11

Earth Science
Quarter I - Module 4
The Three Main Categories
of Rocks

ONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING-INSTRUCTION KIT

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY

Earth Science – Grade 11
Contextualized Learning-Instruction Kit (CLIK)
Quarter I – Module 4: The Three Main Categories of Rocks
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
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Published by the Schools Division of Puerto Princesa City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Kimberly B. Aborot (Palawan National School)
Content Editor: Geraldine B. Dangan (Palawan NS)
Jane G. Favila (Puerto Princesa City NSHS)
Language Editor: Hazel Joyce A. Aquino (Palawan NS)
Reviewer: Minnie Maisie C. Salanga (San Miguel NHS)
Rolando Taha, EdD, EPS-Science
Proofreaders: Antonieta Curioso - Miguel (Puerto Princesa City NSHS)
Brandon C. Manglapus (Palawan NS)
Illustrators: John Lemuel J. Noche (Palawan NS)
Ronell N. Seracarpio (Palawan NS)
Layout Artists: Myla N. Gabinete (Palawan NS)
John Lemuel J. Noche (Palawan NS)
Peter Paul P. Paalan (Palawan NS)
Management Team:
Servillano A. Arzaga, CESO V, SDS
Mabel F. Musa, PhD, OIC-ASDS
Cyril C. Serador, PhD, CID Chief
Ronald S. Brillantes, EPS-LRMS Manager
Rolando A. Taha, EdD, EPS-Science
Eva Joyce C. Presto, PDO II
Rhea Ann A. Navilla, Librarian II
External Evaluator: Lovina Alolod-Hamora, PhD, College of Education,
Western Philippines University

Division of Puerto Princesa City-Learning Resource Management Section (LRMS)

Sta. Monica Heights, Bgy. Sta. Monica, Puerto Princesa City
Telephone No.: (048) 434 9438
Email Address: puertoprincesa@deped.gov.ph
 11
Earth and Life Science
Quarter I - Module 4
The Three Main Categories
of Rocks

This module was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators and program supervisors from public schools of the Division of
Puerto Princesa City. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations
to the Department of Education, Division of Puerto Princesa City at
puertoprincesa@deped.gov.ph.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

 Introductory Message

For the Teachers:

This learning material is designed to help learners enrich their learning
experiences by answering activities that are meaningful to their lives which can be
done by themselves. A variety of enjoyable tasks are presented.
Activities are provided as formative assessments to check the learner’s
understanding of the lesson. Given the range of learning activities in this package,
teachers are encouraged to freely adapt them to suit their school contexts and
learners’ needs, interests, and abilities.

For the Learner:

This Learning Resource The Three Main Categories of Rocks is developed

for you to enjoy while learning. There are various activities and check-up tests you
need to take.
Take note of the instructions as you journey through this module to have a solid
understanding of what you are expected to accomplish. Carefully read and follow the
instructions to hit what you are expected to do.
Answer keys are provided which you can refer to when checking your answers.
Record your score at the Learner’s Progress Chart and inform your teacher on your
development.
Feel free to use this material and if progress is not evident, you can make use
of it again until the desired passing mark is achieved.

As you read through this module, you will notice the following icons. They will
help you find your way around the module more quickly.

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need
competencies you are expected to learn in the
to Know module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check

what you already know about the lesson to
take.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.
 This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic.

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Learned sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will help

you transfer your new knowledge or skill in
real-life situations or concerns.

In this portion, another activity will be given to

Additional you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
Activities lesson learned

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

Assessment of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

Just remember, this module is not intended to replace textbooks and other
existing learning resources but rather to provide an additional alternative that is
contextualized and resilient to education systems that address the challenges of the
current pandemic.

-The Development Team

 This module is packed with notes and essential information covering everything
you need to know about the three main categories of rocks.

There are warm-up and exam-style practice questions for every part to give you
an idea of how well you have already grasped the lesson. This also contains topic-
based questions for focused skills to test your understanding of the concepts of the
lessons under the Most Essential Learning Competencies.

Content
II. EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES
A. Minerals and Rocks

Content Standard
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the three main
categories of rocks.

