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‫)‪+ (H‬‬ ‫) ‪L (:‬‬ ‫)‪ (8‬هـ‬
‫‪٤-‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬
‫) ‪ (S‬أ‬ ‫)( ‪٥‬ن‬ ‫‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‬
‫)هـ( ‪+‬‬
‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫ب‬ ‫ن‬
‫)( ‪: ! D I‬‬
‫‪٦‬‬ ‫‪٩‬‬ ‫‪٨‬‬
‫‪٣‬ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫س‬
‫‪٥‬‬ ‫)‪(H‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫)‪(:‬‬ ‫‪٥‬‬ ‫)‪(8‬‬
‫ن‬ ‫ص‬ ‫س‬
‫‪٢-‬‬ ‫‪٢‬‬
‫ك‬ ‫)‪(S‬‬ ‫)هـ( ‪١‬‬ ‫)( م‬
‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪٣-‬‬ ‫‪٤-‬‬
‫ك‬ ‫‪٢‬‬ ‫م‬
‫‬
: :

A
: 28 I# J ≠ L
: '
-ON#
L

A A A A A×A×A
A
= × × = =
L L L L L×L×L L
:
%
8 8
J≠: =
= : ÷
8
: :

:

=
()

+ =
+ ()
( )
: )9 (4)
١٦ ٣

÷
(H) ٥ (:) ٢ (8)
١٦ ٣

٧ ٣
٩
R ‫)( س‬
(‫)هـ‬ ٩

‫هـ‬ ‫ص‬
: )9 (;)
٩ ٥
: ‫) ( ـ‬ ‫س‬٢ (H) ‫( أ م‬:)
:8 ( 8 )
٣ ٣ ٤

: ٤‫ـ‬ ‫س‬٢ ‫م‬ ٣
‫هـ‬

: ! "#$ :
: (4) 2
: )9&
¯
L ¯A
(J≠LJ≠A) ¯
L A
: 2
¯ ¯ ¯ ¯
L A L A
¯ × = ¯
L A L A
(¯ ) ¯ () ¯

L A =
¯
L ¯A =

= × =
L A L A
: (;) 2
: )9&
¯
(J) × (J)
¯ (8)
J
¯
× ¯ (:)
¯ ¯
( ) (H)
: 2
¯
(¯ ) (¯ ) + J × J
J = J = ¯ (8)
J

¯ (¯ ) + (¯ ) ¯ ¯
= = × (:)
¯ ¯

=
×
= ×
= = (¯ ) × (¯ )
= ¯ ¯
( ) (H)
(% )
: 6 )9

L A
J × J
() ()
L A
J × J

J × J : ‫ـ‬
()
()

J : ‫ـ‬

L ¯A ¯ () ¯
L A ()
¯
L A¯
L A
¯
A ¯A ()
A ÷ A ( )

( A) (J) A A (G)
: &#'" : #
2 A=

-. (
() 5
( . A=8 7 '
+@(U
. '
"# :(;
V(0
!
(A
) *1
. 2' A= '
+@(U : (OW #'
. '
?- "# A=
C9( 28 :I
2 +@(U
2 Z# 28 C0=# 4 ##8 X; Y('
2
S( +@(U S(# A=
2'

:
= 28 !#' = ()

7= A=[ +@(U 8(1
= 28 !#' = ()

7= A=[ +@(U 8(1
= JJJ 28 !#' J = JJJ ()

7= J A=[ JJJ +@(U 8(1
( =
=

: 28 EF# V=
2 A=[ + (>
2** Y(' 1=
*1
!9 8 '
: $?
= = A=[ 1 ∴ = •

= G = G A=[ 1 ∴ = •

= = A=[ 1 ∴ = •

JJJ = J = J A=[ 1 ∴ = JJJ •

, J . J A=[ 1
2)
- +@(U

J A=
J . 1
2)
- <#8 EF#
= J 28 78 J = J 2\9

= 78 = @

= 8 78 =

(( )
: !N )8 (
.................. . A=[ 1 ∴ = ()

............... . A=[ .... 1 ∴ = ()

................... . A=[ 1 ∴ = ... ()

...................... ‫ ه‬١٠ ‫ س‬... ∴ =JJJJ ()

................ . A=[ .... 1 ∴ .... = ()

, A=
9 JJ . 1 2)
- (
, . A=[ 1
2)
- +@(U
(
, J A=[ A 1 9 A = L 2)
- (

: @(U
=
DF'
(
= (‫)ـ‬ = (:)
= ( 8 )
: =8 DF
@(U
DF'
(
= (‫)ـ‬ = (:) = ( 8 )

: (*+) &#'") ) #'" :
!9 3
O=
5@(U
(@)8 . J <==8 7-
+@(U
) 2 J ==8 !
5@(U
:)# * . '
]=
8 !#' 8 28 78 A=
: !
N •

J = JJJJ 2 = JJJJ

J = JJJ 2 = JJJ

J = JJ 2 = JJ

J = J 2 = J

J = 2 J =
¯
J = = J, 2 ¯ = J,
J
¯
J = = J,J 2 ¯ = J,J
J
¯
J = = J,JJ 2 ¯ = J,JJ
J
¯
J = = J,JJJ 2 ¯ = J,JJJ
J
, 2 ()8 !. !

5@(U !9 EF
- •
, 2 D8 !. !

5@(U !9 EF
- •

JJ J @
[ *'
5@(U
V= #9(
I# Y) 2) ... J,JJ J,J J, @ 8 JJJ
... @
8 5@(U
2 ()8 <@(U 2) 2- J 2'
2 C1 '9
2 1 3I (3(_) 3
(=) 78 2 D8 (>"
() 2\9 JJ 2 1 J '

() '
@
JJ 2 1 J
3I 3(_ 3
(=) + = 78
2 D8 2 ()8 3;

3I 3(_ 3
(=) + = 78
3I 3(_ 3
(=) + =
.8 2]SI 2 2) '
+@(U 28 V= EF#
(O
* = = <#' 2) 7-
X"
'
"O
I 5à" <#' 0@ AB+ = 7(_'
(=)
. ?-
2) !
+D(4
2 DF 5E4 . 1=

Q
!9 •
, !#
'
'
#
J = 28 3;
E4
¯ = J,
¯ = J,J

¯ = J,JJ
# ( ) ... ¯ = J,JJJ
b8 ... J,JJ J,J J, @
8 5@(U I# Y)9
J, 2 ()8 2 D8 J, '9
¯ 2 ()8 J 2 D8 J, ∴
7(_ cSI + ¯ = J, 78
J,J 2 ()8 J, 2 D8 J,J '9
¯ 2 ()8 ¯ 2 D8 J,J ∴
7(_'
cSI
+ ¯ = J,J 78
¯ 2 ()8 ¯ 2 D8 J,JJ
7(_'
cSI
+ ¯ = J,JJ 78
7(_'
cSI
+ ¯ = J,JJJ : @
!9 JJJ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ J "

4
. 3;8 #

=

/-. 5@(U
2) :I 3]
78 +@(U !9 7(_'
cSI
28 E4
: 2
21
:= 3= 8 3I !#
'
X"

2 ()8 78 +@(U !9 !#
'
( )
<]SI +D(8

'
7= :I 2)

<# 3(0 X"
. 3
(>" 7= , 2 !#
'9
. 7= 2 !#
'

. 7= , 2 !#
'

X"

2 D8 78 +@(U !9 !#
'
( )
!
(>"

'
7= 3= 2)
2) #
< 39; *(_ (_'
">
2
: @ !#
'
V9 (&) F'
:) 3= !#
'
JJJ
= J,J +@(U 2 !#
'9
= J, G +@(U 2 !#
'

= J,JJJ +@(U 2 !#
'9

-).
3;8 =

+
O= '
+@(U H
(O=
2)
. *(_ !#
'
7(_'
cSI
!0' !

: (4) 2
J,J = , 2)
-
: +
J (:) , ( 8 )
J,JJ ( ) J,J (H)
: 2
,J = , ( 8 )

,J = J (:)
,J = J,J (H)
,J = J,JJ ( )
(EDC)
J, = , 2)
- (
: +
J, (H) , (:) ( 8 )
J,J (‫)هـ‬ J ( )
J, = , 2)
- ()
, = JJJJ (:) , = JJJJ (8) : 2\9
JJJJJJJJJ = J,JJ (H)

‫ ‪( ) () : :‬‬
‫ ‪:‬‬
‫) (
) ( ‪:‬‬
‫‬
‫ ‬
‫ ‪.‬‬
‫‬ ‫هـ‬
‫ ‪.‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫ ! ‪ " #‬‬
‫‬ ‫ـ‬
‫ ‬ ‫) '(' &‪. $%‬‬
‫
‬
‫ ) (‬
‫ " * ‪. +,-‬‬

‫ ‪. 3 = : . ,/ 01‬‬
‫‬ ‫)‪: (5 )

(4‬‬
‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫ ‪ * 4‬ـ ‪ . 6‬هـ ‪ . 7 - -‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ ‪.‬‬
‫ ‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫ ‪: - ; * 8 9‬‬
‫و‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪: < * +,-‬‬
‫
‬ ‫‬
‫ )
(‬
‫‬
‫)ـ( ) =( ‪:‬‬
‫‬ ‫ ‪: 8 < <-.‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫ ‪: ,‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫ ‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ ∴‪<=8‬‬
‫م‬ ‫‬ ‫‪: 6>. +,-‬‬
‫و‬ ‫هـ‬
‫ ;=‬
‫
‬
‫ ‪(") ; = 8‬‬
‫ ) (‬ ‫∴<=‬
‫ ‪: , : * + < ')' 0 9‬‬
‫∴ ‪. = + '/‬‬
‫‪: ?.) 6@ ,9 #)%.‬‬
‫ )( ‪:‬‬
‫) ( ‪:‬‬
‫'& ‪+ (() ) (*() ! " # $ %‬‬
‫" ‪+ ! " ,- #./‬‬
‫‪ 01 ! " 2&3 ,- #./ ,45‬‬
‫‪. , 67‬‬
‫" ‪:‬‬
‫ هـ ‪ // - 4 //‬ـ ‪ 6 //‬‬
‫‬

6 ‫ ـ = ـ‬4 = 4
‫هـ‬

%B C +
‫و‬
: 9-(' :;
‫ـ‬
= - = - ‫هـ‬

( )
:
8 D) D7 - D * * - .
. 4 ")E < * # * !
‫ * ـ‬- 4 * ‫ هـ‬6 6/
(
: ,3-
( )

( " ) 4 - // ‫س أ‬
(F(E) 4 // ! -
)D )DG D) <(G ;7 - ! 4 - ∴
. ( 7 -
. ( <(G& ;7 -
( )G ) 4 = - ! ∴
: H '/ @I.
4 ‫ = ـ‬#
(") ‫ ـ‬4 = 4
#=-!

- # ∆ * ‫ هـ‬- ! ∆

( 9 ) # = - !
(- # // ‫? ! هـ‬. ) - # = - ‫! هـ‬
( # // - ! ?. ) - # = ‫ هـ‬- !
( 7 * 7 * J ) ')' ∴
- = - ‫∴ هـ‬
'/ @I.
= -
= - = - ‫∴ هـ‬
: <
K6D
DE D
D CD
D ,/
CD D.- *

-& C K-L1
‫ـ‬
-D D M,9-
‫و‬ ‫هـ‬
K-L1 C +,-

M,9-
.' C

D -D -
. 7 -

‫ > (= ‪: (
) :‬‬
‫ ‪! ?;( @*A) /) B. , % %‬‬

‫‪. ?( ;A B. 95 67 ;A‬‬
‫" ‪:‬‬
‫‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫‬
‫∆ ‪ 4‬ـ‬
‫‪ 4‬هـ = هـ ـ * ‪ 6‬هـ ‪4 //‬‬
‫هـ‬ ‫‬
‫;‪: 9-(' :‬‬
‫ ‪ 6 = 6‬ـ‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫ ‪:‬‬
‫ ‪ . - 4 // +‬ـ‬
‫‪: ,3-‬‬
‫ ‪ 6 // 4‬هـ ‪ + //‬‬
‫‪ 4‬هـ = هـ ـ )"(‬
‫∴ ‪ 6 * 4‬ه ـ * ‪ CD ")E - F +‬ـ ‪4‬‬
‫‪ C ")E - F C @.N‬ـ ‪.‬‬
‫∴ ‪ 6 = 6‬ـ‬
‫‬
‫ـ‬ ‫‪: 67 ,3-‬‬
‫" ‪:‬‬
‫∆ ‪ 4‬ـ‬
‫هـ‬ ‫‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪ 6‬هـ ‪ 4 * 4 //‬هـ = هـ ـ‬
‫;‪: 9-(' :‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫ ‪ 6 = 6‬ـ‬
‫ ‪:‬‬
‫ ‪ 4 // -‬هـ ‪ D9 6 6
(-‬د
‪-‬‬
‫‪: ,3-‬‬
‫ ‪ 6 // 4‬هـ )"( ∴ ‪D9 - // 4‬‬
‫ و ‪ 4 //‬هـ )‪(F(E‬‬
‫∴ ‪ 4‬هـ ‪(7 - ) )G <(G ;7 -) -‬‬
‫∴ ‪ 4 = -‬هـ )(
‪( <(G ;7 -‬‬
‫∵ ‪ 4‬هـ = هـ ـ )"(‬
‫∴ ‪ = -‬هـ ـ‬
‫ـ ‪ 6‬هـ‬ ‫‪*-6‬‬ ‫
‬
‫ ‪ = -‬ـ هـ )‪(9‬‬
‫ـ ‪ 6‬هـ ) ! (‬ ‫‪= -6‬‬
‫هـ ـ ‪( 6 ) 6‬‬ ‫‪= 6-‬‬
‫∴ ')' ) ‪( 7 * 7 * J‬‬
‫ ‪: 6>. 0‬‬
‫ ‪ 6 = 6‬ـ‬
‫‬
‫ـ‬ ‫
‬ ‫‬ ‫( )( ‪:‬‬
‫
) ‪ (O‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪: ,/‬‬

‫ ‪ 4‬ـ ‪* <(G ;7 - 6‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫! ‪ 6 PL. # * 4 PL.‬ـ‬
‫ ) ‪(C‬‬
‫ ' ‪ 6 :‬هـ = هـ ‪4 - = -‬‬
‫‪: /‬‬
‫" ‪:‬‬
‫ ‪ 4‬ـ ‪ # = # 6 * <(G ;7 - 6‬ـ * ! = ! ‪4‬‬
‫;‪: 9-(' :‬‬
‫‪ 6‬هـ = هـ ‪4 - = -‬‬
‫‪: ,3-‬‬
‫∵ ‪ 4‬ـ ‪(") <(G ;7 - 6‬‬
‫∴ ‪ 6‬ـ = ‪Q7 -- 4‬‬
‫‬
‫‪ 6‬ـ‬ ‫∵ ‪ # = # 6‬ـ * ∴ ‪ #‬ـ =‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‬
‫∵! =!‪4 5 = !∴ * 4‬‬
‫∴ ‪ #‬ـ = !‬
‫∴ ‪ #‬ـ ‪ 4 <(G& ;7 -
( ) ! //‬ـ ‪(6‬‬
‫‬
‫∴ ! ـ ‪(- 7 - ( )G) <(G ;7 - #‬‬
‫∴ ‪ ! // #‬ـ )‪(<(G& ;7 -
( )G‬‬
‫‪ - 6‬ـ ‪ # = # 6 :‬ـ )"(‬ ‫
‬
‫) ‪( 9‬‬ ‫‪ #‬هـ ‪ //‬ـ ‪-‬‬
‫) ‪() ....... ( ?.‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬هـ = هـ ‪-‬‬
‫) " (‬ ‫ ‪ 4‬هـ ‪4 ! = ! :‬‬ ‫
‬
‫) ‪( 9‬‬ ‫! ‪ // -‬هـ‬
‫) ‪(5)........... ( ?.‬‬ ‫هـ ‪4 - = -‬‬
‫ )( * )‪: H R.. (5‬‬
‫‪ 6‬هـ = هـ ‪4 - = -‬‬
‫ )
(‬
‫ـ‬
‫}{ ) ( ‪(U ) :‬‬
‫>‪ 4 * 4 # * < # : - 6‬ـ‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫) ! ‪( V = #‬‬
‫
‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‬ ‫ ‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫ ) ‪(D‬‬
‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫)‪(W )
(4‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬
‫‪ < = < 6‬ـ‬
‫‬
‫‬ ‫هـ‬
‫
‬ ‫‪O = ! * = # 6‬‬
‫ـ‬ ‫‬
‫>‪: - 6‬‬
‫ ) ‪(E‬‬ ‫‪6*#4‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫
‬ ‫هـ‬
‫}‪: (X )
{5‬‬
‫هـ ! = ! ‪- # = #‬‬
‫' ‪:‬‬
‫ـ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫=‪4+=+‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬

‫ ) ‪(F‬‬
‫}={
) ( ‪:‬‬
‫
‬
‫ ‪ 4‬ـ ‪4 PL. ! * <(G ;7 - 6‬‬
‫! ـ ‪# //‬‬
‫ـ‬ ‫‬
‫' ‪:‬‬
‫ـ ‪6 = #‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫ ) (‬
‫‬
‫}{ ‪ 4‬ـ ')‪ - PL. 6 * 4
- 7 Y Z‬ـ * ' ‪:‬‬
‫‬
‫ ـ‬ ‫‪= 64‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫) ‪ 6 6- : 6/‬هـ ‪( 4 ")E‬‬
‫ ‪: () :‬‬
‫ ‪– ?H;( =5 ,;A =G. ,- . 0& %‬‬

‫!‪. 9G. 0 ?( ;A 0‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‬
‫
‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‬ ‫ ‬
‫
‬
‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫" ‪:‬‬
‫∆ ‪ 4‬ـ * ‪ 4 PL. 6‬ـ * هـ ‪ PL.‬ـ‬
‫;‪: 9-(' :‬‬
‫ هـ ‪4 // 6‬‬
‫‪ 5‬هـ ‪4 = 6‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‬
‫ ‪:‬‬
‫ ‪ 4 // -‬ـ (
‪ 6 6 6‬هـ
‪-‬‬
‫‪: ,3-‬‬
‫ـ هـ ‪6‬‬ ‫ هـ ‪* -‬‬ ‫
‬
‫! = ! ) ‪ 4 // - 6‬ـ (‬
‫‪( ! ) # = #‬‬
‫ هـ = هـ ـ ) " (‬
‫∴ ')' ) ‪( 7 * J * 7‬‬
‫∴ ‪ = -‬ـ ‪ - * 6‬هـ = هـ ‪6‬‬
‫‪ -‬ـ ‪( " ) 4 6 = 6‬‬
‫∴‪64=-‬‬
‫‪: -‬‬
‫ ‪( F(E ) 6 4 // -‬‬
‫∴ ‪( - 7 - ( )G ) <(G ;7 - - 6 4‬‬
‫∴ ‪
. +,- 4 // 6 -‬هـ ‪() DDDDDD 4 // 6‬‬
‫‪( <(G ;7 -
( )G ) 4 = 6 - +,-‬‬
‫‪ -‬هـ ‪ = 6‬هـ ‪( 9 ) -‬‬
‫‬
‫‪(5) DDDDDD‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫∴ هـ ‪= 6 - = 6‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‬
: () (
ED
D <(DG& IL. * * * + : ,/
: ' * 6 ‫ ـ‬4
. <(G ;7 - +
E
: /

: "
‫ـ‬
: (5 )

‫ = ـ‬4 * 4 + = +
6 = * 6 = ‫ـ‬

: 9-(' :;
. <(G ;7 - +
E
:
‫ك‬
6 4 L
(
)
: ,3-
:64 ∆

( " ) 6= * 4+=+
() ......... ( ?. ) 4 6 = + * 4 6 // + ∴
5
: 6 ‫ ـ‬4 ∆
-
( " ) 6 = ‫ = ـ * ـ‬4
(5) ........... ( ?.) 4 6 ١ = * 4 6 // ∴
٢

: R.. (5) - ()
( ( )G 9- ) // + * = +
( 7 -- - ( )G ) <(G ;7 - + ∴
(
) ,
‫ـ‬ * ‫ ـ‬PL. ! (= )
(
‫ ـ‬4 PL. < * 4 PL. #

: '

. <(G ;7 - < 4 # !

( )
: ( )
(5
IL. * * # * ! ,/
. 4 ")E ‫ ـ‬4 * ‫ * ـ‬4 6 * 6
= # ! '
‫ـ‬
( 4 L : 6/ )

( )

‫ـ‬ * ‫ ـ‬PL. ([ )
(=
* # ! * 4 PL. * # <
: '
. ‫ ـ‬4 = < !

(J )
")E . - * ‫ ـ‬4 PL. ‫(< * ه ـ‬G& ;- Z)' ‫ ـ‬4 (

D' * ‫ ـ‬4 // 6 - * 4 // ‫ هـ‬6 Z1 ‫)" ـ‬E . 6 * 4
:
. 6 ‫ هـ‬4 -
: :

: ! " #$ % & ' ( " '
:
. K - > F6% @). ' °X9 6 - 7

‫ـ‬
‫هـ‬
(C ) (K )

: - ‫ هـ‬6= ‫ ـ‬4 6>. ,
‫ * ∆ هـ‬# 4 ! ∆

( !- !I. IL. ) ‫ = هـ‬4 !
( !- !I. IL. ) ‫ = هـ‬# 4
( F(E ) =#!
( J * J * J ) ')' ∴
-) M' : ) ( ; % *
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W

0
= 6 – = : – + 6
:
( ) = : – + 6
(6) = 6 –
(:) 6 – : = ()
(6) /
8% L(
= ( 6 – : ) 6 –

= + < – ∴
= 4
٢=‫∴س‬
(:) /
8% L(
(
¯ = 6 × 6 – : =
" 0
/D " { (¯ 6)} = 0
/K( # ∴
(, % $) "
: /W
^\
0 L(
/C ) $
()
X = 6 + = – 6 ( " )
6+= = + (M )
= – + 6 = – – (‫)ـ‬
6 – = = > – + ()
– : = 6 + = (‫)هـ‬
: /
^\
0 (6)
6 = : + 6 <¯ = – : ( " )
X = 6 – = : + 4 (M )
> = 6 – 4 ¯ = : + 6 (‫)ـ‬
6 = 4 5 6 6¯ = : + ( )
6 +
4= + : 6= (‫)هـ‬
4 :

: )- ./ 0* : *
^\
)(&U )
$
&' 82 8% 0P$ #(
. & 0! / ` /%
\(&# /
_@ 8% SK( /W
, H P

K( # %( " \ A
IC$ ,
# /F$
Sd
` /
_@ 8% M('C
B
@ , /F$
/ # ,'K K$ 8
^ ('
N
$
.
!.
E2 K O @cD
01 " Q 1
K : 1
6
!.
01 " 4 K O cD.
01 " >( :

f

8%) . _# M('C

(
# @" /F$
0 8!(
" . !g( cD.
' LU
. (
01

@
. / 0! 8% /`
# J " S /F$
G" . :
!.
E2 K O cD.
01 " /1 1
: b cD.
01 " /1 1 !.
E2 C
( ) : = 6 – :
6
!.
01 " 4 K O cD.
01 " > 2"
( 6) 6 = 4 – >
. B &' ! ,'K 'D
4 = – 4 b 4 8% () M2

¯ = + ¯ b 6¯ 8% (6) M2(
= I #(
( ) /
8% L( ∴
: = 6 – × :
: = 6 – ::
:¯ = 6¯
4 = ∴
4 = !.

= cD.

∴
. /#.
/D •
: (,) +
. )$:
*2K K *(C O )$> 0C$ C
f *2K( 0C$
0(C
:
)$ = *(C( )$ = 0C$
LK " LU
( ) > = 6 + 6 ∴
( 6) : = –
6 8% (6) M2
( :) 6< = 6 – 6
= (:) () I #
64 = ∴

: = – 64 ∴
6¯ = ¯ ∴
)$6 = ∴
)$64 = 0C$
0(C ∴
)$6 = 0C$
LK
f J " /C 01

@ 0 ! 0@ •
: (-) +
> ( . O * " K E2
O K ! $ 0`
0! K # .
O * " K O K D W
^
($
4
. W
&
:
/$ = W
O K( /$ = W

O K " LU
6 – = $ 0`
O K
6 – = $ 0` O K
(6 5 )6 = 6 – ∴
– 6 = 6 –
( ) 6 ¯ = 6 –
> + = ^
($ >
O K
> + = ^
($ > O K

( > + ) = >+∴
4

6X + = :4 + 4
( 6) >¯ = – 4
6 – 6 = ()
>¯ = (6 5 6) – 4 ∴
>¯ = X + X – 4
4=∴ 4¯ = :¯
X=6–4×6=∴
^
($ 4 = W
O K ^
($ X = W

O K ∴
: (.) +
O( . * ` h( # 01 " > G($ ` (! K
f
. :<
`
(! (!

K
:
^
?
)`( W
)` " LU
+ =
∴
+ = `
h( #
( + )> = + ∴
> + > = +
= – 6 = : – <
( ) 6 = ∴

+ = `
(! (!

:< = ( + ) – + ∴

:< = – – +
:< = ; – ;
= 5
(6) 8% () L(
= – 6
X= =∴
X = ^
?
)` = W
)`
X =
∴
. /#T
/D •
(1%$) "
f :< & U
( 6 &K( #
'

( )
` K O @
` (
O ( 6)
. (
O
0! ` # °4>
J .
K 0(C
O( )$ X *2K( 0C$ 0(C h( # ( :)
. *2K( 0C$
0(C 0! # . )$ X
L
/$ <4 0 * K 01 " /1 1 * %2 0# K ( )

f & 0! K % . /$ 64 & K U
!
a%

@!" E2( 6: &K( # #( D
K ( 4)
.
# . <
@cD" 01 " /1 1 K O

a%
6X &C 0!?
/'C$ #
( S= ( <)
E2 0(C
RD" &2K ( " : &(C
. &$ # . L
, 6 E2"
( . (! * , : E2"
$! ( >)
6
. $!
# ($ b
! *C$
. / ` h( # 01 " > G($ * ` ` (! K ( X)

8'D.

K b
0 `
I2( !K
(
f
% . X
X ( . *
K 01 " /
K K O
( K ( ;)
. K D` *
K 01 " /1 1
(
K RD ^
($
f W
& 0! K )!
/ ` M $!K ( &K( # ` EH K ()
f
. 8'D.

