QUIZZES IN CYTOGENETICS
Monday, September 20, 2021 4:05 PM
QUIZ #2
1. Living affected female
→ Black Circle
2. Living unaffected male
→ Clear Square
3. Dominant inheritance means an abnormal gene
from one parent can cause disease. Even the gene
from the other parent is normal, the abnormal
gene may still be pass on
→ True
4. It refers to the genetic heritage passed down by
our biological parents
→ Heredity
5. Living unaffected female
→ Clear Circle
6. What plant did Gregor Johann Mendel used in
his genetic experiments that took him eight years
and published his results in 1865?
→ Garden Pea
7. Unknown gender (during pregnancy)
→ Clear Diamond
8. It is a cross happens in F1 generation offspring
of differing in two traits. It is used to create a
specimen with desirable traits. It is useful in
studying the assortment of the offspring
→ Dihybrid Cross
9. It is an assessment made by a medical
professional about genetic risk in a family
→ Pedigree Analysis
10. The first affected family member who seeks
medical attention for a genetic disorder is called
→ Proband
11. Since pea plants are naturally self-fertilizing,
"Pure-bred" strains were readily available. Each
Strain contained only one form of the gene that
determined a trait. Pure-bred plants with yellow
seeds only produced offspring with yellow seeds.
Pure-bred plants with green seeds only produced
offspring with green seeds
→ True
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12. It is defined as the cross happening in the F1
generation offspring of parents differing in one
trait only. It is useful in determining the
dominance of genes
→ Monohybrid Cross
13. Living affected male
→ Black Square
14. In an autosomal dominant disease, if you get
the abnormal genes from only one parent, you
can't get the disease. Often, one of the parents
may also have the disease.
→ True
15. It is a visual tool for documenting biological
relationships in families and the presence of
diseases
→ Pedigree
16. Match the statement to its corresponding
answer
▪Each inherited trait is defined by a gene pair.
Parental genes are randomly separated to the sex
cells so that sex cells contain only one gene of the
pair. Offspring therefore inherit one genetic allele
from each parent when sex cells unite in fertilization
→ The law of Segregation
▪Genes for different traits are sorted separately
from one another so that the inheritance of one trait
is not dependent on the inheritance of another
→ Law of Independent Assortment
▪An organism with alternate forms of a gene will
express the form that is dominant.
→ Law of Dominance
QUIZ #3
1. Each cell contains a copy of the genetic
information of the individual
→ Reproduction and Inheritance
2. Animal cell have centrioles, centrosomes and
lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not
→ True
3. Cell synthesize various types of molecules,
including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
→ Synthesis of molecules
4. All members of Kingdom Monera are
prokaryotes
→ True
5. Energy released during metabolism is used for
cell, activities such as the synthesis of new
molecules, muscle contraction, and heat
production, which helps maintain body
temperature
→ Cell metabolism and human body
6. The study of cells as fundamental units of living
things, their origin, structure, function and
pathology
→ Cytology
7. Eukaryotes are more complex and much larger
than the prokaryotes. They include almost all the
major kingdoms specially kingdom monera
→ True
8. Cell Discovery : Due to limited magnification of
his microscope, he could not see any details in the
structure that's why concluded that these were
non-living entities. Who is this?
→ Robert Hooke
9. It is the smallest, basic unit of life that is
responsible for all of life's processes
→ Cell
10. Observed cells under another compound
microscope with higher magnification. This time,
he had noted that the cells exhibited some form of
movement (motility) he named it as animalcules
→ Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
11. The cell wall is made up of cellulose, which
provides to support to the plant. The plant cell
contains chloroplast, which aids in the process of
photosynthesis
→ Plant Cells
12. Two types of cell based on cellular structure
are:
→ Prokaryotes → Eukaryotes
13. A Scottish botanist who provided the very
first insights into the cell structure. He described
the nucleus present in the cells of orchids
→ Robert Brown
14. Lysosomes does not digest unwanted
materials in the cell
→ False
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15. Cells produce and receive chemical and
electrical signals that allow them to
communicate with one another. Ex. Nerve cells
communicating with one another and with
muscle cells causing it to contract
→ Communication
16. Cells provide structure and support to the
body of an organism
→ True
17. Animal Cells have centrioles, centrosomes
and lysosomes, whereas plant cells do not
→ True
QUIZ #4
1. The only purpose of meiosis is to maintain in
chromosome number in organisms and repairs
genetic defects
→ False
2. The last step of prophase doesn't involve the
breakdown of the nuclear envelope. The
chromosomes just start moving towards the
middle of the cell
→ False
3. The G2 phase is the phase where high levels of
_________ synthesis occur
→ ATP
4. In prophase II of meiosis each centriole
divides, forming two pairs of centrioles
→ True
5. At the end of Cytokinesis I, two different
daughter cells are formed, each with half the