Most Essential Learning Competency

The learners should be able to classify rocks into igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic (S11ES-Ic-6)

By the end of this module, you should be able to cover the following lessons:

Lesson 1 - The Three Main Categories of Rocks

Learning Objectives:
▪ Identify the three types of rocks
▪ Explain how igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are formed
▪ Classify commonly found rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic

1
 Directions: Now, let’s see how much you already know about the
How much
do you already Three Main Categories of Rocks. Choose the letter of the best
know? answer. Circle the letter of your answer.

1. What do you call to anything that are formed from the compact aggregates of
different types of minerals or plain consolidated aggregates of the same material?
A. gems C. organic material
B. pure substance D. rock

2. Which of the following is NOT a rock?

A. Graphite C. Quartz
B. Marble D. Shale

3. If you live in areas near volcanoes, which type of rock would likely to be found in
the area?
A. Igneous C. Sedimentary
B. Metamorphic D. Terrigenous

4. All the following rocks are commonly found here in Puerto Princesa City. Which
does NOT belong to the group?
A. Granite C. Phyllite
B. Marble D. Silt

5. Which of these rocks can NEVER contain fossil fuel?

A. Basalt C. Sandstone
B. Limestone D. Shale

6. Which statement about metamorphic rocks is CORRECT?

A. They are formed from all types of rocks exposed to intense pressure and
temperature.
B. They are formed from the accumulated loose minerals.
C. They are formed from the cooling process of magma and lava.
D. They undergo lithification from which sediments are cemented and
compacted.

7. Which of the following properties is NOT a basis for igneous rock to be identified?
A. color
B. hardness
C. location of formation
D. texture

2
8. Igneous rocks are classified depending on the environment where the process of
crystallization occurred. Which of the following properly expresses this classification?
A. extrusive igneous: underneath Earth’s surface
B. intrusive igneous: on Earth’s surface
C. plutonic igneous: underneath Earth’s surface
D. volcanic igneous: underneath Earth’s surface

9. Which of the following BEST describes stalactites and stalagmites?

A. They are examples of sedimentary rocks.
B. They are limestones rock formations which are formed when dissolved
materials precipitate.
C. They are rock formations found in all caves.
D. They are sedimentary rocks that accumulated sedimentary debris by
organic processes.

10. What do you call to the process by which formation and growth of individual mineral
crystal occurs?
A. Cementation C. Lithification
B. Crystallization D. Metamorphism

11. Which metamorphic rock is formed from a sandstone?

A. Marble C. Shale
B. Quartzite D. Slate

12. Phyllite is an example of foliated rocks. How about coal?

A. Chemical sedimentary rock C. Organic sedimentary rock
B. Clastic sedimentary rock D. Rock-forming mineral

13. Aside from being an igneous extrusive rock, obsidian can also be classified as
aphanitic because of what reason?
A. It has big crystal parts. C. It is coarse-grained.
B. It has small crystals. D. It is fine-grained.

14. What type of rocks are found at Puerto Princesa underground river, Ugong Rock
and Karst mountain or Elephant Cave?
A. igneous C. metamorphic
B. limestone D. sedimentary

15. Metamorphic rock literally means “changed form”. Which of the following BEST
explains this?
A. Metamorphic rocks are always exposed to changing temperature and
pressure.
B. Metamorphic rocks are formed from the changes of the physical and
chemical properties of any type of rock.
C. Metamorphic rocks crystallize from igneous rocks subjected to intense
temperature.
D. Metamorphic rocks metamorphose to sedimentary after its exposure to
low temperature and pressure.

3
 Lesson
The Three Main Categories
1 of Rocks

Lithosphere, as the part shared by

both of our planet’s mantle and crust, is
incredibly significant to all the existing
terrestrial lives. It holds reservoir of
underground water, minerals, and other
natural resources. But, did you know that
this very portion of the Earth is made up
of tons of rocks? Yes! Rocks make it rigid
and are subjected to tectonic activities
that later resulted to its differentiation. (Source: Jordan Balintac, Puerto Princesa
Underground River,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puerto_Princ
Rocks are compact aggregates of esa_Underground_River_27.jpg. Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International)
different types of minerals or plain
consolidated aggregates of the same Figure 1. Karst limestone formation of Puerto Princesa
kind. Despite of its same composition Subterranean River National Park, One of the seven
new wonders of the world!
(minerals), rocks differ in terms of origin
and properties. Petrology (derived from the) Greek words “petra” which means “rock”
and “logos” which means “study”), a special branch of Geology that deals on rocks,
lead us to fully use rocks as our key to solve puzzles of how planet Earth came to be
and how is it being continually shaped as time goes by.

