afrmatonshariog apy chain 1 Information sharing in a supply chain Hau L. Lee Deparment Indl gineering ad Engng Manage, and Gat Sl of ‘snes, Sian! inert, ano, C& 1305 USA ‘Seungiin Whang ‘race Solo Bune, Snr Unive, Sto CA S08, USA et: Aves nur yen oy hve a ag ng te ton a py ‘nega Aah edge enn ppp tan peso aw we St ‘Sudan pln nc n-ne an he aed ned ae pe ‘Sts ener ska ston ring eh been ely bine he oe is amin hoch pper snr he peso inmate ae eee ‘ear St pe hasie We dar ow dy ener ed ng ‘nary cumple nde tomo enemies Wea che sees none ct Intron shane heaton tesa. he id pred rr a ms eye: blehip ene; drat as aman sho: apy cn ma pipe sae ae a sa Le Land Whig. 200 Tbr tag 8 inl Henecring Tecnangy nd Managem 1 8p. 33 ‘logrphie str: HL ew Ker Pe Myf Sogn Cpt Pts: wl Dep itn‘ de Beta toa gic sn Eager Mee, Foleo ‘pens Mango te re Seon ena St Unter mf eaion ‘snc tpty Cnn mana int eis sp eg, ley mn qu oo ‘ua ary sgh eth ong i oe Dia a he So ia up inet ny isle shan ey mpc oly Slr noah Gane scorn, Sd Vay cont Nese a Sis ad IS or Pi» ne Adio he vey fhe i reac ies oro Sr lal ey Chan am noms af onan SeeInfrmation sharing in asp chin 2 1 Introduction ‘np cain magento pot rhe ps isha thu ays anges oma ess wit like lat or waehose) to stp ca ashy pas plo, manures stots ops ie rode, wholes an els, The Iepion and epiiztin ofthe lows he ply chan ~ weil Intron and nici ~ Tors Ue eve concen of sph ei matagonet. spi tensive corto ‘ang elie fnctons en dpense companies eae inthe Sey of pod of serie fo end ‘ons inden tanactontned ettorpnizatosrelaonhips he ao panes wich Intron, cei, ish an resources este frerempi. "Thee re seven jr ei ends hat av ned cytes spy cin mangement. Th fin Is We gobazaton of business, den basses tent ely plobal ences wo max te peta ‘prints in he ltl coord. Tha, however eal the Caenges fGsing with an ive et it, vt noe, sonpier lope dbp cn earn, ar compan yt corte ies Nascent ‘he be Anche vr tt fasten nh el ana, Geral merchant sr cask Wash, Intl ci tke Pee luego specalit chinie Tay moda emp ice Lad En ed “ual seston oe ike Aaa have revolioize terol side of pp caine. lnovstons ie vendor ‘ingest VM cvryany ow pg, sued cont ant rsedocking have legends ne ‘tn ply shin manag Ik len esi repens (ECR ]or fen oar rene FR) a ‘on te upp hey iver of sly chi manage ithe ni of coset ermaton ccna) oe ough a rcgaie th up can al makes dss Sse ont neta ‘ron ley domiatsone with coe isan by separ ad nde i te soppy eal, x wel Coord up nia har not ber yo aleve Sie vena ered low inate ‘heed acto eis aota the aes ners tough the spy hina be enrSnie Recen vances in coaeletne hve, bee ade he coer ae verb tard we cured ‘Sun managemet Soccer of ah eccentric TEMP atonal BER (cn tse managements se), ERP cme esate pani), EDI econ ata ieehargeobertveted Hoping eaoumet, vices commutators a Iter Tks wo tho cholo, ean how apace only ogists a diver by ffrmaon. How deploy the enna sn eos ‘opy-onin wide ace coarse ne avast nsialy cn ages The sete ofthe preset pro aay tora sharing ine specie cnet fb soy ea ‘sangecat Whe ere exist scenes on oman string im ne genes somes (eg Bar snd Konya [yn wort epic naires infrmatonshrng im he spyy sel Tw pros faper repose sme Sn Bequeny skedqueton ich "What the minut nfraton share th my apply sha riers ‘it skingay petal explonjrmaion sharing na spy chain a “Tepper erie follow: Soe 2 dexeber i pe af ifrmaicn shared sd the asda ees Stn nse sentiv sym modest