Support piers should generally be constructed of stone masonry with1:6 c/s mortar.

Other types of piers

such as steel structures may be considered if they can be justified technically (e.g. to accommodate
ground movement) or their cost-effectiveness can be demonstrated. 3.1.10 Anchor blocks Anchor blocks
are rigid structures that encase the penstock pipe and restrain its movement in all directions. These
should be located at all vertical and horizontal bends along the penstock alignment. An anchor block
should also be provided immediately upstream of the powerhouse in order to minimize forces on
turbine housing. Furthermore, anchor blocks should be placed at sections where the exposed straight
pipe length exceeds 30 m. The following additional criteria should be considered in the design of these
structures: Figure 3.8: Anchor bloc