Last time, you have learned about minerals as the common building blocks of
rocks from which its composition is based on the different naturally occurring elements
found here on Earth. Optical and physical properties help us identify the mineral
whether it is elemental in composition or not. It is important that we know these
properties since they are used to classify rocks as well. Let us recall the different
properties through the anagram below.

4
Activity: Arrange Me
Directions: Arrange the following scrambled letters based on the clue given on the left
side.

1. It refers to the quality of light on the L E S U R T

surface of a rock, crystal, or
mineral.

2. A property that is caused by the C R O O L

absorption, or lack of visible light.

3. This refers to the color of the

powdered mineral produced when it T A K E R S
is dragged across a compact
surface.

H E R D A N S S
4. It is the mineral’s ability to resist
scratching or abrasion.

L E A V C A G E
5. The tendency of a mineral to split
along planes of weakness.

P I E S C C I F

6. It is the ratio of the density of a T R A V I G Y

substance to the density of a given
reference material.
__________________________________
__________________________________

5
 As mentioned earlier, rocks vary due to its origin and properties. There are three
types or classifications of rocks – Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic. Some of the
commonly found rocks here in Puerto Princesa City are presented on the next activity.
Can you identify and classify them? Let’s try!
Activity: Rock Baby Rock!
Look on the different rock samples presented on the table below. Which of the following
rocks is metamorphic? Sedimentary? or igneous? How many of these rocks can you
name?

Table 1. Rock Samples

(Source: James St. John, (Source: Jeremy Pike, Peridotite, (Source: James St. John, Metcalf
ferruginous siltstone, https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org Phyllite,
https://ccsearch.creativecommons.o /photos/70c69210-8c4a-428d-8316- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wi
rg/photos/0b8d7375-91a2-4eb3- 435c7f9e321a. Creative Commons ki/Category:Metcalf_Phyllite_(Gre
81d5-0a51e71f8e51. Creative Attribution-NonCommercialShareAlike at_Smoky_Mountains,_Tennesse
Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic) 2.0 Generic) e). Creative Commons Attribution
2.0 Generic)
A B C

(Source: James St. John, Gabbro, (Source: James St. John, Quartzite (Source: James St. John, Basalt
https://ccsearch.creativecommons.o 4,https://ccsearch.creativecommons.o 1,https://ccsearch.creativecommo
rg/photos/dd1e6e3f-cca0-4b02- rg/photos/1a7a3afa-0821-4110-9974- ns.org/photos/4ee5f339-bc0d-
869e-02eb04ca69c7. Creative 025b968107d5. Creative Commons 4c6a-b4e4-2dea3e00c13c.
Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic) Attribution 2.0 Generic) Creative Commons Attribution 2.0
Generic)
D E F
Rocks that are commonly found in Puerto Princesa City. Specifically, in Barangay Irawan,
Iwahig, Concepcion, and Babuyan respectively.

6
Directions: On your answer sheet, classify the given rocks as sedimentary, igneous,
or metamorphic. Write the letter representing the rock sample in the table below.

Igneous Rock Sedimentary Rock Metamorphic Rock

QUESTION: What is your basis in identifying the type of the rock samples presented?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Go outside and look for a rock. Observe it. How are you going to describe its texture?
How about its shape? Can you tell where does it come from?
Generally, rocks can be described as aphanitic or phaneritic. Aphanitic rocks
are those who have grain size which are too small to observe while Phaneritic rocks
are the opposite since it has grains that are big enough for our naked eyes to see.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF ROCKS

There are three types of rocks as mentioned earlier. We have the igneous,
sedimentary, and metamorphic. All of these are considered mixture of different pure
substances from which minerals are composed of.