fst orn sing; nd Seton dees he callers finfrmaon rg. 2 Types of shared information 2.1 Inventory evel (Ore athe ms common ta sed ben spy ln pares is inventony level. As Mile a Roe Incl vey and conmsicaon re sone sb, Asse 0 open ven te cam cba ‘koelng tet ivetry lee inthe spy can To see ts cnr ne compass can WH {cin prc rose fla antic if hear ad the mature inden mage i TerpiveInveace bau string vente str informal, they heb Up avg dole say [nventrey or scut abot estos Sheahan nth etictny it coins he anager faeries a the ses ded ar ahowes ty Ck and Sart [3] tat "sclncan inven contol epi wor cts wsumsions The shan Invcty ithe sont ct tte ate an te down parr Tag [aa showed taro theorarapto poly hata ont echt invenay evel woud schlevepestopinel com pera in exe Fela sonon Sar oly the ame spt yeas mutacin sto." poauctn Tale {nl ajo the ston te tage scordn he enoy eve a tbe downs tage, Spee. he Profit tc aa stage il decease (nce) when he very Heels a those dows sages a ies {lower he te get even [6 To implement eelo-bared very eal the up pany sd Keep taco th imetay keel the dnt ee of te spl int ta production ony nae the elon Inver lon toy enough is my, epson company ctr Sine wien sd what oe, wnat eps tan eprovete sevice with very in pectic, Shing sf ven ineoaton i apemesed fn fren forms. Conus replenishment programmes (CRP) or vendoenaged metry (VA ae pies fen empuyed ty¥0 aeletrng are Totty ci (ee Poser & Gone ond Wotan tea lel ER? lan the ayer are ti enn “nate vendrang atthe vndorto mange hey Wii ule. Example 1: Apple-Prie's supper hub [77 ‘he a, spires ple Cnptr’s Sasamet, Calo an Foun, Colorants were thr long oad west, ost fatto fhe pls teat nA i snp pens Sublet iposible asin ranpernirant cantons Caring. The ply nn ewer a Ae ser nd Aple invert an esp ove ght poceng, atoms lane ong ansoeaton, ‘Teton de! oan, Inia, Ape elisha sch pla aneInfomation shriog ney hae ‘ ntsoued manag ahd ois Capen ipl evo provider The ‘Spal hus lost cloak Aple land server ar shred warns fr te pir Fac pie Isexpeedo caryeresrbed ayn sippy the pars at hea alist heaven. Apnlestarer mpc ets of leman eons withhee aio: reams there ion gies fer Apply suming be espa of 1) comoldan ight even Asin the sappirh,2) eteaing ‘iss, maging he buy nd 4 gig he foal nspaton o Apple. The ppt ha mnie ‘ery elasrae inmate called LEX pone the vs) a pine enor et tages of ‘heen spl shai equi by prchare are ts Apple eve batt hipped athe ssp, hp from th sui cnr ry not et il sustr ceingpce up st poro eyaade oto Te tin sok athe nd pal delivery to Aple's plas Ug FLEX, Apple ws pte ae {oot fineness nth iggy shal, iene ents naenyineey eh ‘opts emiconducioe makers groped sytem under which chip makes on Japan, Kore, the United States sod ope lyse veo ve, Th beet of th hase iran Saigo gt ‘roe problems sated with walnle ute: cyle DRAM busnena Song the facet pte fe “mou iply eh xpos etree form of oy. ease! by mle etre icing Dae {el double Frcs shrans ping nit party peralason 9,1. As eines ata nd mace pecs are oy hat exiting re me demand beomes aor leg. Infra hiring sone key Fanstacares i pope mplemened ca at least mitigate ths fraton dor, ed eal abt Gah Sotereninat ke mute! dana ar mate ter produc capely andi ping cians While ssw the ny ns meson status nay be eet foe Indl manuTcres thes 2 ova wither manual cel shart tae nvrteytataon (11-16), Tis set enh pry tannin o overt very lee dca thers fom podcing ore