Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol 525 (2014) pp 218-221 Online: 2014-02-06

© (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.525.218

Dynamic Reliability of Stochastic Truss Structures under Random Load

Ming Liu a, Huimei Zhangb

College of Sciences, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710054, China
a
liuming1075@163.com, b zhanghuimei68@163.com

Keywords: Stochastic parameter, Random load, Pseudo excitation method, Random factor
method.
Abstract. Aim at the dynamic reliability of stochastic truss structures under stationary random
excitation. In consideration of the randomness of structural physical parameters and the geometric
parameters and the random excitations were first transformed into sinusoidal ones in terms of the
pseudo excitation method ( PEM) , that turned the joint-random problem into a single random
problem for which only structural parameters remain random, and thus the analysis is greatly
simplified. The mean value and the variance of the mean square value of the structural displacement
and velocity were computed by using the theory of spectral analysis. And then the expressions of
stochastic truss structural dynamic reliability were educed from the Poisson formula. Finally, the
influence of the randomness of structural parameters on the structural dynamic reliability was
analyzed by an example; the method of this paper was proved feasible and available comparing with
the Monte Carlo method.

Introduction
The theoretical framework of classical random vibration has been established and is already available.
The analysis of structures with deterministic characteristic to random excitations has been reported
extensively in the literature. But in practice, the randomness of material properties and the variety of
random factors in manufacturing and the installation process will result in randomness of structural
dynamic characteristics[1], [2].Based on the structural dynamic reliability method, and in view of the
randomness of modulus of elasticity and density, the paper studied the dynamic reliability of
stochastic truss structure under stationary random process excitation.

Structural stationary random dynamic response analysis

The dynamic equation of the structure under stationary excitation can be given by
MX&& + CX& + KX = F (t ) (1)
Where M , C , K are the mass, damping and stiffness matrices, respectively. X&& , X& , X are the structural
displacement vector, velocity vector and acceleration vector, respectively. F (t ) is the stationary
random load force vector.
In consideration of the randomness of structural physical parameters and the geometric
parameters .The stiff matrix K and massmatrix M of truss structure in global coordinate can be,
respectively, expressed as
%% #
EA
K= K ; M = ρ% AlM %% # (2)
%l
Where K # and M # is the determinate part in stiff matrices and mass matrices,and E% , ρ% , A% , l% is the
random variable factor of structural physical parameters and the geometric parameters , its mean
value is 1.0 .
When X=ФY,substituting Eq. (2) into Eq. (1) , Eq. (1) can be written
Y&& + diag [ 2ξiωi ] Y& + diag ωi2  Y = Φ T F (t ) (3)

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 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 525 219

Where ωi and Φ are ith order inherence frequency and mode shape of structure ;respectively, ξi is the
mode damping of structure, by using the Rayliegh’s quotient
2 ΦT K Φ
expression ωi = T and Φ i =
{ϕi } , combining Eq. (2), we can get
Φ MΦ T
{ϕ } M {ϕ } i i

E% # 1
Ω= Ω ，Φ = Φ# (4)
ρ% l% 2 %%
ρ% Al
Let diag ωi 2  = Ω 2 , diag [ 2ξiωi ] = 2ξΩ , by using the pseudo excitation method[3], Let
F% (t ) = P Seiωt (5)
Where, P is a invariable vector, which expresses the status of outside force distributing.
Substituting Eq. (5)and Eq. (4) into Eq. (3) , Eq. (3) can be written
E% # %& E% 1
Y&&% + 2ξ % 2
Ω Y + % 2
( Ω # 2 %
) Y = (Φ # )T P Seiωt (6)
ρl
% ρl
% %
ρ% Al%
Solve Eq. (6), Y% can be obtained
−1
 E% # E%  1
Y% =  −ω 2 I + 2iωξ Ω + 2 (Ω # ) 2  (Φ # )T P Seiωt (7)
 ρ% l% 2
ρl  %%
ρ% Al
X% can be obtained
−1
 E% # E%  1
X% = ΦY% =  −ω 2 I + 2iωξ Ω + 2 (Ω # ) 2  Φ # (Φ # )T P Seiωt
%
ρ% l 2
ρl % %
  ρ% Al
 2 %% % % # 2  −1 # # T
EA
% %
=  −ω ρ% AlI + 2iωξ A ρ% E Ω + #
(Ω )  Φ (Φ ) P S eiωt (8)
%l
 
= H% Φ # (Φ # )T P Seiωt
Where H% is diagonal matrix and its diagonal element can be expressed as

 2 %% % % # 2  −1
EA
% % #
hi =  −ω ρ% Al + 2iωξi A ρ% Eωi + (ωi )  (9)
 l% 
and S hi can be expressed as
−1
  % % # 2 2
EA 2

∗
i
%%+
Shi = hi ∗ h =   −ω 2 ρ% Al %l ( ωi )  + 4ω 2 2 %2
ξ i A % E% (ωi# ) 
ρ (10)
   
Let S H = diag [ Sh ] ,the power spectral density matrix of the displacement response is
T T
S XX = S H ∗ S P = S H Φ # ( Φ # ) PPT Φ # ( Φ # ) S (11)
Integrating S XX within the frequency domain, the mean square value matrix of the structural
displacement response, that is,ψ X2 andψ X2& can be obtained
 ∞
ψ X2 = ∫ S XX ( ω )dω
 −∞
 ∞ ∞
(12)
ψ X& = ∫ S XX
2
& & ( ω ) d ω = ∫ ω S XX ( ω ) d ω
2
 −∞ −∞

From Eq. (12), µψ 2 , σψ 2 , µψ 2& , σψ 2& can be obtained.