Igneous Rock

Igneous rock derived its name from the Latin word “ignis” which means fire.
This type of rock is the result of the crystallization of molten material that is subjected
to high temperature and pressure. Once energy is released in the form of heat,
solidification process (liquid to solid state) will occur. Crystallization, which is the
process of formation and growth of individual mineral crystal, determines the type of
igneous rock that will be formed.

Igneous intrusive or Plutonic igneous rocks are formed when the parent
material, magma, does not reach up Earth surface and cools down underneath. This
type of igneous rock takes thousand or even million years to solidify due to its extremely
hot surrounding. Most of the common example of plutonic rocks are the gabbro, diorite,
andesite and peridotite which we have here in Palawan. This type of rock is phaneritic
or coarse-grained in texture.

7
 Igneous extrusive or volcanic
igneous rocks on the other hand, is
formed when the magma reached
Earth’s surface or erupt onto the surface
from a volcanic eruption. The liquid
material coming out from a volcano
(lava) solidifies and becomes extrusive Intrusive igneous rocks are
igneous rocks because of its exposure to formed from magma that
air or into the bodies of the water. This cools slowly and as a result
type of igneous rock is fine-grained or these rocks are coarse
aphanitic in nature. Most common grained.

examples are basalt, obsidian, and fire

opal which Palawan also has.
Igneous rock can also be (Source: Jasmin Ros, Formation of Igneous Rock,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Igneous_rock
classified based on its color as felsic _eng_text.jpg. Creative Commons Attribution 1.0)
(from “feldsfar” and “silicon”) and mafic Universal
Figure 2. Types of Igneous rocks based on the location
(from “magnesium” and “ferric”). Felsic of crystallization.
igneous rocks are light in coloration due
to high concentration of the feldsfar that is rich in aluminum. On the contrary, mafic
igneous rocks are dark-colored due to huge presence of olivine and pyroxene that are
rich in magnesium and iron.

Table 2. Samples of Igneous Rocks

(Source: James St. John, Gabbro,
https://ccsearch.creativecommons.
org/photos/dd1e6e3f-cca0-4b02-
869e-02eb04ca69c7. Creative
Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic)
GABBRO
(Source: James St. John, Diorite,
https://ccsearch.creativecommons.
org/photos/52041ccd-d67c-48a3-
909b-e41e4517c32e. Creative
Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic)
DIORITE
(Source: Jeremy Pike, Peridotite,
https://ccsearch.creativecommons.
org/photos/70c69210-8c4a-428d-
8316-435c7f9e321a. Creative
Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0
Generic)
PERIDOTITE

(Source: Lapworth Museum of

(Source: Kevinzim, Obsidian, (Source: James St. John, Basalt 1,
Geology, Red Opal BIRUG 824,
https://ccsearch.creativecommons. https://ccsearch.creativecommons.
https://ccsearch.creativecommons.
org/photos/b76b01ce-1298-4316- org/photos/4ee5f339-bc0d-4c6a-
org/photos/eeb21f9e-6c0f-40ce-
b8fc-602b569cb070. Creative b4e4-2dea3e00c13c. Creative
a2c9-48b2cc354031. Creative
Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic) Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic)
Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial 4.0 International)
OBSIDIAN FIRE OPAL BASALT

8
 Rocks in the 1st row (gabbro, diorite, and peridotite), are all intrusive or plutonic
while rocks found in the 2nd row (obsidian, fire opal and basalt), are all extrusive
or volcanic igneous rocks.

1. How are you going to describe the properties of the rock samples based on its
color and texture?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. Does igneous rock contain fossils? Why and why not?

______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________

Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks are

derived from sediments that are loose
accumulation of uncontrolled
framents. These sediments undergo
lithification, which is a process of
cementing and compacting these
loose materials. Palawan, as one of
the islands in the Philippine
archipelago, has numerous
sedimentary rocks. In fact, we have (Source: Jessartcam, Inside the Palawan Underground
River,https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inside_the
those mesmerizing limestone forests. _Palawan_underground_River.jpg. Creative Commons
To name a few, we have one of the Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International)
seven new wonders of the world – Figure 3. Limestone Karst Formation of Puerto Princesa
Puerto Princesa Underground River Underground River
found at Sitio Sabang, Barangay
Cabayugan (see figure 3.a), Ugong Rock at Barangay Tagabinet and the huge Karst
mountain, also known as Elephant Cave. These rock formations were shaped for a long
time and witnessed the aging of our planet. Because of the compaction and
cementation of sediments, fossils were not unusual to be found in this type of rocks
(see figure 3.b). Sedimentary rocks can be identified according to its texture, nature
and shape of the sediments and presence of cements. There are three main types of
sedimentary rocks.