pee blng tor sip every matte ashy tts ese Dour oar, formation shar wl loti aon agi wl be tern 9 me wehbe pope rr infrmatin staring Wl tally ke ple inion, 22 Salesdata Jn te wadonal supple-bye rains, companies crite demand ination excel ne en of ‘Sie pens leon rds proton plang, lem as Sc rs worse est oT ‘arouses ad omar ye buyer drs afte de the ve dann a he hte 2 eran called hell eft [10] Tau te fran taper phe frm fae ent be “sod ant cn sae wpean putes prodson devon. e prc, oF ‘vr fen ge ten ht fs dhe ton cs once none rove pan ce Pg. THeInfomation sharing nasapy chain 5 Sono jess! ues ina ede fama processes ad makes dean forecasting eve mare “tou Wim hse he ean a the spy cane form of ees oral ve pad urcaice of spies, acon malacring expos crx by sees sap, nelle zaton t [veces cer narehousing npn, premio siping ess an or esoer ese 1 Thule Sone: ae, Pad nd Wane] Le al 2,0] ey fr cures ofthe lp ec: 1) demand signal posing. 2) ning game, 3) der bathing und) pce facts Conder mr wb tes ed mst en y apy ome ees Atco (ogepunetl ming oth rr nt To so Singer ton ange se Ina sige cold Tet woe nr aun hi ft par 0 th meena ocr wal epee pets Hs When this pats roped a pean compas sng the store dr fm Soot, he ger ah erage {sl"could be pray ampli. To aor. dnle owl frsaig, stalls at (log th ventory Infrae) net to be shes. Peer & Gamble cote resi although tam major estes” ‘Gestation sents nd poicosies (POS) dita om sae wall es. TDM nd Hee Packand ok or ‘trough data arpa resent al copter alley sig econ afr POS da manure ean ‘evr feota he demand nd ders abr poscon pa a ewer Be Serge en wsdtge cst Lee [Us}quit te vate ofsschinmaton Sing ‘rier ttching rests ner acta dr in bce, ad beet inoue. The ape sper onsceny rele dea fran ely neque, te ter when he eller ner Tis oe lp{nfmation sharing nosy cha ‘ ‘he opi Ingo gd cat se, Ss infomation strip y he eer nals the spi to be ‘Sever pepe er ote mkt deand The val ofc shng wos id by Cath a ise 16 ond Govino a ston tice a eo rte eaten at al tthe ee demande tie motrin alent sting ele to press erp ‘Ordering nines shrugs ole ladreaero int ir odes ode hat hey mig gue bee stuf tee bt py aches ncn atch ing avo may bem ntabebvng Imi higher demand than thew By having alr dat, mauictare> would bin much bee pasion ‘Sisco a dreds he sald po etd, Bxample 2: Seven-Elever Japan (18) Seen pa (SE there coven ore in eu, They nto ue MeDonl in ithe dctngre Tc inesoy tne Sperone sain ni Walter), Tress fesse cxteve eof FOS cscs dt, Teena rents FOS ct fom ste a wih the ener and cated age ofthe stoner etredon spre espa). Tsay SE an a ees trendy tem, by bur any esomer'sagcnt ener Ths erat sd rae he aes ‘ooking even we hl pc configuton merchandise oa Svlpmen. The POS tr sssteamidn wiles en manure fob pon ced ne prot lpn ip dargteroal POS in wa SEs bene, olen animate, SE mama eat eager at des be nc. 2.3 Onder statu for tracking/acing ‘pia sply cnn iooles mip Scions nd inden compen the iva of gon ad serves Se ed conser Asa sul elu fra caster aout sao oe, see he este dbes no ‘lvaystnow wo bese the males inaved cr wherein he ply chain he oder biog poss coy, snp cn rember sed sharing ir odes inte, soa = igh i eal ple ‘slain code sheet Fo eninge, paras nth sppy cay hoki Webs low aes (sehother rer dabors By sling th eer isting te Web she the cxomer one oder ts 30 ater sere nd in which sippy eh partner’ psession the ve This een Ings a atest neefrmation