01 " /1 1 K 4 b

O

‫
‬
‫)(

‬
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‫‬
‫= < >‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫ـ‬
‫ ‪ ........‬ـ '‬ ‫)(‬
‫ ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫هـ‬ ‫‬
‫' هـ‬ ‫ ـ ‪......‬‬ ‫)(‬
‫‬ ‫ ‬
‫
‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪
*+‬‬ ‫ ) ( ‪......‬‬ ‫) ـ (‬
‫‬
‫)‪:

- ' (,‬‬
‫‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫‬

‫) ( = ـ ‪.............. +‬‬
‫∴ ‪ ......‬ـ‬
‫ـ‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫' ـ‬ ‫'‪+‬‬ ‫ ـ ‪........‬‬ ‫)(‬
‫ ـ‬ ‫' ـ ‪........‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫ـ‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪.................‬‬ ‫ ـ ‪+‬‬ ‫ ـ =‬ ‫)‪(/‬‬

‫ ـ‬ ‫ ـ ‪........‬‬
‫ = ‪ °56‬‬ ‫)‪ ∆ -' * (0‬ـ ‪ * 4 3 12‬‬
‫ ـ ‪: 9! 9‬‬ ‫ = ‪ - *8 °76‬ـ ـ ‬
‫) ( ;( ‪= >?; 2 (/) <:8 () <:8‬‬
‫‬
() :
:
@A 9B ' :C D E
B @ >?F
G GH:I @ - C-
C !
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C @ J;IF @! KL <?
<G:8 (; @ O:P ! ' L! 2A @ . NM
. >! Q
;I N
: ( )

!"

. # $% & '$() $%*
‫ـ‬

‫ص‬

: ,(
‫ ـ ـ < ـ‬ ∆ @
: '($" -
‫ ـ‬ < ‫ ـ‬

: .
‫ ـ ?< ـ ' = ـ‬O:P ' C! RP
: (/ $
‫' ـ‬ ∆ @
(
) ‫ـ ' = ـ‬
( - 1 ∆ @ S'P- ) = ∴
(' <:8: EI ) ( + ) = ∴
) < ∴
) < ∴
(‫ ـ‬TE ) < ‫ ـ‬
) < ‫ ـ‬ ∴
‫ ـ‬ < ‫ ـ‬ ∴
: .(
G8 . ‫ < ـ‬2U ‫ ـ‬JL! ' ‫ ـ‬ ∆ @
‫' ـ‬ > '

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‫‬
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‫ـ‬
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‫‪: .0‬‬
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‫ ـ < ـ ' = ' ـ‬ ‫∆‬ ‫@‬
‫‪: '($" -‬‬
‫ـ '‬ ‫' >‬
‫‪: .‬‬
‫' ' ‪ OU‬هـ ?< ' = ' هـ ‪
L‬هـ ‪.‬‬
‫‪: (/ $‬‬
‫ـ '‬ ‫∆‬ ‫ هـ ' ‬ ‫∆‬ ‫@‬
‫) ‪( OC‬‬ ‫ ' = ـ '‬
‫)
(‬ ‫هـ ' = '‬
‫ـ ' )
(‬ ‫ ' هـ =‬
‫)‪(QQ‬‬ ‫∴ ‪C 8:8‬‬
‫‬
‫)(‬ ‫ـ '‬ ‫ هـ ' =‬ ‫∴‬
‫)‪(,‬‬ ‫ هـ = ـ ‬
‫) ‪( OC‬‬ ‫ < ـ‬
‫∴ < هـ‬
‫ هـ‬ ‫ هـ <‬ ‫ هـ ‬ ‫∆‬ ‫∴ @‬
‫ـ '‬ ‫ هـ ' =‬ ‫‪%‬‬
‫ هـ‬ ‫ـ ' <‬ ‫∴‬
‫ـ '‬ ‫ هـ >‬ ‫∴‬
‫ـ '‬ ‫' >‬ ‫∴‬
‫ )‪( 21‬‬

‫)( @
)‪ <:8 (V7‬ـ ‪: 9'PL 9‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪* X,5‬‬ ‫‪* W‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪* 6,5‬‬ ‫‬

‫
)‪(V7‬‬
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‫ ـ '‬ ‫ ـ <‬ ‫‪ 8‬‬
‫‬
‫)‪ (,V7)
@ (0‬ـ < ‬
‫‬ ‫ ـ '‬ ‫' =‬

‫‪: 8‬‬
‫‬ ‫ ـ '‬ ‫ـ ' <‬
‫‬ ‫)‪
L ' U‬ـ(‬
‫ـ‬ ‫
)‪(,V7‬‬
‫)‪ (4‬ـ ' ‪ < 3 @P‬ـ < ـ ' < ' ‪: 8‬‬
‫ ـ‬ ‫ ' ـ <‬
‫) ‪('
L ' U‬‬
‫ ‪: (4)
: ( 3‬‬
‫"! ‪& & (5 ,6‬‬

‫‪. $%* ($() # $%‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫(‪: ,‬‬
‫ ـ ‪.‬‬ ‫ ـ <‬ ‫ ـ ‪3 12‬‬ ‫∆‬
‫‬
‫‪: '($" -‬‬
‫ ـ < ـ ‬
‫‪: .‬‬
‫ ـ‬ ‫* ـ =‬ ‫‪ C * * V‬ـ @ * ?<‬
‫ * ;‪ @-‬ـ @ ‬ ‫‪JL! * V,‬‬
‫‪: (/ $‬‬
‫)‬ ‫ـ = ‪+‬‬
‫(‬ ‫ـ = ‪@ EI ) ) +‬‬
‫ = ) = ) )
(‬
‫ـ (‬ ‫ـ ) ‪@ A‬‬ ‫ـ =‬ ‫∴‬
‫∴ ـ = ـ ‬
‫ !‪ O:P C‬ـ‬
‫∴ ـ < ـ ‬
‫∴ ـ < ـ ‬
‫‪: ( ) 7‬‬
‫ !‪ 7 6 & .$() 8‬‬
‫‪= !( . 9:; $%; / & < 6‬‬
‫‪: (4) 7‬‬
‫ ;‪. & >?() 9:; $%‬‬
‫‬
‫(‪: ( ) .‬‬
‫@ ∆ ـ < ـ ‪ HL! 2U‬ـ‬
‫‬ ‫‪ * < * : 8 * @ :‬ـ ‪.‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪: .0‬‬
‫@
)‪: (0V7‬‬
‫ـ‬ ‫‬ ‫(‪: ,‬‬

‫ا )‪(٣-٦‬‬ ‫ ـ < ـ‬ ‫∆‬ ‫@‬
‫ ـ ‬ ‫ ـ ـ * !‪JL‬‬ ‫ * !‪JL‬‬
‫‪: '($" -‬‬
‫ * < ـ *‬
‫‪: (/ $‬‬
‫ ـ ‪:‬‬ ‫∆‬ ‫@‬
‫ < ـ )‪(OC‬‬
‫ ـ )!>(‬ ‫ ـ <‬ ‫∴‬
‫ ـ‬ ‫ ـ < ‬ ‫∴ ‬
‫‪,‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪,‬‬
‫ ـ ‬ ‫ ـ * = ‪,‬‬ ‫‬
‫ ـ )‪(OC‬‬ ‫ـ * = ‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫∴ @ ∆ ـ * ‪:‬‬
‫ـ *‬ ‫ ـ * <‬
‫∴ * < ـ *‬
‫‬
(
)
‫ـ‬
()

(4V7)

°
°

‫ـ‬
(5V7)

= ‫ * ـ‬: [ (4V7)
@
= ( * ( ‫ ـ‬KL [ (5V7)
@
. ' @ ‫ ـ‬C JL! ‫ ـ‬ @ (,)
. ' < : 8
OG:P C! ‫ هـ‬O:P C! ' > ‫ ـ‬3 <:8 ‫( ـ‬0)
‫ ـ‬// ‫ ـ ?< ' هـ‬
‫ ' < هـ‬8

‫' < '‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪ (4‬ـ ' ‪3 @P‬‬
‫‪ 8‬ـ ' < ـ‬
‫)
(‬
‫)‪ (5‬ـ ‪ :G OG:P C! (;Z 1 <:8‬ـ ‪.‬‬
‫ ;( ‪. 9'PL 9 <:8‬‬
‫ ‪: () :‬‬
‫;‪>)@ A" ) )@ 5 B5‬‬
‫‪. >)@ AC ) .&( /‬‬
‫(‪: ,‬‬
‫ * !‪ C‬ـ ‪* /I‬‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ـ ' ‪ O:P 'P‬هـ ‪C! 1‬‬
‫‪' J;I O:P ]I‬‬
‫‪: '($" -‬‬
‫ ـ ' > ـ هـ‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫هـ‬ ‫‪ ∆ @ : (/ $‬هـ ' ـ‬
‫‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫)‪(OC‬‬ ‫هـ ' ـ = ‪X6‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫' ـ هـ = ‪( ° =
) X6‬‬ ‫' هـ ـ ‪+‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫' هـ ـ > ‪X6‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫هـ ' ـ‬ ‫' هـ ـ >‬ ‫∴‬
‫ـ ' > ـ هـ‬ ‫∴‬
‫‪ 1‬ـ ' ‪ I^ * 1 L-‬ـ ‪ OU‬‬
‫‬
‫(‪: ( ) .‬‬
‫‪. 3C?
- <:8 PH (E 8‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪: .0‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫(‪: ,‬‬
‫ ـ ‪ <:8‬‬
‫ ) ـ ( ‪. <:8 PH‬‬
‫‬ ‫ ‬ ‫‬ ‫‪: '($" -‬‬
‫ ‪ + ) +‬ـ ( > ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ ‬
‫‪: (/ $‬‬
‫)(‬ ‫ ‪. ( B-‬‬ ‫ > )‬ ‫∆‬ ‫@‬
‫ ) ـ ‪(,) (B-‬‬ ‫ ـ ) ) > ـ )‬ ‫∆‬ ‫@‬
‫)‪(0‬‬ ‫ ( ـ ‪( B-‬‬ ‫ ( ـ ـ ( > ـ )‬ ‫∆‬ ‫@‬
‫‪: O:P
L?! (0) (,) () E‬‬
‫ ‪ + ) +‬ـ ( > ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ ‬
‫ ) (‬
‫)( @
)‪: 8
(7V7‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‬
‫) ـ ‪ +‬ـ (‬ ‫) ( ـ ' >‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫)( > ـ ‪ +‬ـ‬

‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪(121) .%D‬‬
‫‬
: 8 (WV7)
@ (,)
> ' + ‫) ( ـ‬
' ‫)( < ـ‬
‫ـ‬
‫هـ‬
(E21) .%D

' <G? ‫ ـ‬O:P C! ' @ *B- ∆ ‫( ـ‬0)

: 8 ' ‫ ـ‬ =
‫ ـ‬O:P C L- A '
: () :
. ( $%; 8; 97 8;

: ,(

‫ـ‬ ‫ ـ‬ ∆
: '($" -

< ‫ ـ‬+ ‫ ـ‬

‫‪: .‬‬
‫' ـ ‪ <? ' OU‬ـ ' = ـ‬
‫‪. '
L‬‬
‫‪: (/ $‬‬

‫ ـ ' ـ = ـ ' )
(‬ ‫∆‬ ‫@‬
‫) ‪( - 1 ∆ @ S'P-‬‬ ‫‬ ‫∴ =‬
‫‬ ‫'<‬ ‫ ‪:‬‬
‫‬ ‫'<‬ ‫∴‬
‫'‪:‬‬ ‫∆‬ ‫@‬
‫'‬ ‫' <‬
‫∴'<‬
‫ ' = ' ـ ‪ +‬ـ ‬
‫= ـ ‪ +‬ـ ‬
‫∴ ـ ‪ +‬ـ < ‬
‫‪: 8U
8‬‬
‫ ‪ +‬ـ < ـ‬
‫ ‪ +‬ـ < ـ‬
‫‬
‫‪: 7‬‬
‫ ;‪ $ F 6 $%; 8; . 8‬‬
‫ ‪: 8; H G‬‬
‫; ـ < ; ‪ – -‬ـ ‪H -‬‬
‫; ‪ ; < -‬ـ – ‪ -‬ـ ‪H‬‬
‫‪ -‬ـ < ; ـ – ; ‪. !%/ -‬‬
‫(‪: ( ) .‬‬
‫@ ∆ ـ ' !‪ O:P C‬ـ ‪: 8‬‬
‫‬ ‫ ' > ) ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ (‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪: .0‬‬
‫(‪: ,‬‬
‫ ـ ' !‪ O:P C‬ـ‬ ‫∆‬
‫ـ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪: '($" -‬‬
‫ ' > ) ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ (‬
‫‪,‬‬
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‫ ' ـ ‪:‬‬ ‫∆‬ ‫@‬
‫) !> ( ……… )‪(,‬‬ ‫' ـ ‪ +‬ـ < '‬
‫‪: (,) () E‬‬
‫ ‪ ' + ' +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ < ' ‪' +‬‬
‫‬
‫∴ ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ < ‪' ,‬‬
‫‬
‫) ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ ( < '‬ ‫∴‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫∴ ' > ) ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ ' (‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫(‪: (4) .‬‬
‫‪. 3C? JL! KL <:8 @ : 1 8‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪: .0‬‬
‫‪: A‬‬
‫ ـ‬ ‫∆‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪: '($" -‬‬
‫ ـ > ) ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ (‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‪: (/ $‬‬
‫ ـ ‪:‬‬ ‫∆‬ ‫@‬
‫ ‪ +‬ـ < ـ‬
‫‪ J‬ـ ‪. C
OU‬‬
‫ ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ < ـ ‪ +‬ـ‬
‫∴ ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ < ‪ ,‬ـ‬
‫ ) ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ ( < ـ‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‬
‫) ‪ +‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ (‬ ‫∴ ـ >‬
‫‪,‬‬
‫‬
( )
: 3P;
C <:8 *
A ()
= * 7,5 * 0,5 * ,,5 V
= L 4 L 0 L , V,