Clastic sedimentary or terrigenous rocks are derived from mechanical

weathering which involves the breakdown of rocks into smaller ones at the surface of
the crust, accumulate as clasts then piled on top of one another and lithified. Common
examples are the sandstones, silts, and shales.

9
 (Source: Jimmagro, Puerto Princesa Underground
River,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Underground
_River_in_Puerto_Princesa,_Palawan_05.JPG.
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0
International)
(Source: Ray in Manila, Puerto Princesa
Subterranean River,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Puerto_Pr
incesa_Subterranean_River_National_Park,_One
_of_The_new_7_Wonders_of_Nature_Palawan.jp
g. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic)

Figure 4. (left) A stalactite – mushroom formation and (right) stalagmites that grow in the cave floor. Both
stalactite and stalagmite can be found in Puerto Princesa Subterranean Underground River.

These classes of rocks can be found here in our city such as in Barangay Irawan
and Langogan.On the other hand, Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed when
dissolved materials precipitate from the solution. Examples are rock salt, iron ore and
some limestone such as stalactite (hangs like an icicle from the ceiling or sides of caves)
and stalagmite (like an inverted stalactite that is rising from the floor).

In addition to these two types of sedimentary rocks, we have the Organic

sedimentary rocks. This sedimentary rock is similar with terrigenous rock in terms of
formation. The difference is, organic sedimentary rocks are formed by accumulated
sedimentary debris caused by organic processes. These rocks may contain fossils of
plants or animals trapped in the sediments as rocks are lithified. Examples are coals,
some dolomites, and some limestones such as those rocks found in Puerto Princesa
underground river containing the 20-million-year old sea cow (see figure 3.b).

3. Aside from the stalactite and stalagmite formation presented, what other rock
formation can be seen in Puerto Princesa Subterranean Underground River?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Metamorphic rock got its name from the Greek words “meta”, meaning change
and “morph” which means form. In geology, it is an infinite fact that earth is dynamic
and always undergo changes. These changes could cause rocks to be pressed, bend
or deeply buried under layers of other rocks leading to the increase of temperature and
pressure. This increase could further lead to the physical and chemical change in the
original rock, forming a new one through the process of metamorphism.

10
 The product of this process is the metamorphic rock. This type of rock composed
large part of the Earth’s crust and can be classified based on texture, chemical and
mineral make-up. Non-foliated metamorphic rocks are formed when rocks are
heated by intrusion. It shows colored bands that reflects exceedingly small impurities
for they have uniform texture and do not have parallel layered appearance. They are
better identified on their composition. Examples of this are marbles which Romblon is
abundant with and quartzite where barangay Langogan is rich with.

Foliated metamorphic rocks are formed within Earth’s interior under extremely
high temperature and unequal pressure. This case of different pressure causes the
minerals in the original rock to reorient themselves and gives the rock a layered band
appearance. Foliated rocks are better identified based on their texture. Some of the
common foliated metamorphic rocks found here in Puerto Princesa City are the slates
and phyllites.

Table 3. Samples of Metamorphic Rocks

Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

Rock Sample Texture

Slate

Smooth and fine

(Source: Pixabay, Slate, www.freepix.com. Creatice Commons Attribution No

Right Reserved)

Phyllite
Rough and coarse

(Source: James St. John, Metcalf Phyllite,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Metcalf_Phyllite.
Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic)

11
 Non-foliated Metamorphic Rocks
Rock Sample Rock Sample
Marble

Limestone

(Source: Obaneko, Quartz,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quartz_rock_in_the_Altay_Mountains.jpg.
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported)

Quartzite
Sandstone

(Source: James St. John, Quartzite 4,

https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org/photos/1a7a3afa-0821-4110-9974-
025b968107d5. Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic)

Slate and phyllite show the difference in terms of texture because of the foliation
or the repetitive layering. Marble and quartzite on the other hand, are non-foliated but
show difference in composition. They are harder and recrystallized compared to the
original rock which they were made from.