X X X X
220 Development of Industrial Manufacturing

Dynamic reliability analysis of stochastic structures

With regard to the deterministic structure under the excitation of stationary random process[4], [5] ,if
the times of structural displacement response that intersect with the given bounds subject to Poisson
process, so we can obtain Poisson formula of the structural dynamic reliability in certain time ,that is
 1 ψ X&   λ2   λ 2   
Ri ( t ) = exp − i
t  exp  − ia2  + exp  − ib2    (13)
2π ψ   2ψ X   2ψ X  
 X i   i   
i  

By virtue of the randomness of structural physical parameter and geometric parameter, this will lead
to structural dynamic reliability also having randomness. By using moment method of solving
numerical features of stochastic variable, we can obtain the mean value and variances of structural
dynamic reliability of structures with stochastic parameter [6] is as following
   λ2   λ 2  
 1 µψ X& i  
µ Ri (t ) = exp − t exp  − ia
 + exp  − ib    (14)
 2π µψ Xi   2 µψ 2   2 µψ 2   
 Xi   Xi  

σ R2 (t ) = µ R2 (t )Y12σψ2 + µ R2 (t )Y22σψ2 + µ R2 (t )Y1Y2σψ σψ
i i X& i i Xi i Xi X& i
(15)

1 1   λ2   λ 2 
Where, Y1 = − t exp − 2 + exp  − ib2  
  ia

2π µ ψ X   2 µψ   2 µψ  
i   Xi   Xi  

1 µψ X& i   λ2   λ 2   1 µψ X&   λia2  2  λ2  

Y2 = t  exp  − ia
 + exp  − ib
  + i
t  exp  −  λ + exp  − ib λ2 
2π µψ2 X   2 µψ2   2 µψ2   2π µψ4   2 µψ2  ia  2 µψ2  ib 
i   Xi   Xi  Xi   Xi   Xi  
µ , σ are respectively the mean value and variance of corresponding to subscripts.

Examples
According to the preceding computing formula and the solving method, the corresponding
computational program is designed. A 12-bar planar intelligent truss structure is used as example(Fig.
1). The material of this structure is steel. The elastic module E, mass density ρ , length l and
crosssectional area A are all random variables: µ E = 2.058 ×1011 pa ， µ ρ = 76.5 kN m3 ，
µ A = 1× 10 −3 m 2 ， µl = 2 m . and let ξ = 0.01. F is a Gauss stochastic process load and its mean value
is zero.Its self-power spectral density is
x2
S ( ω ) = 4 KV102 4
ω (1 + x 2 ) 3
Where K =0.0033, V10 = 20 m s , x = 1200ω / V10 , ωc = 200 Hz , CE ρ = 0.5 .
In order to investigate the effect of the dispersal degree of random variables E , l , ρ and A on the
structural dynamic response, different models are selected and the values of variation coefficients of
parameters E , l , ρ and A are, respectively, taken as a different group. Fig. 2. shows the mean value
curve of dynamic reliability of the nodal 8 ,when t=800s in Table 1,we can obtain the result of this
paper comparing with the mean value of dynamic reliability by simulating 2000 times with Monte
Carlo method .
Table 1 The results of this paper method compare with Monte Carlo method
µ R （800s） γ (E) γ ( A) γ (ρ ) γ (l )
In paper 0.9972 0.9976 0.9976 0.9964
Monte Carlo 0.9961 0.9971 0.9972 0.9935
 Applied Mechanics and Materials Vol. 525 221

l
(12) F
7 8 1.000

(9) (10) (11) 0.999

l
(8) 0.998
5 6
0.997

µR
(5) (6) (7 )
l 0.996
γ(ρ)=0.09
(4)
0.995 γ(A)=0.09
3 4
γ(E)=0.09
0.994
l (1) (2) (3) γ(l)=0.09
0.993
1 2 0 200 400 600 800 100012001400
t/s

Fig.1 12-bar planar truss structure Fig. 2 The mean of dynamic reliability under different condition

Conclusions
The following conclusions can be obtained through the examples and analysis results.The analytical
results of the method proposed in this paper are in accordance with that of the Monte-Carlo simulation
method, by which the effectiveness of our method is verified. The effects of the randomness of E , l ,
ρ and A on the mean of structural dynamic reliability are different; the randomness of bar’s length
l produces the greatest effect on the mean of structural dynamic reliability.With time increasing, the
influence of variation of random parameter on dynamic reliability will also become larger. The
computational expressions of the mean of structural dynamic reliability under the stationary random
excitation are developed in this paper, the dynamic reliability analysis results of the random structure
to the stochastic excitation can be obtained expediently. The examples show that the model and
method of the stationary random dynamic response analysis of stochastic structure presented in this
paper are rational and feasible.

References
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Engineering&Mechnics, 2002,13(2):231-239.
[2] J.J. Chen. Analysis of engineering structures response to random wind excitation.
Computers&Structures, 1994, 51(6):687-693.
[3] Jiahao Lin, Ping Yi. Stationary random responses of structures with stochastic parameters.
Chinese journal of computational mechanics,2001,18(4):402-407, in Chinese.
[4] Taibin Hu, Jianjun Chen, Xiaobing Wang. Displacement dynamic reliability analysis of stochastic
rigid frames under stationary random excitation. Journal of Mechanical Strength,
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[5] Taibin Hu. stochastic structure dynamic analysis and optimization design based on dynamic
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Development of Industrial Manufacturing
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Dynamic Reliability of Stochastic Truss Structures under Random Load

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