=* 0 * 7 * , V0
. 3C- 1 @P
1 C? JL! 8 (,)
: 8 ‫< ـ‬:8

I ' C! ' (0)
‫ ـ‬+ ‫ ـ‬+ < ( ' ‫ ـ‬+ ' + ' ) ,
( ' ' OU ) ' ( = ) 3 <:8 ( ) (4)
: 8 . ‫
' هـ‬L *8 ‫ هـ‬OU
( ‫ هـ‬+ ‫) ' > ' هـ‬
GC 2` * W = ‫ * ـ‬5 = 3 <:8 ‫( ـ‬5)
@ ' 'PZ PE 9??L 9 ''P ‫ ـ‬
. ‫ ـ‬:: 9FC [ L!P

‫
‬
‫) (

‪:‬‬
‫)( ) ‪(! +‬‬ ‫) (‬ ‫)(‬
‫)( ) ‪( +‬‬ ‫)( ) "(‬
‫)‪"(" ) (#‬‬ ‫)!( ")! ‪( +‬‬
‫)‪ + % + ) ($‬ـ ( ‪ + % – ) +‬ـ (‬
‫)'( !") ‪(" + " – ! )" + ( "! – +‬‬
‫)‪: ,- + (
) * (%‬‬
‫‪("+‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)‪= "$ + $ (+‬‬

‫(‬ ‫‬ ‫)‪) = " – (/‬‬
‫‪(# +‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)( " ‪= " # +‬‬
‫ "(‬ ‫)‬ ‫)( " – ‪= " #‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫)( ! ‪= / – %/ +‬‬
‫)( ‪. 4 " 067 5 4 (" + ) 0) 1) 2 3‬‬
‫)!( ‪. 4 () 067 5 4 (! + ) 0) 1) 2 3‬‬
‫‬
: :
( + ) 067 ) 932 (! + ) 0) 1) 2
. : 932 ( + ) (! + ) = ) 932
+
!
!
! !+
: ; : ,- 1) 4< (=
. : 932 = × = 02 ?: 1> ;
. : 932 = × = 02 1) ABC ;
. : 932 ! = × ! = 02 1) DC ;
. : 932 ! = × ! = 02 1) ?: ;
: (=E
! + ! + + = ( + ) × (! + )
! + ' + = ( + ) (! + ) F
? 4 3: GHB B ,7 12 (=
: A=
( + )! + ( + ) = ( + ) (! + )
! + ! + + =
! + ' + =

‫ ‪:‬‬
‫) ـ ‪) = (3 +‬ـ ‪)% + (3 +‬ـ ‪(3 +‬‬ ‫) ‪(% +‬‬
‫= ـ ‪ % + 3 +‬ـ ‪3 % +‬‬
‫)ـ ‪) = (3 +‬ـ ‪ )% – (3 +‬ـ ‪(3 +‬‬ ‫) ‪(%‬‬
‫= ـ ‪ % – 3 +‬ـ ‪3 %‬‬
‫)ـ ‪) = (3‬ـ ‪) % + (3‬ـ ‪(3‬‬ ‫) ‪(% +‬‬
‫= ـ ‪ % + 3‬ـ ‪3 %‬‬
‫)ـ ‪) = (3‬ـ ‪) % (3‬ـ ‪(3‬‬ ‫) ‪(%‬‬
‫= ـ ‪ % 3‬ـ ‪3 % +‬‬
‫
‪:‬‬
‫)ـ ‪ = ( + 3) (! +‬ـ )‪( + 3)! + ( + 3‬‬ ‫)(‬
‫= ـ ‪٢ + 3‬ـ ‪/ + 3! +‬‬
‫) !( )" ( = )" ( – !)" (‬ ‫)(‬
‫= " – – ! " ‪/ +‬‬
‫)" !( )" ‪( + ")! – ( + ") " = ( +‬‬ ‫)(‬
‫= " ‪! – "! – " +‬‬
‫= " – " – !‬
‫) ( ) ‪($ ) – ($ ) = ($‬‬ ‫)(‬
‫= – ‪ + – $‬‬
‫= – ‪ + +‬‬
‫) ‪(! + ) (! + ) = (! +‬‬ ‫)!(‬
‫= ‪! + / + / +‬‬
‫= ‪! + / +‬‬
‫‬
:
: %6
( + ) ( ! + ) ( )
( + ") ( ") ( )
:
I: 1C 12 AE ,> 9) ;J- (= = ( 1<:
. K=L ABC < 332 ? AE 1> < ( 32 F %6:
/ + ! + + = ( + ) (! + ) ()
/ + + + =
" – " + " = ( + ") ( ") ()
" – " =
()
: AM 1= AE %6 NB 3
(‫( ) – هـ‬3 ) () (‫ هـ‬+ ") (‫ ـ‬+ %) ()
( %) ( + %) () ( + ) (3 + ) ()
( + ) ( ) (#) ( + ) ( + ) (!)
( ) ( + ) (') ( ) ( ) ($)
(" + ) (" + ) (+)
( + ) ( – !) (/)

: :
( 32 F %6 AL I: 3 AE LBE7 A <):
332 337 (= G ABC < 332 ? AE 1> < 332
= 7 9: : 3< %6 (= (< ( 1= AE
: A 1C AE O6
:
: AM 1= AE %6 NB 3
(‫ ـ‬+ % + ) (" + ) ( )
(‫ – ـ‬% + ) (‫ هـ‬+ " – ) ( )
( + – + ) ( + ) ( )
:
= (‫ ـ‬+ % + ) (" + ) ()
‫ " ـ‬+ % " + " + ‫ ـ‬+ % +
= (‫ – ـ‬% + ) (‫ هـ‬+ " – ) ()
+ ‫ هـ‬+ ‫ " ـ‬+ % " – " ‫ – ـ‬% +
‫ – هـ ـ‬% ‫هـ‬
= ( + – + ) ( + ) ()
+ # – + + + – +
= – + – –
– $ + ! – – +

()
: AM 1= AE %6 NB 3
( + " + ) (% + ) ( )
(! " + ) ( " + ) ( )
( + – – !) ( + ) ( )
(" + " – " ) (" – ) ( )
( + + ! – ) ( + $ – ) ( !)
(% ! – % – ) ( – + % ) ( #)
( ) ( + ) ( + ) ( $)
: !"# $ "% :

,7 < 1:< / 33 ( KL AB # × ! = / ( 4B
. PI: (3: # ,7 < 1:< !
QKL . 33 4< A 22 3 37> 7 =K
7 , LB7 5 G=K A 22 3 37> ( 7
= × (> 33 1 7 ( 1 7 33E . 33 1 7
. 5 L ( 7 ,- 33 B2 3R (=B 5
= # × (> 33 1 7 ( 1 7 33
# 5 L ( 7 ,- 33 B2 3R (=B
= × (> 33 1 7 ( 1 7 33

5 : L ( 7 ,- 33 B2 3R (=B
= × (> 33 1 7 ( 1 7 33
5 L ( 7 ,- 33 B2 3R (=B
3 37> 12 4GH HB L : 3< 12 4GH (-
. 22
: F: 3< 1 7 ( 1 7 (- 1<BE
+ = ( + ) (> +
5 L ( 7 ,- + F: 3< B2 3R (=B
.+
(> " + " F: 3< 1 7 ( 1 7 " (-
. " + " = ( + ")"
S K S T + " 3< 1 7 ( 1 7 1L
F: 3< 1 7 ( 1 7 (" + ) F: 3< 1L
S K S " +
AE F: 3< KL ?6B (M: F: 3< 12: ABB
J 1= 1 (= ( )U: G6: AE :6 1 7 9
. 22 337
. 0 9 ): KL (> 12 V " + F: 3<
O2 337 A:2 0 FK # + F: 3<
( + ) 9 ,7 %= K- = 2 2 (=

%= K- # + (= 02 (= V + 3< (>
: 9:

1 (> = 2 2 (= V ( + ) #

. 22 337
:
V 4 = 2 2 A F: 3< (= K- (:
: AM 2 1= AE
( + ) = + ( )
( + ) = + ( )
( + ) = + ( )

: &' ( )*+ "% :

: ()
: = 2 A F: 3< 12
‫ ـ‬# + %
:
(‫ ـ‬+ % ) = ‫ ـ‬# + %
(‫ ـ‬+ %) =
: AL 1 7 CC ,- 3< B2 3R (=B
(‫ ـ‬+ %) 5 5

‫‪5 12 , 12 ( TB KL‬‬
‫‪ # 5 % (: WU 1 7 ( K-‬ـ ( ‪WU 1 7 6‬‬
‫‪ # 5 % (:‬ـ ‪.‬‬
‫ )( ‪:‬‬
‫‪: = 2 A 12‬‬
‫‪٢ ٣ ٣‬‬
‫! هـ ‪ / +‬هـ‪ ! – 3٢‬هـ ‪3‬‬
‫ ‪:‬‬
‫! هـ ‪ / +‬هـ‪٣ ! – 3٢‬هـ‪ ! = ٢3٣‬هـ ) ‪ +‬هـ ‪ – 3‬هـ‪٢‬د‪(٢‬‬
‫‪: AL 1 7 ,- 3< B2 3R (=B‬‬
‫! ‪ 5 5‬هـ ‪ + ) 5‬هـ ‪ – 3‬أ‪٢‬هـ‪٢‬د‪(٢‬‬
‫ )‪(,‬‬
‫)( ‪٤ F: 3< 12 WB %) K-‬هـ‪١٢ + ٢‬هـ ‪٦ +‬هـ ‪(:‬‬
‫‪S K S 1 = X 12 G 1 = 12 F‬‬
‫ ‪٤‬هـ )هـ ‪٦ + ( +‬هـ‬
‫‪٤ %‬هـ‪٦ + ٢‬هـ ) ‪( +‬‬
‫‪٢) Y‬هـ‪٦ + ٢‬هـ ‪٣ +‬هـ(‬
‫‪٢ 3‬هـ )‪٢‬هـ ‪( + # +‬‬
‫هـ‪٦ -‬هـ ) هـ ‪( + +‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫)( ‪: 2 1= AE 1 337 (: : 3< 12‬‬
‫)( " – '"‬ ‫)( )هـ هـ ‪(4‬‬ ‫)( ‪– 3‬‬
‫‬
‫)‪ + 4 (#‬‬ ‫)!( ‪ +‬‬ ‫)( ‪% # +‬‬
‫‬
‫)'( " – " هـ ‪" +‬‬ ‫)‪ – % – % ($‬‬
‫ ‬
‫)‪3 – 3 + 3 (/‬‬ ‫)‪1 + + ( (+‬‬
‫ ‬
‫)( '‪4 3 + (3 – 3‬‬ ‫)( ‪ %# + % – % #‬‬
‫ * ‪ (/ ) $ -.( :‬‬

‫ ‪: ( /)$‬‬
‫ ‪: (" ) – L (" ) F: 3< A ZB‬‬
‫‪: (= 07‬‬
‫) "( ‪/ = [(" ) ] +‬‬
‫=( ‪/ = ( ") + (" ) :‬‬
‫∴ ) "( = )" (‬
‫
‪:‬‬
‫)( ‪(+ !) = ! – +‬‬
‫)( ) ( = ) (‬
‫)( )‪ – $‬هـ( = )هـ ‪($‬‬
‫‬
‫ )‪(0‬‬
‫)'‪(12‬‬
‫‪: !" #‬‬
‫(‬ ‫‬ ‫)( ) ( = )‬
‫(‬ ‫)( هـ ‪) = 3‬‬
‫= ) ‪(4 1‬‬ ‫‬ ‫) (‬
‫(‬ ‫)‪$‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫) ( " ‬
‫‪(+‬‬ ‫ هـ = )‬ ‫) !(‬
‫ ‪: &' ( )*+ "% : +‬‬

‫ ‪:
" $ :‬‬
‫) ‪( + ) " + ( +‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫ )" ‪ + ( +‬هـ ) ‪(" +‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫ ) "( ‪( ") +‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫)" ‪) ( + ") + ( +‬هـ ‪( +‬‬ ‫)‪(%‬‬
‫ ‪:‬‬
‫) ‪(> (" + ) ( + ) = ( + ) " + ( +‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫ ‪. (32 (: WU + 1‬‬
‫‬
‫ )" ‪ + ( +‬هـ ) ‪(" +‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫= )" ‪ + ) ( +‬هـ( >( " ‪1 7 L " + = +‬‬
‫ ‪. WU‬‬
‫ ) "( ‪( ") +‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫= ) "( ‪[(" ) ] +‬‬
‫= ) "( – ) "(‬
‫= ) "( ) (‬
‫)" ‪) ( + ") + ( +‬هـ ‪( +‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫= )" ‪ + ) ( +‬هـ ‪( +‬‬
‫= )" ‪) ( +‬هـ ‪( +‬‬
‫ )‪(3‬‬
‫ "! ‪:‬‬
‫") ‪(! + ) + (! +‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪( + " ) – (" + ) #‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫ ) – هـ( ‪) +‬هـ (‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪ ( ) $‬أ) (‬ ‫) (‬
‫ ) "( ‪ +‬هـ )" (‬ ‫)! (‬
‫‪٢ + (" ) #‬هـ ) "(‬ ‫)‪( #‬‬
‫) ( – " ) (‬ ‫)‪( $‬‬
‫هـ ) ‪( – % ) + (%‬‬ ‫)' (‬
‫‬
: 4+ "% : +
: = 2 A 3< 12 B %) 0B ]E
"%–%+"–
S F: 3< KL 332 (: WU 1 7 3 1L *
– F: 3< F32 (: WU 1 7 3 1L *
S L S "
– % F: 3< F32 (: WU 1 7 3 1L *
S L S " %
= (" % – %) + (" – ) ∴
= (" ) % + (" )
( % + ) ( " )
. & ) : 12 , 12 ( TB KL
% + " – F: 3< 12 _ ? W`BL 1L
S L S " % –
: ()
% – % + – 12
:
( % – %) + ( – ) = % – % + –
( ) % + ( ) =
(% + ) ( ) =