4. Can any type of rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) become

metamorphic? Why or why not?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

12
Activity 1: Rock ID
Directions: Rocks are presented below in the horizontal picture list. Create rock ID
using the metacard given to help these rocks uncover their nature. Identify its
classification, its subtype, texture, composition and how it is formed.

(Source: James St. John, (Source: James St. John, (Source: James St. John,
Gneiss, Rhyodacite Pumice, Sandstone,https://ccsearch.crea
https://ccsearch.creativecommon https://ccsearch.creativecommon tivecommons.org/photos/d7add
s.org/photos/289f65b7-4bb1- s.org/photos/6fc68be3-709c- 99c-59a2-46cf-9610-
488d-9e1a-b4ff6ac36931. 4cec-ad72-a02dbe4ae429. f5add024aec6. Creative
Creative Commons Attribution Creative Commons Attribution Commons Attribution 2.0
2.0 Generic) 2.0 Generic) Generic)
Hello! I am
Lava is my sanstone and I am
Hi! I am gneiss parent material the combination of
and I know I and I have kins many particles
look like a left underneath that are always
zebra because Earth. My name deposited from
of my parallel one place to
is Pumice by another.
layered stripes. the way.

ROCK METACARD

13
Questions:

1. What are the differences among the properties of igneous, metamorphic, and
sedimentary rocks?
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. Cite at least 6 commonly found rocks here in Puerto Princesa City and identify
its classification or type.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Activity 2: Rocky Matters

Directions: Using the Venn diagram, differentiate each types of rocks. Write the
attributes or descriptions relating to each rock’s category on the outer portion. The
similarities between the types of rocks must be written in the overlapping portion of the
circles.

14
Activity 3: Rocky Road
Directions: Create a rock identification flowchart. Draw the flowchart in the space box
provided below.

Activity: Complete the Thoughts!

Now that you are almost done, let us check our set learning outcomes by sharing
and completing your thoughts as you follow the sentence cue.

1. I have identified that the three types of rocks are

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

2. I have learned that the properties of each rocks are

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

3. I have classified some of the commonly found rocks here in the city such
as
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

15
Activity: House of Rocks
Directions: Read the the situation below and answer the questions provided.
Your family decided to build a new house. Coincidentally, in the area near your
new place, reservoir of granite, marble and limestone can be found. However, the new
place where your new house will be built is exposed to extreme changing weather.
Now, your parents are in the process of selecting the materials to be used to build the
column of your house. Your father wants to use limestone because of its availability.
Your mother on the hand chose marble but your older sister keeps on insisting to use
granite. They asked for your opinion (financial matter aside), what would you say? Why
is it important to know the type and properties of rocks before building a structure?

_________________________________________________________________
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Activity: What Am I?
Directions: Identify the term being described in each item.
1. The study of rocks.
2. The fundamental building materials of lithosphere.
3. The building blocks of rocks.
4. A sub type of sedimentary rock that is commonly found in limestone
caverns.
5. These are rocks that have undergone solidification from a molten
condition.
6. Materials that are loose accumulation of uncontrolled fragments.
7. The process of cementing and compacting sediments to form rocks.

8. A sub classification of igneous rock that is characterized by light

coloration due to the presence of feldsfar that is rich in element
Aluminum.
9. A type of texture that is said to be rough and coarse-grained.
10. The process of changing the physical and chemical properties of the
original rock which form a new type of rock due to intense temperature
and pressure.

Activity: Who Am I?
Directions: Classify the following rocks in pool as igneous, metamorphic, and
sedimentary.

Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

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 How much have you improved? Check your
improvement index on Answer Key.