number of chromosomes as the parent cell
(having 23 chromosomes having 23 pairs of
chromatids)
→ True
6. Mitosis happens in all cell types such as skin,
bone, flood, and structural cells and germ cells
→ False
7. The ______ phase lasts about 7 hours in a typical
mammalian cell with a 16-hour cell cycle
→S
8. Chiasma is the location where crossover occurs
forming an X-shaped chromosome
→ True
9. In Anaphase I of meiosis, the homologous
chromosomes start to migrate to the opposite
poles
→ True
10. The ____ phase is the gap of time between
mitosis (M phase) and DNA synthesis (S phase)
→ G1
11. Meiosis creates genetic diversity
→ True
12. The G1 phase lasts about ____ in a typical
mammalian cell with a 16-hour cell cycle
→ 5 hours
13. At the end of anaphase II, each of the cell
contains a complete set of chromosomes
→ True
14. The ____ phase is the resting phase of the cell
→ G0
15. Each chromosome has been duplicated during
the M phase and has a specific DNA sequence
called the centromere that is required for proper
segregation
→ False
16. Meiosis is thus also called the reduction
division -number of chromosomes is reduced by
quarter
→ False
17. Prophase I of meiosis crossover refers to the
equal exchange of large segments of DNA between
the maternal chromatid and paternal chromatid
(i.e, non-sister chromatids) at the chiasma
→ True
18. Meiosis involves two successive stages or
phases of cell division, meiosis I and meiosis II
→ True
19. In metaphase I of meiosis, the centromeres
orient themselves towards the opposite poles of
the cell
→ True
20. When was the term "mitosis" was coined by
Walther Flemming?
→ 1882
21. The ____ phase is the phase where high levels of
ATP synthesis occur
→ G2
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22. In humans, the _____ made in meiosis are
sperm and eggs. When a sperm and an egg join in
fertilization, the two haploid sets of
chromosomes form a complete diploid set: a new
genome
→ Haploid Cells
23. At the end of meiosis II, four non-identical,
haploid daughter cells are formed, each having
half- chromosome number as the original parent
cell
→ True
24. The M phase is divided into five stages called
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase,
and telophase
→ False
25. In meiosis I, a pair of homologous
chromosomes separate to produce two diploid
daughter cells, each having half the number of
chromosomes as the parent cell. In contrasts,
during meiosis I, sister chromatids separate to
produce four haploid daughter cells. Also, unlike
meiosis I, no genetic recombination by crossing
over occurs in meiosis II
→ True
QUIZ #5
1. RNA is single-stranded
→ True
2. It is the central information storage system of
most animals and plants, and even some viruses.
The name comes from its structure, which is sugar
and phosphate backbone which have bases sticking
out from it.
→ DNA
3. Epigenetics control does not involve chemical
modification of DNA (methylation) and chemical
modification of histones (acetylation,
phosphorylation, addition of ubiquitin), both of
which can profoundly alter normal gene expression
and hence produce an altered trait or disease
→ False
4. A mutation in a protein-coding gene caused the
formation of an abnormal protein and hence an
altered trait or disease
→ True
5. A specialized nucleotide DNA sequence that
binds to the mitotic spindle during cell division
→ Centromere
6. Constitutive heterochromatin is always 18. It is the stage where the amino acid chain
condensed (transcriptionally inactive) and does gets longer
not consists of repetitive of DNA found near the → Elongation
centromere and other regions
→ False 19. Pyrimidines:
▪ Cytosine ©
7. A _____ consists of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and ▪Guanine (G)
a phosphate group ▪ Uracil (U), which is found in RNA
→ Nucleotide → False
8. A _____ consists of a nitrogenous base and a sugar 20. The human nuclear genome codes for ____
→ Nucleoside genes (precise number is uncertain) which
make up 2% of human nuclear genome.
9. The human nuclear genome consists of ____ → 30,000
different chromosomes
→ 24 21. Cytosine does not pair with guanine (C-G)
→ True
10. Adenine pairs with thymine or uracil (A-T or A-
U) 22. Deoxyribo refers to
→ True → Sugars
11. He is credited for discovering the carbohydrate 23. Had an experiment that it was DNA that
component of both DNA and RNA and how their carried the vital information needed for
components are connected, as well as the structure protein expression in the next generation of
of nucleotides in 1919 cells.
→ Phoebus Levene → Oswald Avery
12. The human genome refers to the haploid set of
chromosomes (nuclear plus mitochondrial) which
is divided into the very complex nuclear genome
and the relatively simple mitochondrial genome
→ True

13. During Translation, a cell "reads the

information in a messenger RNA (MRNA) and uses
it to build a protein. It always encodes a _____ or
chain of amino acids
→ Polypeptide

14. Nitrogenous bases :

▪ Purines ▪ Adenine(A) ▪ Guanine(G)
→ True

15. It is condensed chromatin and is

transcriptionally inactive
→ Heterochromatin

16. Who came up with a model for the structure of

DNA based off on X-ray diffraction images?
→ Francis Crick and James Watson

17. Chromosomes have a single centromere that is

observed microscopically as a ____, which is the
region where sister chromatids are joined
→ Primary Constriction

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