: (')
:
% # + % – + – #
:
% # + % – + – #
(% # % ) – ( + – #) =
( – )% – ( – ) =
(% – ) ( – ) =
< Y () Y 3B7 BC 9) AE Z2V
S K 5 %# – 9 AE %#+ 32 %=
: (()
3 – + 3 ‫ ـ ـ‬:
:
(3 ) + (3 ‫ = ) ـ ـ‬3 – + 3 ‫ ـ ـ‬
(3 – ) + (3 ) ‫= ـ‬
( + ‫( )ـ‬3 ) =
: (%)
3 + ‫ ـ‬% – 3 % ‫ ـ‬:
:
= 3 + ‫ ـ‬% – 3 % ‫ ـ‬

‫) ـ ‪ % + 3 %) – (3 +‬ـ( =‬
‫ )ـ ‪ + 3) % – (3 +‬ـ( =‬
‫)ـ ‪(% ) (3 +‬‬
‫ ))( ‪:‬‬
‫ ‪ + " – :‬هـ " – هـ ‬
‫ ‪:‬‬
‫ – " ‪ +‬هـ " – هـ ‬
‫) – "( ‪ ) +‬هـ " – هـ ( =‬
‫ ) "( ‪ +‬هـ )" ( =‬
‫ ) "( – هـ ) "( =‬
‫) "( ) – هـ(‬
‫ )‪(5‬‬
‫‪: = 2 : 3< 12‬‬
‫ ‪ + % +‬ـ ‪ % +‬ـ‬ ‫) (‬
‫ ‪" + + " +‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫ ‪ +‬ـ ! – ! ـ‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪"+%+"%+‬‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪٢‬‬
‫ ـ‪ % + 3 % + 3 + ٢‬ـ‬ ‫)! (‬
‫ ‪" – % + " – %‬‬ ‫)‪( #‬‬
‫
‬
( ") ‫) "( – هـ‬ ( $)
( $ – " ( + 4 " – 4$ ( ')
3 – 3 + – ( +)
(# – % (# + % – (/)
– % – % + ()
:
,
* - $ : * +
: : 3< ,- ZB:
+ " + " () + ( )
– + + ()
– –
(/ ≠ ) ‫ هـ‬+ ... + " ‫ ـ‬+ " % + " ()
( ()
AE 5 " L 32 J ,7 F2 GB = ( Z2B
3< 0B 1<B L J := ( 3B 1> 3<
L " J := ( 3B ABC AE 5 ,> 3 ( F:
:= ( 3B DC AE 5 BC 3 ( F: 3< GE WK ()
AE 5 CC 3 ( F: 3< GE WK () L J
( F: 3< GE WK ( L " J := ( 3B ?:
32 J
K : 3< 3 ( ,- "B ( 3
. J WK + ./ ,

3 ( F: 3< (! + + +) F: 3<
33 L 1 5 + 33 L 1 ( Z2V 5 BC
. ( A 32
:C 32 I) 32 L ! 33 ( 1<B
12' ()

5 1 4C 5 : 3< ( 1= 3 =K
: ( 1= AE I) 32 5 1
– + () – $ – ()

– ( ) – $ – ()
( 4 + ((+4) + (#) – (!)
( 4 – ((+4) – ($)
6 78 $ "% : +

: 9%: % (
: 0
: W=H AE
× + + + = ( + ) ( + )
# + ! + =
? 12 L ! ( Z2V
( + ) ( + ) = # + ! + ∴

BC 3 3< B2 3R (=B
4= . ( + ) 5 ( + ) L ( 7 ,- # + ! +
S 1 F

+ ! + = ( + ) ( + ) 6

: L + ! + 3< (= 07
( + ) ( + )
: 1#

– – # = ( + ) ( )

: *23
L ( 7 ,- ( – – #) 12 ( + ) ( )
( + ) 5 ( )
: (
: (aE ( 5 4 (= K-
( 4 + ( + 4 + = (( + ) (4 + )
( 4 + (( + 4) +
: 3< (aE 07
(( + ) 5 (4 + ) L ( 7 ,- 12 ( 4 + (( + 4) +

: F: 3< : ( (KL R7
S ( 4 + ( ( + 4) +
( × 4 = I) 32 ( ( + 4 = 1 ( Z2B
D2:B + $ + F: 3< 12B ( B3 K- WK
I) 32 12B F $ G7 G:6 12 ( 7 (7
. 1 F G7 ( 7 ,-
( ) ( ) = + $ +
= I) 32 ∴
× =
¯× + ¯ =
#×=
# ¯ × ¯ =
×=
¯ × ¯ =
5 GB 3BE $ G7 (= (K ( (7 D2:B 4C
: (=E
( + ) ( + ) = + $ +
: ()
+ / + 12
. / G G:6 12 ( 7 (7 D2:B

= I) 32
× =
¯× ¯ =
× =
¯ × ¯ =
'×=
' ¯ × ¯ =
#×=
# ¯ × ¯ =
S / G7 ( K (
(# + ) ( + ) = + / + ∴
: (')
' – $ + 12
:
'¯ G:6 12 $ G7 ( 7 (7 D2:B
' × ¯ = '
'¯× =
× +¯ =
+ × ¯ =
# × ¯ =
#¯ × =

S $ G7 (K ( K
( ) (+ + ) = ' $ + ∴
: (()
# – ! – 12
:
#¯ G:6 12 !¯ G7 ( 7 (7 D2:B
# × ¯ = #¯
#¯× =
' × ¯ =
'¯ × =
× ¯ =
¯ × =
+ × ¯ =
+¯ × =
# × #¯ =
+¯ 5 L ( ( 3B
(+ ) ( + ) = # ! ∴
: (%)
/ + – 12
/ G:6 12 ¯ G7 ( 7 (7 D2:B

/ × = /
/¯× ¯=
! × =
!¯ × ¯ =
/ × =
/¯ × ¯ =
#×!=
# ¯ × !¯ =
S ¯ G7 ( K (
(#) (!) = / + –
O6 L = <7 ( 3 (= %3 ( 3 3:

: C >:
: ())
+ + 12
:
5 ' L G7 G:6 12 ( K ( 33
( + ) (' + ) = + + ∴
: 4$
+ + = ( + ) (' + )

: (5)
! 12
:
L ¯ G7 !¯ G:6 12 ( K (
! 5 $¯
(! + ) ($ ) = ! – – ∴
: (6)
:
! + # + ( )
# + ' ( )
/ + – ( )

"# + " ! – ( )
:
( + ) (! + ) = ! + # + ( )
( ) ( ) = # + ' ( )

( ) =
(/ + – ) = / + – ( )
( ) (/ – ) =
(" – ) (" ) = "# + " ! – ( )

(;)
: !/
+ ! + () # + ! + ()
# – – () – + ()
+ 1/ – 1 (#) # – 3! – 3 (!)
#/ – $ – (') / ‫ ـ‬+ ‫( ـ‬$)
' + # + (/) '/ – + (+)

– + ! () " + " + ()

"+ + " # + ()
: !662 6 : '(

/ = ‫ ـ‬+ % + ): ACC 3< 12 (= c= BE7
(( + ) 5 (4 + ) : TB ( ( 7 ,- 12 :R (= K-
( ,- 2 (= C + + 3< E
: ( X ( 7 L (' + ) 5 ( + )
: 1C 3< (=
12 ( 3B ! + "/ – " 5 + + # +
NB ABC 12 5 ( + ) 5 ( + ) : ( 0B7 NB 1>
(= (2 = AE (! ") 5 (! ") : ( 0B7
. =
: , 3< QKL 1C ( (

( + ) ( + ) = + + # + : 1> 3< E

( + ) =
(! ") (! ") = ! + "/ – " : ABC 3<

(! ") =
, ( ( 7 %6 12= 0:= (= 3< FME
. = :
× 9 AE 0:= (= 0B> 1 = ?: 3< E

9 AE 0:= (= 0B> 1 = ?: " 3< WK=
. " × "
(" + ) (7 9:7 0B> 1 = ?: ("+ ) 3<
. (" + )
: (> 1 = ?: (" #)+ 3<

(" #)+ = ("#) × (" #)
S K S 1 = ?: ( + )$ 3< 1L
: # & #7

L 0==H ( 3B (" + ) 1 = ?: 3< BK K-

" + " + " +

" + " + =

" + " + 0==H (" + ) B< :

(" + ) 9 ,7 FK 1 = ?: W=H ( 3B
32 . " × × 0E ABC 32 5 1> Q32 5 ACC 3<

" DC

% + % × × + = (% + ) 1C :

%+%+=

$ + × $ × + = ($ + ) WK=
+ + + =

((#¯) + ) = (# ) 3<

(#¯) + × (#¯) + =
# + – =
:
89
= ((!, ) ± (: ))

(!, ) + !, × : ×' ± (: )

> + > +' ± + = (> ± +) -
: ()
: #7

( ") (%) (++)()

( – ) (‫)ـ‬

:

+ + × + × + = (+ + ) ( )
' + ' + =
# + " × – " = ( ") (%)
# + "' – " =
+ + – = ( ) (‫)ـ‬
: (')
. 1 = ?: W=H 3 () R 3
:

+ × / × + / = ( + /) = ()
+# = + #/ + +// =
(<)
S K S =
: 3< F ()

( ) (‫)ـ‬ # (%) " ()

(# ) ( ) (% ) (‫)هـ‬ %! ( 3 )
: A W=H 3 ()

(/ + ") (‫)ـ‬ ( ") (%) ( + ) ( )

( – ") ( ) ( + ) (%) ($ ) ( 3 )

: 1 = ?: W=H A R 3 ()

(+) (‫)ـ‬ (!) (%) () ( )

(++) (‫)هـ‬ () (3)
: 6 68 = : '# $%

(% + ) ACC 1 = ?: W=H 3- 3B7 BZ2V

% + % + = (% + ) (

% + % = (% ) WK=
F W=H ( NB ACC 3< AE 1> 32 ( F
F W=H AE ABC 32 ( . < AE 1> 32 ?:
(32 (: 9Ud: :2 < AE (32 %6 12 c6
( F . < AE ABC 32 ?: F DC 32 ( < AE
Q32 1 = ?: DC Q32 1 = ?: 1> Q32 ACC 3< F
AE 1> 32 K %6 12 c6 F )> Q32 ABC
. 1 = ?: L DC 32 K
: (> 1 = ?: # + ' – 3< E
QK 1 = ?: 1> Q32
QK 1 = ?: # DC Q32
# × × F )> Q32
' = × × =

: ()
. 1 = ?: + + 3< 1L
:
QK 1 = ?: 1> 32
QK 1 = ?: DC 32
= × × = )> 32
. 1 = ?: 3< ∴
: (')
: NB (= + + 3< 0E6 (= FK 32 3
. =
:
: ( = (: + 5 (32 ( :
+ = DC 32 5 = 1> 32 : ( (= ∴
F FK )> 32 L 0E6- (= FK 32
# = × = + × ×
# L 0E6- % FK 32 ∴
: (()
B (= " + " 3< 0E6- % FK 32
. = :

:
(= DC 32 (aE 5 (3 )> 1> (32 ( :
: A = Q3d 937R ,7 12
DC 32 × 1> 32 × = )> 32 ( :
‫∴ ا ا = ا او‬
‫× ا اول‬٢

‫ا او‬
= DC 32 : (E) ?:: ∴
‫× ا اول‬٢

# = × = DC 32 ∴
# L 0E6 % FK DC 32
:
?@
)> ( 32 47 K- 1> 32 3- 2 AE 1C :
: (= DC

= 1> 32
:
(= " + + " + ............ : 3< 1 =
. = : NB

‫‬ ‫‬ ‫ ‪:‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫ ‬
‫=‬ ‫‬
‫ ‪= 3<H 32‬‬
‫‬ ‫ ‬
‫‬
‫= )( = ‬
‫‬
‫∴ ‪"+ + " +‬‬
‫ )>(‬
‫)( ‪: =
: 3< F‬‬
‫)‪// + (/ – ( (%‬‬ ‫) ( ‪# + ' +‬‬
‫)‪# + / + (3‬‬ ‫)ـ( ( ‪# +‬‬

‫‬
‫)( ‪ + +‬‬ ‫)هـ( ‪ – 1 – 1‬‬
‫‬
‫)‪" + " + (e‬‬ ‫‬
‫)( هـ‪ – ٢‬هـ ‪! +‬‬
‫)( * > =( ‪: = : 3< (= D2:‬‬
‫)‪+ ' – (%‬‬ ‫) ( ‪+ +‬‬
‫)‪ (3‬هـ ‪٢٠‬هـ ‪+‬‬ ‫)ـ( " ‪+ " +‬‬
‫ ( ‪+ +‬‬ ‫)(‬ ‫‪! +‬‬ ‫)هـ( ‪+‬‬

‫‬
‫‪"+‬‬ ‫)‪ (e‬هـ ‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫)( ‪+ ٢‬‬
‫ ‬
: 6 "% : '#
3: 02 1G 5 1 = ?: ACC 3< ( E 3 :
0==H (" ± ) 0 AE 3< (: R BE7 BB> WK

" + " ± 9 ,7 FK

( + ) L 02 + + # + 3< E

( ) L 02 + + – 3<
1:R V 1 = ?: ACC 3< ( 3=M % 0B Z2>
1> 32 ) = 2 QKL AE 02 (= 5 9 QKL ,7 02
. )> 32 9U- ?: (< 1 3 9Ud 5 ( DC 32 ±
: ()
: 3< 12
+ –
:
× × ( :
)> 32 = = × =
1 = ?: 3< ∴