sharing ina ply chin 7 Buample 3: Miorodge-UPS trcking [19] ‘Aca pesca eomputer(PC dsr Misohge canes 35-0 dys o Pavey bgt om manta ks Minune ore, Upon xanga rer fms cl Monge costars he nal Tog oer harares sofware. This config o-eder proes by lerovAgets inte rt te ‘postpone stacy" Ta poi dere’ (20-2) Te onl PCs arte pecaged and op ‘Sipe by UP, stot provir, dette estore try bpasing reels. Whe the omer reruns throh nll pri re ss iene tingly UPS. Hehe PS ‘snags he shipment sat feo lag Ss proves, ore ncking, rang an esac oh ‘Duamaled UP ort Act How Aces ster ea io ale enemies and ‘ans tend nha wih INI Mirage's Winds sed ine re ety apicton pein ne Ialfame INI procs sve ng deer eet ral UPS sipments. Al meni 0th pst ‘Sipment sie omic ve dates too Access, Menthe toa clia ser food ati the ‘slr san sos ls Asso on te tect anos etter theasomer can re See {he West Hos ec eo be sed genre proms phone alt the eeing yr lvy {yess reson Pinal, onecaims canbe sited ought Aces ‘hehe bei of is ype of akmation har the ive of he gay of estore, retin aye eee and sang in aur cos an pean. The dai of sevice impoves¥ poblens we ‘sivedinasitglcallinarnater mins ater tan bur day Sina tv robles dy the payment ‘rola race fy eaten ushers the panel ime Pathe, soa wig, ‘Enis icmnepeocive cosa wih mnal aaa eto srs aa os 24 Sales forecast [As mented eal, ener 8 sappy cain can cinioaethebullsip eet ad is etd ieiienies by ‘oii infepndet mule fread, Vit lesa’ eplnshner dean fo pst sper, Toute tages of dlguon ls min. va ppl Vil ampency even ake ops pote ‘ip fr when th terme lv fl tl asin eel In ome cae, te vender ha he ery Sf akping any quty, ot mat erp he downs se’ sel um ecg sae peeled uh ice Suc cosas ey el Hei the real coms haan west! vendor may hate Che Incenthew sip oo many mis te eae. However, ah sas Jo at ave much ee the vend Suementun fee market dean, Tis sretines untante sine he vendor av have len eerie Inte rman Jue te ve ake! movement te thn th eae, For example, Wares ante. aac manatees indepth Knog on fe wen contin col np! he es ft phinncssteal oaice. To sept te vend’ spurring cubic els rung Watt Red Sinn ced ole foweang and tephra (CPAR), which ells forth elles and he ‘Metin io exchange nol sn nl deelop fees ah penne usInfomation shving nee ha ‘ ‘The commu fr fess sting ine avast ste sang he lfrmain wih be sap, 8 clout the me and than beter pine o frst te et dayane Compan ke SUN, Hewat acura Tes snanet sae fects ith sper ar pate hr quant eontaes 23} Fecats eve eavindwiinon frre oder theta, wh sa uh fran eel thee rotetn plane Honeer, arth ean nsec plenty Scion manipulate reas « Potente probe rks ben the F sonast. That the bayr he an name tina he apo fan a igh ventory at hc exes) by vesting the demand engin os Steg Been he ‘Sp ayo tae the eae seu Toa, nfrmaton shingle te plne axa ei, To ‘ern ths robles the QF com nstucuzed ot he buyer lowed emake eed cng tote ess ese frat adhe he er ua Ne 25 Produetion/delivery sched | matcuer cul make we ots ples pruton or delivery ached to mprove is own produto ‘eho Fe exam, US to congas hte es othe prodon shed odes tess. A Trvanesseconsor manure allows gliblcotomers cmt ts room sel, UPS ees {sve reglenent nao cownlsade frm Microge every fa hot. SE's tracking compas Pvt ‘avery eqvemen Seer isan bar svn ace or efllen seeding of el eT aormaion ‘bow agua rally tg ered lanng hort fee poston sched Ty ean ‘Uso qute more scat de dates hee