Directions: Choose the best answer. Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is NOT a rock?
A. Graphite C. Quartz
B. Marble D. Shale

2. What do you call to anything that are formed from the compact aggregates of
different types of minerals or plain consolidated aggregates of the same material?
A. gems
B. pure substance
C. organic material
D. rocks

3. Which of these rocks can NEVER contain fossil fuel?

A. Basalt C. Shale
B. Limestone D. Sandstone

4. If you live in areas near volcanoes, which type of rock would likely to be found in
the area?
A. Igneous C. Sedimentary
B. Metamorphic D. Terrigenous

5. All the following rocks are commonly found here in Puerto Princesa City. Which
does NOT belong to the group?
A. Granite C. Phyllite
B. Marble D. Silt

6. Igneous rocks are classified depending on the environment where the process of
crystallization occurred. Which of the following properly expresses this
classification?
A. extrusive igneous: underneath Earth’s surface
B. intrusive igneous: on Earth’s surface
C. plutonic igneous: underneath Earth’s surface
D. volcanic igneous: underneath Earth’s surface

7. Which statement about metamorphic rocks is CORRECT?

A. They are formed from all types of rocks exposed to intense pressure and
temperature.
B. They are formed from the accumulated loose minerals.
C. They are formed from the cooling process of magma and lava.
D. They undergo lithification from which sediments are cemented and
compacted.

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8. What do you call to the process by which formation and growth of individual mineral
crystal occurs?
A. cementation C. metamorphism
B. crystallization D. lithification

9. Which of the following properties is NOT a basis for igneous rock to be identified?
A. color C. location of formation
B. hardness D. texture

10. Which metamorphic rock is formed from a sandstone?

A. Marble C. Shale
B. Quartzite D. Slate

11. What type of rocks are found at Puerto Princesa underground river, Ugong Rock
and Karst mountain or Elephant Cave?
A. igneous C. metamorphic
B. limestone D. sedimentary

12. Aside from being an igneous extrusive rock, obsidian can also be classified as
aphanitic because of what reason?
A. It has big crystal parts. C. It is coarse-grained.
B. It has small crystals. D. It is fine-grained.

13. Phyllite is an example of foliated rocks. How about coal?

A. Chemical sedimentary rock
B. Clastic sedimentary rock
C. Organic sedimentary rock
D. Rock-forming mineral

14. Metamorphic rock literally means “changed form”. Which of the following BEST
supports and explains this?
A. Metamorphic rocks are always exposed to changing temperature and
pressure.
B. Metamorphic rocks are formed from the changes of the physical and
chemical properties of any type of rock.
C. Metamorphic rocks crystallize from igneous rocks subjected to intense
temperature.
D. Metamorphic rocks metamorphose to sedimentary after its exposure to low
temperature and pressure.

15. Which of the following describes stalactites and stalagmites?

A. They are examples of sedimentary rocks.
B. They are limestones rock formations which are formed when dissolved
materials precipitate.
C. They are rock formations found in all caves.
D. They are sedimentary rocks that accumulated sedimentary debris by organic
processes.