( ) = + – ∴

: (')
+ + ' + : 3< 12
:
$ × × = + × × ( :
)> 32 = 5 ' =
1 = ?: 3< ∴

($ + ) = + + ' + ∴
()
: 3< 1f2
+ + (# – ( () # + ' + ()
+ + () + " – " ()
+ – (#)
" + " + (!)
( ?2 "% : '#

(" ) 5 (" + ) 9 ,7 ( 3< BK K-
: G:6 12 B3
(" )" + (" ) = (" ) (" + )

" – " + " – =

" –
(" + ) (" ) = " – ∴

= : F: 3< AE 1> 32 (= K- 0B Z2>
3< (aE GB: () 9Ud 3 6 = : ABC 32
: A= (= 2 QKL AE 02 (: (: IE 9 AE (=
(" + ) (" ) = " –
: ()
! – ( : 3< 12
:

! – ( = ! – (
(! + ( )( ! – ( ) =
: (')
# – ( : 12
:
( # + ( )( # – ( ) = # – (
: (()
+ – : 12
:

$ () = + –
($ + )( $ – ) =

: (%)

' – !/ : 12
:
( – ! ) = ' – !/
( () – ! ) =
( + !)( ! ) =
()
: A 12 ()

( – 4 (%) # – ( ( )

% – # (3) – (Y)

() – " (‫)هـ‬

' – ()
: (: (: IH 9: A (7 g:7 ()
( # – )( # + ) (%) ( – ( )( + ( ) ( )
( + 4)( – 4) ( 3 ) (/ + )(/ – ) (Y)
(‫ هـ‬+ ( )(‫)( ) ( – هـ‬ (! + 1)(! – 1) (‫)هـ‬
: ( ?2 "% : '#

: ()
: A 12
– ( + )
:

– ( + ) = – ( + )
[ + + ] [ – + ] =
( + ) ( – ) =
: (')

(! + ) – // : 12
:

(! + ) – / = (! + ) – //
[(! + ) + /] [(! + ) – /] =
[ ! + + / ] [ ! – – / ] =
( + ! ) ( – ! ) =
: (()

( – ) – ( + ) : 12
: 12
[( – ) – ( + )] = ( – ) – (+)
[( – ) + ( + )]
( – + + ) ( + – + ) =
( + ) ( – ) =
( + ) × ( – ) =
( + ) ( – ) =

(,)
: = 2 A 12

– ( + ) (%) – ( + ) ( )

( !) – ( 3 ) ( ) – (‫)ـ‬

(( 4) – (( + 4) ( )
() – ( + ) (‫)هـ‬
(" ) – (" – ) ( )
: * * 47 . A$B : + +

: ()
. 3 %6 1 (3: × + R 3
:
( + /) ( /) = × +

– / =
!++ = – #// =
: (')
. 3 %6 1 (3: × ' R 3
:
( + /) ( /) = × '

– / =
+# = – // =

: (()

+' ++ R 3
:
(+' + ++) (+' ++) = +' ++
++$ = ++$ × =
(0)
: R 3 3 %6 ; - (3: ()
× ' (%) × $ ( )
++ × / ( 3 ) ! × ' (‫)ـ‬
(!) (+) ( ) × $ (‫)هـ‬
: A R 3 ()

(#$'') – (#$'+) ( )

(!$/) – (!$) (%)

(+) – (+) (‫)ـ‬
(6 ?@ A : '# +

3< AE QB:6 (" + " – ) 3< BK K-
: ,7 12B BBME (" + ) (= _
= (" + " – ) (" + )
(" + " – )" + ( " + " – )

" + " – " + " + " – =

" + =
(" + " – ) (" + ) = " : ( F
AE QB:6 (" + " + ) 3< BK K- WK=
: ,7 12B " – 3<
= (" + " + ) (" )
(" + " + )" ( " + " + )

" " – " " + " + =

" =
(" + " + ) (" ) = " : ( F
(=E 5 " %= " 5 %= 1C 32 ,7 I)B

" 3< WK= (:= T L 5 " + 3<
*# 43 C
WK= 12 1:R X " + " – 3< ( :

" + " + 3<
(:= T 12 (aE
(" + " – ) (" + ) = " +
: (:= IE 12 WK=
(" + " + ) (" ) = "

T 9 ,7 06 (= K- 3< F 12 (= KG:
: 937< : GB: IH (:=
= (!,) ± (:)

(!, + !, × : ± :) (!, ± :)
(> + > +
+) (> ± +) > ± + -
9Ud 0:U > c) ( 1> < AE 9Uh Z2V
9Ud c ABC < ( ABC 32 9U- (:= (32 (:
. (:= (32 (:
: ()
: AM 12

" + # ( )
– $ (%)

"' + (‫)ـ‬
:

" + = " + # ( )
(" + " – ) (" + ) =
(" + " – #) (" + ) =

() = – $ (%)
( + × + ()) ( ) =
( + + +) ( ) =

(") + = "' + (‫)ـ‬
(" + " – ) (" + ) =
(3 )
: AM 1f2
– ( )

' + $ ( )
$ + # ( )

"$ – ( )
– ‫ـ‬3 ( !)

# – T ( #)

+ ( $)

‫
‬
‫(‬ ‫)(

) ‬
‫) ( ‪ – = +‬‬
‫)"( – ‪ + = #‬‬
‫)ـ( ‪ – = +‬‬
‫) ( – ‪ – = $‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫= ‪%‬‬ ‫‬ ‫)هـ( ‪+‬‬
‫) ( ) ( = ) ‪( +‬‬

‫) ( (' & *)
‪:‬‬
‫) ( – ‬
‫)"( ‪ + , + ,‬‬
‫)ـ( ‪ – +‬‬
‫) ( هـ‪ + ٢‬هـ ‬
‫)هـ( ‪- + $ +‬‬
‫) ( ‪- + , – ,‬‬
‫) ‪ ( ) ( .‬‬
‫‬
: :
78 6 / 0( 12 /345 5

7/( )75 ; 6
89
) /: /(
) 0(
75 .

4 6 <
:

>)? 0(
% ≠ @ % = ‫ ـ‬+ ‫ " س‬+
.
( ‫ ـ‬6 " 6 6 / <
. A(3 ‫ ـ‬6 " 6 04
:

6 % = " × 12 B8 C ,D E(8 8

% = " = % = " % = 2 B8 G8 1< 6 "6
7 7 G7H ;)5 )* ; 8(( 12 B8 B(
. )H? ;4 )*
I J)H? ;4 B(
:
% = " % = L7: % = ; × ... × K × " × 12

% = ; ... % = K
L7: ( ) % = + 7 12 B78 J*574 8:)
{ } G<
M1<

P

12 •
% = ( ) ( + ) 12 B8 8:) % = ( )( + )

¯ = G8 1< % = + 2 : Q848 88L:
= G8 1< % = –
% = ( ) ( + ) L: = ¯ = 12 ;
% = ( ) ( + )

∴
{ 6 ¯ } = { } ∪ { ¯ } G<
: ()
:

6 12
% = ( + ) ( )
:
% = ( + ) ( )
= 6 % = – 2 ∴
¯ = 6 % = +
{ ¯ 6 } =
∴
: ()
:

% = (# + ) ( + )
:
% = (# + ) ( + )
¯ = 6 % = + 2 ∴
#¯ = 6 % = # +
{ #¯ 6 ¯ } =
∴

()
:
( A(3 6 6 " ()
% = – + ( )
% = + – (")
% = + (‫)ـ‬
% = + + ( )
:

( )
( )
% = ( + ) ( ) ( )
% = ( ) ( + ) (")
% = ( ) ( ) (‫)ـ‬
% = ( ) ( + ) ( )
% = ( + ) (# + ) (‫)هـ‬
: :

G C
2 B5 ?*
89
)

. /(
; 6
** )T 5 /8 U 8S
:

% = – +
G: J5 8S 12
% = – × + = C V)3 8

12 .
M1/ <
A* W15
: 8
H8 G: J5 ¯ 8S
% = – – X = – (¯ ) + (¯ ) = C V)3
.
M1/ J& JS < ¯
A* 15
.

*
E4 ED48 J)9
X = – X + = C V)3 G: J5 8S 12
.
( &
A* 8<
>7 Y)84
89
)
A)3 >
!
789
7)
7
*)3 04 A)3 M1<
. /: G 3*: 884
: G<
(
>)? 8 ;
% = ‫ ـ‬+ " +
: "# $! %" &' (
.
)H?
02
8 ()
/8 ( 02 C V)3 G: )* (8 ( )
. 0C
)
. )H?5 0C
) ;48 ()
. 8 0C
) G 8 ()

: ()
% = X – +

:
% = ( ) ( + ) :
( C V)3 (5
¯ = /8 6 % = + 2 ∴
= /8 6 %= –
6 ¯ < )1 &
( ∴
Y
G:
G< { 6 ¯ }

C Z34 (: )D[ )1 ; 12

. 3*: )1
89
)
: ()
( )

;)1
% = X + # –
:
: C V)3 (
% = ( ) (X )
X = /8 6 % = X 2 ∴
= /8 6 %=–
6 X < )1 &
( ∴

( )
: G:

% = + + ()
% = – – ( )
= – ()
% = X + # + ()
% = % – + ()
% = + – (X)
X = X – (#)
: G:
;)1
+ = (-)
= + ($)
% = + $ – (%)
: " : !

= ‫ ـ‬+ " + 7 / 1
89
)
*8
6 J)H7? ;4 ‫ ( " ـ‬12
)
/8%
. J&/4
< G:
% = ‫ ـ‬: 0C
*
: >)? 0(

M1< G:
% = " +
% = (" + ) : ] 02 (

"¯ = /8 6 % = " + % = : < &
{ "¯ 6 % } =
∴
% = " :
89
*

89 >)? 0(

M1< G:
% = ‫ ـ‬+
‫ = ¯ـ‬
0( ?8 :)3( G5) )1 K)D45
.
)1 < 8 ‫ ـ‬± =
: ()
:

(5
% = # –
:
% = # –
% = (# )
% = # – % = 2 ∴
# = /8
{ # 6 % } =
∴
: ()
:
;)1
% = $ –
( )

:
% = $ –
$ = ∴
$ ±=∴
¯ 6
)1 ∴
: (*)
:

% = –
:
% = –
= ∴
± = ±=∴
{ ¯ 6 }
∴
: (+)
:

% = +
( )
:
¯ = 6 % = +
5) G** B8C G:

(4

. "4
∅ =
∴

(#)
:

( )
% = $ – ()
% = # + ( )
% = - – ()
% = X – ()
% = + ()
% = – (X)
% = – # (#)
% = + (-)
&' ( ) * : $%
: +& ,-.
6 E < <)T
89
)
)1 12
= E = G8 1/:
% = – 6 % = E – /8
% = ( ) (E ) : G8 1<
>)? 0( ?8 C V)3 WH 2 8

% = E + E – – : /H @
89
)

% = E + ( + E) – ;

: G(
/)? G:
8
85 12
% = ‫ ـ‬+ " +
: 8 6 = @
@ ;4
;)1 Z ? "4 ()
.
G: )T <
. A(3 ;4
;)1 ")S ? ( )
:

(9C G: <)1 E( 12
12
: ()
¯ 6 < /)1 ( 12

89
)

. <)T
:
= )17 Z7 ? L:
;)1 ¯ 6 12
= ¯ +
¯ = ∴
¯ = × ¯ = )1 )S ?
¯ = A(3 ∴
% = – – G<
∴
: #,
.
)1 < ¯ 6 B8 5
¯ = = ∴

% = + %=–∴
% = ( + ) ( ) ∴
% = – – + ∴
% = – –
∴
: ()
{ # 6 } /
G

:

5(3
G: / Y)H5
# = 6 =∴
% = # – % = – ∴
% = (# ) ( ) ∴
% = + % – ∴
: (*)
¯ 6 ¯ /)1 G

:
, <
G: / Y)H8
¯ 6 ¯ <
;)1 5
X¯ = ¯ + ¯ = )1 Z ? ∴
X = , ∴
= ¯ × ¯ = )1 ")S ?