cones. ‘Shniiy, rodcion sheds aa nonlin se Ge Be wee in 0 te supplies robe ‘sep Metra fr eval, a el por cl “Scheing Staring’ wherely top sod perp ‘Sentient the customerot Moco chip dvison wuld share a oductn shel wih Moral ‘iiembles Motor t develop feos pros pla swe at ne th mest ose meso eld ‘Secasonen’ chiles so thatthe radson shel woul ae irae nt ang neg chin 26. Other information sharing ‘ter eames of efrmton oe sre a spl lula inns pefrmanes mente ad capaci Psomatce Iie clade roduc gully dns, guing ay at werkt nd service petomance. Dy srg, Ihstypeotfomaton the supp dain con iene taeeeks ofc ed iprovethe veal perormance {yale for examples te pala nie dtvery pererencs da oli saps arse sup ‘Sh Sen appr canog on 0 Be syn sesh he peremance an leaning ming he ps ite snmecatgn.etheseve si sip ein rine co joy develops promanse eth ess he peroreee ofthe etre spay chin Poe campy an mean thesojum eof edetin the apy has aching now mosh tine cach ererpends eth worsation a soking pn hs merc wl povid aunle Inman mprove the dle ne efrmanes hovel ea.{nformation sharing a mp ha ° Cipaciy ita cn coe to mleing pote sorage gaming behvioe, eet cou 8 rete soso lp tact By sig tna spac oat ith he dovnsteam pacers wel ane, ply sin parton sont ard prepare asin pss harass Sericonuc fates, ‘homplreutal shore ticpey su th heboyos owen though prasad valleys of eae ded "he cle information shag my cha Is expeding. Arce study onthe PC INS swe To poi 24 The indy Wnts sone vane fon information sharing ney «PC anlar ses wi {Cpe ove devant feats wel the nan frst oy mers ire? sows bow PC surly ‘hls pres ae strng inormat with paste 3) Models of information shising ‘heat mal of infront i evolving or tinea he mre merge ta new xteecive Pint. By he sytem mas we mean the mode of buns and Hs suparting Sse ace Hehrfrmaion sharing ney chan » Intrmaton ered among suppl hin partner. Thwe such models ca beefed he oman ser noel. be hind party mse te eran ab del ir, 3.1 Information tronsfor model In hms pr taster inkimiion 0 he eer wo nis he date for design aking. This 2 ‘tte erating om he EDV trol dl Wie EDI wa rg aly Gags b mn poset ‘rama Irhs bey extend lias ome Infasion ke POS ad onan vena [2,7 ‘The mode! bexplied by the examples of Mleoage-UP, SE, Vl and OF coats In VM, he ec serds ‘sles nae ifomation to end, ho eles ne Byers nent as the reson rece. {QF conc play rye tat he hye te sno vend, tha yee pear re ng ‘reo res othe Mcronge-PS elatonhip Mcgee data © UPS, wh lars ad bcs “Scere Likewise St nce taf sss tamer infrmaton SE) headgear he fs ‘eased sumed Sly cn prera ay se EDL information sig ar ering oo EY snd Thy EDL ‘houth hikgary VAN see Ihe GES, Seng ans Pomenos. Wile EDI i well cb pon the Dosis we has sever racks: 1 Thee ae ip dry-peie tnd (og Onsen rhe pharmscet indy) the rossi anc ANSI XI2 andthe tension sandr EDIFACT. A empay with uss neon lle incised th lie stn, 2 Sin 6 iene fralonpais inte neal op tay at at el epi nnsea Seen Sore eve its infor shin Fo tpl FD ny ns leaf. Taye ‘eel atundrteamaton roc, bt wo ne deg hal be Min ermaon ‘hcg oh date als Sacer, mage ans TM pape 41 Bt istuchecena, wong nyt peat ww 5 Sil an eumsie compunisare fe dsseugny the highs of sal EDK, Rec inv compere senig the bounds of EDI and eclping channel connect ‘maton sens af wail saan. nal, sce compas mae afr EDI on ne cme rey towerngthe coor EDI wageeformain sharing na py chin " 4.2. Third party model ‘Theth pry seins ahd pry wins man oon Is cles nfematon anal na dasbse forthe sop sha. Fo ex, Apes exp Frys th ha pa) olen raion Shain (Seat Pts ara uf mages wanpaion otal nlrmaton poem. Tha fe omer rt plate apie Pz motel my te oxen she afro toes t) The td party cmpary ta) so vie servo fr banana pcemes, Am example, oni il craton (com whieh serves a 9 lenin wer fan vis operas eesti) tnd od Jitu, A meer our cn ove te ealnge oe sl yar apd ase x pre oer {ele canogie mangemen oder, lvocog abd pment. To adn to wacom posesng Les ‘sey of enon sve ude tectuning, le nly ler eking rte hinge lt of epi Sates nd romain! campaign. Dithtrr ap recieve yes pega tht ean De lye sd ili fo he iver snl and ott dewpen. Digi! Mick ow glk com) sl snr ites mil endo ho approved ear i Upon sp fh are es sare apt onthe ‘endorse wl generat ona ep by hvoklng ase re nd eager tat he el tron teyend sen etd ten the tem wl request Paman nerveton Lite, QRS are) pny. simr role nthe apo ane reed indie, while Nonstop Sls (sew nostpcom) roves Forcasing dint col sev fort prea ny. 4.3 Information hub model ‘Theintmaton hab dl sil the i sty mel except th ein pty i replaced by ate. Ti ‘oda cep by th pode ty Pade aint vntire een SAP nn Example 4 Pandeste (wn pasdese com) Panes oes wh hy a e-usessolton anonstgthe ll ege of basen processes oe Wel tae nner The Pande cornet scot aonnd a nerstin Nb ha ates ‘coves arousal visto completes Wastin is ees elude sean very ‘etna, al ine payment a amd paring, arbi, very mangement care els ‘riopiemigenent and ered pasting, Aran example cont anendortme wa ii he 8 ‘eulethat wes the Pandas banner slo (acombinon of sere snare pods els ‘erin senees) The se ps most ype anmatn sting hee rae, espns pe, ad Thecurent wre wally of rie, When be csr sles nies end ives th eer ‘cards pone snare oda th citar Alt ste, one wardInfaton sharing nal chan a tote siaritte a wl ropehip thet te custome. Ute datbut’s wurcouse ik (ong wth ‘orcoel tas ibe prea ond tr hems pike end acd Teeter dase updated ue as {Shek heer orc pt ben shod fel per arp ne the master, dutty (ateran RP) tote uplarsThe curr sne ofa eae eqn A the ‘lage kedupané moved theca thecsemer an it ke We teat yer rack the Shper ag adernoe newex ine he us ee acct wih here, the wash, ‘dts The eer er, necting ppl, ant courte ab ented ete a al {Sleds acesodinusosy y moll pars in amines mt of wesason pocesing an information ‘Shang’ ivenecy as at Ie ares shares bree the dsb tor dhe eal slo ‘The fefrmation hb does a avec exist pyskaly. As dst oberon camping envieamet ke ‘Smnon beet requ Boker eects or tied compen bj model [25] se Soloed naa Tunes modules may tesde a sete lcton and be elle an ivoked coly a nee arise. Th. Se infer xl ony tlic enh4 Chattengesnfrmation shoring vo ney chan 4 Ingrmaton singin apy ohn fe soe ds. The Bi Aten paar twos be ha vo prt hs tt infrmaon string a cooperion wt soma Unease it Br pron ic eh pari sy ofthe pny of te pros shsingnmaon sod ‘pig le ort un infra tring Far exam up tai parts slim shar nora that ‘ees b seve cst sit, sl as production sled daa oF pachse pce of pars Thi Is cnsen i ‘cooing ht x power sonal nnecnt parr an etc ll compo Fr is or cpr, bt one nay of deelg pie profit fr the weer ty I ee he con en a ann Infrmatonal npr The rot soe sts wit speirinoraton ste ele iormaiond rem 2) ‘hen en eae paar urseeda postive pin ren formation sharing, eck para) soopatv ga ngleov: rw mich Tima