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 20
What I Know What’s In
1. D 6. A 11. B 1. LUSTER
2. C 7. B 12. C 2. COLOR
3. A 8. C 13. D 3. STREAK
4. B 9. B 14. D 4. HARDNESS
5. A 10. D 15. B 5. CLEAVAGE
6. SPECIFIC GRAVITY
What’s New
ROCK BABY A ROCK!!!
IGNEOUS SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC
B (Gabbro) A (Silt/siltstone) C (Phyllite)
D (Peridotite) E (Shale) E (Quartzite)
What is your basis for identifying the type of the rock samples presented?
➢ Properties of rock such as texture and color.
BRAIN TEASERS!!!
1. How are you going to describe the properties of the rock samples based on its color and texture?
➢ The rock samples - obsidian, fire opal and basalt, are aphanitic or fine-grained while Gabro,
peridotite and diorite are coarse-grained or phaneritic. Furthermore, obsidian, basalt, gabro and
peridotite are mafic or has dark color while fire opal and diorite share same color attribute which
is felsic or light in color.
2. Does igneous rock contain fossils? Why and why not?
➢ It does not. This is because, igneous rocks are formed from the molten materials. Fossils cannot
withstand such high temperature therefore, destroyed.
3. Aside from the stalactite and stalagmite formation presented, what other rock formation can be seen
in Puerto Princesa Subterranean Underground River?
➢ Answer may vary as long as the rock formation is found within the underground river.
4. Can any type of rock (igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic) becomes metamorphic? Why or why
not?
➢ Yes. Metamorphic rock is formed through recrystallization of a protolith or a parent/original rock.
This protolith can be any type of rock regardless of its properties and attributes. Once this parent
rock (sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous) is subjected to temperature and pressure
enough to recrystallize, a new rock which is metamorphic is formed.
 21
What’s More
1. What are the differences among the properties of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks?
➢ These rocks vary when it comes to texture and origin. Sedimentary rocks are usually fine-grained
and formed through compaction and cementation of sediments. Metamorphic rocks are different in
terms of formation for this type of rocks could be formed in a wider scope and range. Its texture could
be aphanitic and phaneritic depending on the condition it was exposed during formation. Lastly,
igneous rocks are formed from molten materials within and extruded on Earth’s surface. It could be
also felsic or mafic in terms of its coloration and aphanitic or phaneritic, depending on the location of
the crystallization.
2. Cite at least 6 commonly found rocks here in Puerto Princesa City and identify its classification or type.
➢ (Answer may vary)
➢ Basalt – Extrusive Igneous Rock
➢ Gabbro – Intrusive Igneous Rock
➢ Shales – Clastic Sedimentary Rock
➢ Limestone – Chemical Sedimentary Rock
➢ Quartzite – Non-foliated Metamorphic Rock
➢ Slates – Foliated Metamorphic Rock
What I Can Do
The use of granite could be considered more because of its properties. Limestone as a sedimentary
rock is quite not strong to used for building houses. The option would then be reduced to granite and
marble. Granite is an igneous rock while marble is a metamorphic one. Both rocks are used for counter
tops or dining table in the kitchen, but these rocks differ when factors such as changing weather is
concern. Between the two, granite is more resistant to changing temperature because of its weather-
resistant mineral components such as quartz, potassium feldspar, and sodium feldspar. These minerals
are usually found in the igneous type of rocks.
Knowing the types of rock could help you identify its properties such as its resistance to heat, its strength,
color and texture which could help you as your reference for your decision involving the matter.
 22
Your improvement index:
Assessment / 15
X 100 = %
What I Know / 15
Additional Activities
A
1. Petrology 6. Sediments
2. Rocks 7. Lithification
3. Mineral 8. Felsic
4. Chemical sedimentary rock 9. Phaneritic
5. Igneous rock 10. Metamorphism
B
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
Granite Calcite Marble
Basalt Shale Schist
Diorite Limestone Quartzite
Andesite Sandstone Slate
Pumice Halite
Conglomerate
Gympsum
Assessment
1. C 6. C 11. D
2. D 7. A 12. D
3. A 8. C 13. C
4. A 9. B 14. B
5. B 10. B 15. B
 References

BOOKS
Faltado, Ruben E., Lopez, Merle B., and Gloria Salandan. “Material of the
Earth.” In Earth and Life for Senior High School (Core Subject). LORIMAR
Publishing, Inc., 2016

Bayo-ang, Roly B., Coronacion Maria Lourdes G., Jorda, Annamae T., and Anna
Jamille Restubog. “Earth Materials and Processes: Minerals and Rocks.” In
Earth and Life Science for Senior High School. Educational Resources
Corporation, 2016

ARTICLE

Asiedu, Daniel K., David, Sevillo D., Suzuki, Shigeyuki, Tekemura, Shizou, and
Graciano Yumul JR. 2008. “Composition and provenance of the Upper
Cretaceous to Eocene sandstones in Central Palawan, Philippines: Constraints
on the tectonic development of Palawan.” Researchgate. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-
1738.2000.00306.x

WEB E-VERSION
King, Hobart B., Ph.D., RPG. Types of Rocks. Accessed June 3, 2020.
https://geology.com/rocks/igneous-rocks.shtml

Morrison, John., Philippines: Islands of Palawan, Balabac, Ursula, and the Calamian
Group. Accessed June 3, 2020.
https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/im0143

WEBSITE
Puerto Princesa City Government. “Geology.” Accessed June 3, 2020.
http://puertoprincesa.ph/?q=about-our-city/geology
Merriam-Webster, Inc. Accessed June 5, 2020.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/learner-english/

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24
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Division of Puerto Princesa City

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