= A(3 ∴
% = + ,X + ,
∴
: (+)
6 7< % = % – " +
;)1 12
. "
I E9 6 )D )1
:
E < )D )1 Y)H8
%¯ = E ∴
%¯ = E ∴
%¯ = )D )1 ;
)1 Z ? "4 = "
- = (-¯ )¯ = ( + %¯ ) =
(/)
. 6 ¯ <)1 G
89
)
()
6 ¯ <)1 G
( )
/8
I 4 <)1 G
()
#¯ /8
I 4 <)1 G
()
")S ? Z ? :
( 5 ()
: G^ G: )1
% = - – - + ( )

– X = (")
= – (‫)ـ‬
< % = X + W +
;)1 12 (X)
. W
I )D )1
)17 < /)1 % = ‫ ـ‬+ +
(#)
. ‫
ـ‬I )D
:
)1 12 6 E
I (-)
$6 < % = E + ( + ) +

:

( )
% = $ + X + ( ) % = X + # – ()
% = – () % = – ()
% = – + ¯ (X) ¯ = – ()
- = ( ) (-) % = - + – (#)
: G^ /
G
(")
{ 6 } (%) { 6 X } ($ )
{ ¯ 6 % } ( ) { #¯ 6 ¯ } ()
{ 6 } ()

;)1 ( 12 (‫)ـ‬

I 6 ¯ 6 ¯ < % = ( ) – ( E) –
6 E

‫ ‪: :‬‬
‫• ‪
:‬‬
‫ )(
)"! ( ‪.‬‬
‫• ‪ $ %" $ :‬‬
‫
'& ‪. &'
() *+‬‬
‫• ‪ $ $ %" $ :‬‬
‫
‬
‫‬
‫
'& ‪.‬‬
‫ ‬
‫‬
‫آ‬
‫• ‪. $ *, &'
:‬‬
‫‬
‫• ‪. &'
() * -$ .$‬‬
‫ )
(‬
‫• & ‪. &'
$- /‬‬
‫• ‪01 $ &"- &'
- / :‬‬
‫"‪. $1 2‬‬
‫• ‪ $ &"- &'
- / :‬‬
‫‪. 01‬‬
‫• ! ‪&'
4+ 3$ $ :‬‬
‫‪. $1 2" )5‬‬
‫• !" ‪&'
() 4+ 3$ $ :‬‬
‫‪. &'
)5‬‬
‫‬
‫ )(‬
‫هـ‬ ‫) ‪$ , &'
. ( +‬‬
‫)‪%+ % (:98) %7 (6‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫< ; ‪: $‬‬
‫‪................. = + ($ 9‬‬
‫ـ‬ ‫‬
‫‪ + ($ 9‬ـ ‪.................‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪
+ ($ 9‬ـ ‪...............‬‬
‫‪(:98) %7‬‬ ‫)‪=+ (:98) %7 02 (:‬‬
‫ )( ‪: >$‬‬
‫‪? , ? = + % 9‬‬
‫‪ + % 9‬هـ = ‪? , ? 01‬‬
‫‪
% 9‬ـ = ‪? , ? 01‬‬
‫ـ‬ ‫‪? &'
!" + 1 ,+ 9‬‬
‫)=( ‪A % (@98) %7 %‬‬

‫‬ ‫‪: &'
. ,B‬‬
‫‪, $'
1 %)C‬‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪, $'
1 %)C‬‬ ‫)‪(:‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫ ) ‪(#‬‬
‫‬
. F$) &>7 0 ,+ $ $ . (@)
. F$) &>7 0 ,+ $$- $ . (G)
. 0 02 () &>7 I+ $$- $ .+ (H)
. = . + $ $ F$) &>7 0 ,+ (D)
:

: &!
$ $ $ <, < 1 (B &'
1 ,B
1 @D () %"- J °6E * $ $ $1 <
+
°@DE $ K L $'
K1 % 01 % +

F$) $ < M, 01+
, &'
6E *+ (&'
$-) &'
6 *$
@DE @D
: + N
$ $ 0 %
@DE = &'
$-
!
. "! × #$% = : *+
: (
) (!
‫* ـ‬$ = + ,B . &'

‫ هـ = = ـ‬+ + <+

‫" ‪:‬‬
‫‬ ‫ ∆ ‪ ∆ . = +‬ـ
‪.‬‬
‫‬
‫‬ ‫‪ = = +‬ـ
) ( (‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ = . +‬ـ ‪ . ( $1 2" ) .‬هـ‬
‫= ‪. ( $1 2" ) .
= .‬‬
‫)‪. (Q Q Q‬‬ ‫) ‬
‫ـ‬
‫‬ ‫∴ ‪0 = 0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪ +‬هـ = = ‪× π × . + :‬‬
‫‪@DE‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫ـ
= ‪ :‬ـ ‪× π × .‬‬
‫‪@DE‬‬
‫‬‫‪0‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫ ‪ = . + : +‬ـ ‪0 .‬‬
‫∴ ‪ +‬هـ = = ـ
‬
‫‪: *+ , -.‬‬
‫‪ 23 +) &01 23 0! /‬‬
‫!‪. 0! 40+ (0‬‬
‫!( )‪: (6‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫ ‪: ,B % (G98) %7‬‬
‫‬
‫‬ ‫‪ + &'
.‬هـ = = ـ
‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫هـ‬
‫‪ = = + + <+‬ـ
‪.‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‬
‫ ) )(‬
‫
‬
: "
0
× π × . + : = = ‫ هـ‬+
@DE
0
@DE × π × . ‫ ـ‬: =
‫ـ‬
($1 2") . ‫ = ـ‬. +
(()
R = = +
0 = 0 ∴
.
‫ ∆ ـ‬. = + ∆
(42 &'
$1 2") . ‫ = ـ‬. +
(42 &'
$1 2") .
= . =
() 0 = 0
(Q Q) ) ∴

‫ = = ـ‬+ ∴
: +
,
&01 23 0! /
. 0! + & ( 0! 23 + )
: (
) 8 : 7(
* !9 ! - :0!
. ;<= 4!=

‫!; ‪:‬‬
‫
'& ‪ .‬ـ "! ‪. = +‬‬
‫!<> @(‪: ?9‬‬
‫‪=+‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ـ‬
‫‬ ‫"‪. = . + %‬‬
‫‪: *. 9‬‬
‫‬ ‫ ∆ ‪ +‬ـ ‪ = ∆ .‬ـ ‪.‬‬
‫ـ‬ ‫‬
‫)((‬ ‫‪ +‬ـ = = ـ‬
‫)"‪($1 2‬‬ ‫‪.==.+‬‬
‫)‪(A 7‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ـ = ‪ .‬ـ‬
‫∴ ) )‪(Q Q Q‬‬
‫= ـ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ +‬ـ ‪= .‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫= ـ ‪($ $) °6SE = .‬‬ ‫‪ +‬ـ ‪+ .‬‬ ‫*‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‪ +‬ـ ‪8E = 6SE = .‬‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫‪=+‬‬ ‫∴ ‪ .‬ـ‬
‫ ‪: ()

:‬‬
‫! !* ! =<; ‪.‬‬
‫!; ‪:‬‬
‫
'& ‪ .‬‬
‫‪=+‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ـ‬
‫‬
‫!<> @(‪: ?9‬‬
‫
‪ .‬ـ ‪= + !"$‬‬
‫‬
‫! ‪:‬‬
‫"‪= . + . %‬‬
‫‬ ‫ـ‬
‫‬ ‫‪: *. 9‬‬
‫ ∆ ‪ +‬ـ ‪ = ∆ .‬ـ ‪.‬‬
‫‪(1 2") . = = . +‬‬
‫= ـ ‪(() °8E = .‬‬ ‫‪ +‬ـ ‪= .‬‬
‫‪ .‬ـ = ‪ .‬ـ )‪(A 7‬‬
‫∴ ) )‪(U Q‬‬
‫∴ ‪ +‬ـ = = ـ‬
‫
‪ .‬ـ ‪= + !"$‬‬
‫‪: ,‬‬
‫! ! ‪. !9 ! 23 /‬‬
‫!( )
( ‪:‬‬
‫‪(
- *+)
- $ '
.$ 3$‬‬
‫ ‪A = . % + <+ . . V" A %‬‬
‫‬
: "
: ;!
% (H 9 8) %7 $ '
K
. &
- () A . %
: ?9(@ ><!
A=.%
: !

A% 0 K .+
A 0 . %
: *. 9
(% ) A % 0K
(A ) (6) ($C) 0 A = 0 % ∴
: V" &'

(% ) . 0K
(:) ($C) 0 = 0 . ∴
: +
(6) (:) W
0–0A=0.–0%
A=.%∴
()
.H 1 !" &'
.@
() = + (6)
. % =-+

=-+ .:,S &'

$ .G,: F (:)
. &'
1 !"
% .@Z 1 !" &'
. ,B (@)
..=+ - =-+ .:G = = +
‫ ـ‬+ ()
. &'
‫ ـ‬+ 1 = + (G)
.
. : = ‫ = ـ‬: + <+ ‫ ـ‬+ ()
. [$-
.H M
.:G F &'
= + (H)
=-+ .6: M
&'
02 I\
‫ـ‬
.
‫ ـ‬%
$ . &'

‫ = ـ‬+ (D)
.
‫ "! ـ‬K = + !" ] + .) ,J 0
. %$ ] . K 0 %7 + <+
: :

: *0! ! *= !&9 *C3 23 * B0 -@ +
: D!
‫ـ‬ . &'

‫ = = ـ‬+

] 0 : ?9(@ ><!
]. = 0.

: !
. ‫ ـ‬. + %"
: *. 9
=+ 0 . +

( %
$C) = + = 0 + ∴

‫ ـ ] = ـ‬42 $
(()
‫ = = ـ‬+
] ‫ = ـ‬0 + ∴
. ] ‫ ∆ ـ‬. 0 + ∆
() ] ‫ = ـ‬0 +
($1 2") . ‫ = ـ‬. +
(() °8E = . ] ‫ـ‬ =.0+
(U Q) ) ∴
].=0.∴
: ?+ D9( *+ 4E+ F! >
* 2 *C3 ! *! * 9 B0 -@
*0!
: (!
*, .$ + <+ &'
%I
$ 3 $
. 4$ &"- $ !"$ 3 4 %"$

‫" ‪:‬‬
‫!‪: D‬‬
‫
'& )‪= + (.‬‬
‫ ـ
‪ $ $‬هـ ‪.‬‬
‫!<> @(‪: ?9‬‬
‫= هـ ـ‬ ‫‪ .‬هـ ‪!"$‬‬
‫! ‪:‬‬
‫‪=+‬‬ ‫‪0 . .+‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫ـ‬ ‫ـ
‬ ‫‪].‬‬
‫‪: *. 9‬‬

‫‬ ‫ ∆ هـ ‪ ∆ . 0‬هـ ] ‪.‬‬
‫‬
‫ ‪ = + +‬ـ
‪(() $‬‬
‫)
‪($$ $‬‬ ‫∴‪].=0.‬‬
‫)‪(A 7‬‬ ‫‪ .‬هـ = ‪ .‬هـ‬
‫هـ ] ‪(%) °8E = .‬‬ ‫هـ ‪= . 0‬‬
‫∴ ) )‪(U Q‬‬
‫‪ .‬هـ ]‬ ‫‪ .‬هـ ‪= 0‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫‪ 0‬هـ ]‬ ‫∴ ‪ .‬هـ ‪!"$‬‬
‫= هـ ـ‬ ‫∴ ‪ .‬هـ ‪!"$‬‬
‫‬
‫ )(‬
‫ـ‬ ‫)‪ &'
. % (D98) %7 (6‬‬
‫‪ = +‬ـ
‪$‬‬
‫‬
‫‪0 = + () *
% .‬‬
‫‬
‫‪ () *
A .‬ـ
]‬
‫‬
‫‪] A = 0 % + <+‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫ ) ‪($‬‬
‫)‪: (Z98) %7 (:‬‬
‫‪ = + &'
.‬ـ
‪$‬‬
‫‪ = + + <+‬ـ‬
‫)‪ = + () . &
L . :
7‬ـ
"‪( . %‬‬
‫د‬
‫
ـ‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫أ‬
‫ب‬
‫ ) ‪(G‬‬
‫)@( ‪ = +‬ـ
‪ '1 $ &'
%I
$ $‬‬
‫< ‪0^ &'
$ 2" 3 +‬‬
‫‪. 3‬‬
‫‬
,B $1_ . &'

‫ = ـ‬+
(G)
: + <+ .
= !"$ . .$

‫ = = ـ‬+
: :
: (#) 8
H
H H
HE 0H
H H
H ! H
H
. ?01 ;<= &! I! "!
‫ـ‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬

‫هـ‬
(6E98) %7 (898) %7 (S98) %7
: ;!
. &'
$- 1 () ‫ ـ‬. &'
01 =
+
: ?9(@ ><!
= ‫ ـ‬+ :==.+
: !
. ‫( هـ‬B M
. ‫ ـ‬%"

‫‪: *. 9‬‬
‫ ‪(898) %7 (S98) %7‬‬
‫ * ‪($1‬‬ ‫‪ + .‬ـ )‪ &
1 $‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ـ ‪= +‬‬
‫‪ . +‬ـ(‬ ‫‪ + .‬ـ )‪ $I‬‬ ‫‪ .‬ـ ‪+ +‬‬ ‫‪ . +‬هـ =‬
‫‪ +‬ـ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ . +‬هـ = ‪:‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫= ـ ‪.‬‬ ‫= ‪ .‬هـ = ‪:‬‬ ‫‪+
$ 02‬‬
‫‪: +
(898) %7 W (S98) %7 3‬‬
‫‪ +‬ـ =‬ ‫‪:==.+‬‬
‫‪: *+ , (
% ) 23‬‬
‫ * ‪($1‬‬ ‫ـ )‪ &
1 $‬‬ ‫==‬
‫= ـ ‪(.‬‬ ‫ـ )‪ $I‬‬ ‫=‪+‬‬ ‫‪==.+‬‬
‫ـ‬ ‫‪:==.+‬‬
‫‪ +‬ـ =‬ ‫‪:==.+‬‬
‫!( )
( ‪:‬‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ ‪: % (6698) %7‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪ +‬ـ = = ‪GE‬‬ ‫‪ &'
.‬‬
‫‬
‫
‪: $1‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪=.+‬‬ ‫‪96‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪.=+‬‬ ‫‪9:‬‬
‫ )
(‬
‫
‬
: "
(
- 01 () $$- $) = ‫ ـ‬+ :==.+
°
SE = °GE × : =
$1 * = . +
° SE96SE
HE = =.+= =.=+
:
: ,
. ! ;<= !0 ! "!
‫ـ‬
: ;!
. &'
1 = +

. &'
() ‫ـ‬
: ?9(@ ><!
°
8E = = ‫ ـ‬+
: *. 9
1 = +
($ $) °6SE = = . + ∴
6
($C) = . + = = ‫ ـ‬+
:
° 6
8E = 6SE × = = ‫ ـ‬+ ∴
:

()
. ,B !- 4$B 7 $ .$1
$ ; %7L
. &'

°

°

(@) (:) (6)

° °

40
(D) (H) (G)