peal ean eta sn ilomston. Th, at nd ‘opeaton bree ete! rains ply can pri. Ose oe han Wt hee fo elon by aeevnesoamic era. Cooperative gue ery 2] es sang poi thereon the ble, bt ‘ally fue erect wis an al ors nd spel oso, ‘note concer aoc ifrmation shang We conidia of intation sured. Supe, OF ramp ht oper supple tl prt manatee who eon he al pout mae Eee ‘ana woud thre noi ie sues da) wh he suppress pune ace informaton tot ened tothe aie marr, at the set tear ky Hf he super a toe the C0 runt arte sans copy ete lott inrmation tg in cei eigen bo suet fatten Suppose tat 190 ‘stale rosa share with espe hel denad projection othe et en west. The potion by one tar ‘yl ial he pl ssromotion campo nso ote werk, When hi fran ire 0 terre ron ity be pny ed nate re rae Conia This rate may eset of soy by he an nba, Apia fv lee ean ‘teanglersnet a ue tl the cel nfn lat eed beyond ie cil tet. “ecaigy i nshr exostait in inraon sharing. Inplemnaton oft cross oranzatral formation syste i ot ie-consuming a iy Farts ty ator onthe pein ofthe cial hen eg "Dinan, arhow pitt cst of veningin ne es “he timelines and ssamey of he sae Ifans eater mor hale. RC manures fen compat aout rot bsg beta gett selteugh da tom ek sles Soe sles share sh do & fhe eae am the Sth nthe th, an so, nan se recluse te dtaon weekly I lee the manufrs are ares Inthe gies elltough da oi produ signin ees ae ede In cnsre cose ofthe raed os inl we stl note hat ntti sh sup ein eee, cmpais us deel a In only a ember fr bet cortion nd plating of heefrmain sharing ina ply chin 6 have eed hat some mati demande 70S da om he tiles, at te i ot ko ho to make use of ‘Heda nvetit ents Conqunt the benef nfomatn sarng were no ly ela. tafrmaton Sig wil conve w fam heb of spy ain nteron, Corel aban Safraon ‘cohol wil cleat uch price Neterhle hehehe fl ae of feraton stan Berea ‘dpe teeta va we tn vee he halons endian. References 1 Kats As (99) ft Caer Reps En CVn Goes, a emSfealoee ales wos tars eae, Waning Oe. nnn end Pera 4 tl Km 8 hit ee Burr, Sc a 4 eo, eh omnia ey hs ig pc, Sn 5 Got Sn (80 Opp smth ny Memo Si, Tong. (190)"The inp fst na proton in’ Managemen Selene VoL6, NZ, RASHES 2 kip 2 tp Cnr Spr Hae 4 Tle fT Cs, 6S, Sn lb St Cain 1 Stone Mery News (1997 it ip inven re’ Jone 9 Le Yanan VM, Satin rt 10 Last, Poin od Win (1997) Te utp tt pty a’, Slat Manone ee, a 36 NeSap oa 1 Geir) ifrmaton singing’ Beonomevice, WL 8.79. 329944 "2 ley Ta ois ne ig i Ro ar EY 9 No 13 L185 out ogy ih infomation shar’, Rad Sort of Bonomi, Nok 16.9 S836, 14 ou $690 rs tren tin iJ of Orton Cong, Ya NO 16 hn a er, Ce Manton Yo Sd rain, ei et, Apa sul tt, Menger Tan C198 The Yale af fran San o-eSpy Cha, Mehing Paper, StIeformationshvingin ely ha w Gee, apa TS (8 Fb arin Cid Sly On, Woking ae, Wing. IL in Hr, 8, Kolin Can Uy, 957) See par SP C80, Std loa Sop Cia Mange orm Ce ‘Adio (977) "The Web vs ie ae eo nba a peal Crt Seo! Baio, an Wang 5. (199 Si pagan [ealomi Peis, Boston 9.6538 ete de 9 a ante ec pe en ee 4 196 ee enya sires manage gh oft md roc men Rear, ol AM. Sopptsiae “uy, A.C199 FrecatReiion and Spy Chon Performonce, Workin Pape, Sata Cla Uaioe. Atti A a CL Kp Unt Fe he Pron Cop Spl Chin Soe (1995) From BDI Sleroie Comore Meta ‘il, te Hay, 997) len Serer Propramnig with Jove ond CORBA tn Way Sonn, New Yk Fdebrg Ba Tov) (199 Game Theory MIT Prt Cambs MA Sab M942 Game Poy th Sal cence, MIE Pee, Cbg, MA £8) Prt Vr Nama Ker