°

°

°

(8) (S) (Z)
°

(6E)

‫ ‪: ()
:‬‬
‫ !" !‪. 0! " ;<= I‬‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ـ‬
‫
‬ ‫
‬
‫=‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫=‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫ ) ‪(
#‬‬ ‫ ) ‪(
6‬‬
‫!‪: D‬‬
‫‪ + () >7 =
+‬هـ = ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ +‬ـ = ‬
‫!<> @(‪: ?9‬‬
‫‪ +‬ـ =‬ ‫‪= =
+‬‬
‫! ‪:‬‬
‫"‪. = . + %‬‬
‫‪: *. 9‬‬
‫ ‪(6@98) (6:98) $)7 -5 .
I‬‬
‫‪ + () $$- $) 0: = K‬هـ =(‬
‫‪ + () $$- $) ]: = K‬هـ =(‬
‫‬
]: = 0: ∴
]=0∴
= ‫ ـ‬+ = =
+ ∴
: ,
. 0! " &, 23 ;<= I! "!
: (
) (!
&'
. % (6G98) %7
‫=
ـ‬ $1 =-+ °@E = ‫ = ـ‬+
=

°
‫ـ‬

: "
(
) ) +
(() °@E = ‫ = ـ‬+
( () $$-) °8E = = ‫أ ـ‬
( °6SE [) $ K) ( °@E + °8E ) 96SE = ‫ ـ‬+ = ∴
°
DE =
°
DE = ‫=
ـ‬ ∴

‫ )( ‪:‬‬
‫‪ = + 4 . &'
RI +‬ـ ‪
+‬هـ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ = + $) &C $ + <+‬هـ ‪
+‬ـ ‪? $‬‬
‫‬
‫=‬
‫‬ ‫
‪:‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫ ∆ ‪ = +‬هـ ∆ ‪
+‬ـ‬
‫
‬
‫‪ +‬ـ
‬ ‫‪ +‬هـ = =‬
‫ه‬
‫ )(‬ ‫)‪(
- 01 () $-‬‬
‫)‪(42 $‬‬ ‫
‪ +‬ـ‬ ‫= ‪ +‬هـ =‬
‫‪
+‬ـ )‪([) $‬‬ ‫‪ = +‬هـ =‬ ‫∴‬
‫∴ ‪. $ $) &C $‬‬
‫ )
(‬
‫) ‪: $ %7L !- 4$B 7 $ .$1
( +‬‬
‫‪°‬‬ ‫‪° ٩٠‬‬

‫‪٢٥‬‬ ‫‪° ٣٥‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‪٧٠‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‪١٠٠‬‬ ‫‪°‬‬
‫‪٦٠‬‬ ‫‪°‬‬
‫‪٥٠‬‬
‫)@(‬ ‫)‪(:‬‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬
‫‬
°
٣٠
°
٣٠
°
٣٠
°
٨٠
°
٦٠
(D) (H) (G)
°
٥٥
°
°
٣٥ ٤٠
°
٣٥
(8) (S) (Z)
°
°
٥٠ ٥٠
°
٣٠
°
٢٥

(6:) (66) (6E)

‫)=( ‪ = +‬ـ
هـ
‪+ <+ &'
%I‬‬
‫‪ + $) &C $‬هـ ـ
هـ = ‪. $‬‬
‫)‪ = + . . &'
(R‬ـ )(
'& ‪= = + [$-‬‬
‫= ‪ +‬ـ = ‪ %" °HE‬ـ ‪ &'

1` ( -
.‬‬ ‫‪ +‬ـ ‬
‫‪
=+‬‬ ‫=
ـ‬ ‫
‪$1
.‬‬
‫ ‪: :‬‬

‫ ‪:‬‬
‫ ) (' &‪ ! "#$ %‬‬
‫ * * ‪.‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪: (.) ,-‬‬
‫‪: ' ) )/‬‬

‫‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫‪. 0 0 & 0#1 .‬‬
‫‪#1 '# 23 #1 .‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪. 4 #2 & 3‬‬
‫هـ‬
‫‪: 56‬‬
‫
'& ‪ = + .‬ـ

'* ‪.‬‬
‫‬
‫‪: " 7 8#6‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‪
+‬ـ = ‪6SE‬‬ ‫‪ = +‬ـ ‪+‬‬ ‫‪/6‬‬
‫‪
+‬ـ‬ ‫هـ = ـ =‬ ‫‪/:‬‬
‫ ‪:‬‬
‫"‪ . + %‬ـ ‪ (B = +
.‬هـ‬
‫ ‪: 09‬‬
‫‪
+‬ـ )‪(
- 01 () $$- $‬‬ ‫‪ . +‬ـ = ‪:‬‬
‫‪ = +‬ـ )‪(
- 01 () $$- $‬‬ ‫‪ . +‬ـ )( = ‪:‬‬
‫‪ . +‬ـ )( = ‪$ K ) °@DE‬‬ ‫‪ . +‬ـ ‪+‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫ (‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‪ = +‬ـ( = ‪@DE‬‬ ‫‪
+‬ـ ‪+‬‬ ‫∴‪):‬‬
‫‪ = +‬ـ = ‪. `+ =) °6SE‬‬ ‫‪
+‬ـ ‪+‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫‪ = +‬ـ = ‪($ $) °6SE‬‬ ‫هـ = ـ ‪+‬‬
‫‪ = +‬ـ‬ ‫هـ = ـ ‪+‬‬ ‫‪ = +‬ـ =‬ ‫‪
+‬ـ ‪+‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫‪
+‬ـ )= ‪$‬‬ ‫هـ = ـ =‬
‫‪: 2-‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‪<= ): )/ 0 & 0#1 ;#2 0 (7‬‬
‫ ‪. * * 0‬‬
‫‬
: ()

. 0 $1
% (6D98) %7
°
‫هـ‬

:

°
66: =
+ ‫هـ‬ =
‫= ـ‬
(.)
() $)I
$I)
($ $) °6SE = 0 +
‫= ـ‬
°
DS = °66: 9 °6SE = 0 ∴
: ()
: + <+ % (6Z98) %7

‫
ـ‬// = +

(>) :

(*'
) ) °6SE = % A = +%+=
() $)I
$I) %
‫ = ـ‬% A =
°
6SE = %
‫ـ‬ +%+= ∴
(
+ &
- 4 () $)I
) %
‫ـ‬ % + =
‫
ـ‬// = + ∴

‫ )
(‬
‫‪:
/‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‬
‫‪°‬‬ ‫‪°‬‬ ‫‪°‬‬

‫‪°‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‬
‫)ـ(‬ ‫)"(‬ ‫) (‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪°‬‬ ‫‪°‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫‬
‫) و(‬ ‫)هـ(‬ ‫)(‬
‫= *)‪ " + °‬ـ ‪ ,‬هـ ‪-‬‬ ‫‪ " /#‬ـ ' &‪$ %‬‬
‫ـ هـ = ـ ‪: / 01 .‬‬
‫ـ هـ ‪. 234 % 5‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪: / 01 (987) /6‬‬
‫هـ‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫"‪:‬‬ ‫ ـ =‬
‫‬
‫ـ‬
‫‬
‫ ) (‬
‫‬
‫ ‪ :‬‬
‫('& ‪. !" #$%‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫هـ‬ ‫‬
‫ـ‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫*& ‪ " ∆ :‬ـ <; ' ‪ " 0‬هـ ‪ +‬ـ = ?> ‪. @ /‬‬
‫‪. A ?=B C? = -D1 0 ' ; : +,%- .$‬‬
‫* ‪ " 3 F 1 + @ E :‬ـ ‪ E +‬هـ ‪. +‬‬
‫‪ @ : /,‬هـ ‪:‬‬
‫هـ @ = *‪(,?>) °7‬‬ ‫ @ = *‪+ °7‬‬
‫هـ @ = *‪. / D = H °9‬‬ ‫@‪+‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫∴ @ هـ ' &‪. %‬‬
‫)(‬ ‫ @ )? ‪( @ ,D' /‬‬ ‫ هـ @ =‬ ‫∴‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫" هـ ـ = *‪7‬‬ ‫" ـ = *‪+ °7‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫" هـ ـ ‪ " / A
,D' H +‬ـ ‪.‬‬ ‫" ـ =‬ ‫∴‬
‫‬
‫∴ " ـ هـ ' &‪. %‬‬
‫)‪(#‬‬ ‫ ـ " )? ‪( @ ,D' /‬‬ ‫ هـ " =‬ ‫∴‬
‫‪: / B (#) () /‬‬
‫ @‬ ‫ ـ " =‬
‫ ‪ / A
,D' H‬‬ ‫ ـ =‬ ‫∴‬
‫∴ ـ ' &‪%‬‬
‫ ـ‬ ‫ ـ =‬ ‫∴‬
‫ ـ = *‪(,?>) °7‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬
‫‪°‬‬
‫ ـ = *‪7‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫" ـ‬ ‫∴ ‬
‫∴ ‪- 1 2 ;< H‬‬
‫<; ‪. /I /' ;< C? = ?=B - 1 2‬‬
‫∴ ; ' ‪. A ?=B C? = -D1 0‬‬
‫ * ‪: 0 :‬‬
‫ *‪: 1‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬

‫‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫ ‬ ‫‬
‫ )‪(#87‬‬ ‫ )‪(#*87‬‬ ‫ )‪(787‬‬
‫‬
$D' J + @ A& C?= " =5 (787)
: / B
/K K J + @ / C? = ,D' ?=B % / A& >
. A& ? EB
. / 5 % 5 J @ ∆
% 5K -KD1 A' ) @ J =J@ ∴
. (/ 5
(/ 5 / / D) J " =@ ∴
+ @ /K > =5 L & L & /' L> =5 : D
@ MK?B J ,D' @ M?B , (#*87) J
. (#87) 2 ?=B J
2" + 2 /N / 5 J " +@ /
. °9*
' / 5
. °7* = 2 " =2 ∴
" 2∴
< $KB + 0$ 2 " =5 ,5 I C4 OH ∴
. ,5 A ?=B

5 B + A& C?=

: (4) 3
; + !" : 19 8$' 2' 5 67 5

. !" 0
: 8*
+ ? EB ‫ ـ‬+ H A&
. K ?=B B' K =5 "

: +,%- .$
. A ?=B A& @ "
‫ـ‬
: *
. @ E 1 " ,D' ?=B % @ OI
: /,
(,?>) °7* = ‫@ ـ‬ + ‫ ∆ @ ـ‬
(& = -D1 234 ) ‫∴ @ < ـ‬
? EB ‫∴ ـ‬
?= EB < @ ∴
A& Q I C= @ ∴
. A& Q I C= ‫ ـ‬R B15 " ,D' ?=B % / B OH
. A ?=B A& @ " =5 ∴

: ' 6
67 0 : 19 , 9 <
. 0: < ,
: 8*
+ ? EB ‫ ـ‬+ H A&
‫ ـ‬A&D @ "

: +,%- .$
‫" ـ‬ ‫ ـ‬
‫ـ‬ : *

E 1 + " ,D' 1 ?=B % OI
: /,
. ‫ ـ‬A& @ " /
. A& Q I C= ‫ ـ‬R B15 @ ,D' ?=B ∴
. A& Q I C= ∴
‫ =? ـ‬EB / ∴
/ SE ‫ ـ‬
: / 0 1 / 1
?=B % , / E =5 % / SE ‫ ـ‬
" ,D'
" , / 0 =5 E ‫∴ ـ‬
" ‫ ـ‬

: () =
% > 5 ? 0 8$' 6>

. 0 @$
: (A) =
0 8$' 5 *

. 0 < ,
: %
‫" ـ‬ =5 5 + H A& Q I ?=B
@ @ =5 / 5 ‫ ـ‬+ " A& C?=
. @ ‫ ـ‬+ @ " E + @ A&
‫ @ ـ‬ ="@ : / 01
:
: &*
A&D@ @ + A& (##87)
: +,%- .$
‫ @ ـ‬ ="@
‫ـ‬

: *
(AA ) @ E

‫‪: /,‬‬
‫∵ @ @ ‪? EB @ +‬‬
‫@ = *‪( TB ) °7‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫∵ " ـ ?‬
‫" @ ـ = *‪(?= ,D' 5 ?) °7‬‬ ‫∴‬
‫" @ ـ‬ ‫@=‬ ‫∴‬
‫" @ ‪: / B /? /‬‬ ‫?‪U‬‬
‫"@‬ ‫" @ ـ ‪8‬‬ ‫"@=‬ ‫@‪8‬‬
‫م س ـ‬ ‫أسب=‬ ‫∴‬
‫ ) ‪(4‬‬
‫ـ‬
‫‪: = (#687) /‬‬
‫‬
‫" ? &‪ + H A‬ـ @‬
‫هـ‬
‫ ‪ +‬هـ ‪. " EB‬‬
‫‬ ‫
‬ ‫‬
‫‪ : / 01‬هـ ـ ' &‪. %‬‬
‫ ) ‪(AB‬‬
‫ ‪ +‬هـ " ‪" +‬‬ ‫‪ / 5 5 + A& ? " /#‬ـ‬
‫‪ / 01‬ـ ‪ //‬هـ ‪.‬‬
‫ " = ‪ @ 5 °6V‬‬ ‫‪+ H A& " /6‬‬
‫ @ " ‪ 3‬ـ ‪ +‬ـ " ‪.‬‬
‫
‬

°
: = (#W87) /W

+ H A& / 5 " @ + @
°

V* = " @
. %& ' " @ / 01 .

" ‫ـ‬ .#
‫ـ‬
(AC )
: () 3 : ' ! %
: D" =E 0 5 7-
.
8- 0 < 9 5 A
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