Name April 21st, 2008

Section: 9AM or 10 AM

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 108

EXAM
Common Ion Effect, Buffers and Weak Acid Titrations 4
MULTIPLE CHOICE (4 points each, total of 32 points)
Use the list of weak acid Ka values below to answer multiple choice questions 1-4

A) chloroacetic acid, Ka = 1.4x10-3

B) benzoic acid, Ka = 6.3 x10-5
C) formic acid, Ka = 1.8x10-4
D) citric acid, Ka1 = 7.4x10-4, Ka2 = 1.7x10-5, Ka3 = 4.0x10-7
E) tartaric acid Ka1 = 1.3x10-3, Ka2 = 4.6x10-5
F) malonic acid: Ka1 = 1.5x10-3, Ka2 = 2.6x10-6
G) phenolic acid: Ka = 1.3x10-10

_____ 1. Which weak acid, when dissolved in water at 1.0M, would form the
solution with the highest pH?

_____ 2. Which weak acid would be the best choice to create a buffer with a pH of
5.6?

_______________ 3. Identify ALL the diprotic weak acids in the list above.

_____ 4. Identify the weak acid from the list above who’s conjugate base will have a
kb of 5.6x10-11.

_____ 5. The solubility of which of the following inorganic salts will not be affected
by a change in the pH of the solution?

A) BaC2O2
B) CaF2
C) AgBr
D) PbF2
E) PbS
______ 6. Of the following, only _____ forms a useful buffer system.

A) 1.0M NH3 / 0.5M NaOH

B) 1.0M NH3 / 0.5M NaC2H3O2
C) 1.0M NH3 / 0.5M C2 H 3 O 2 -
D) 1.0M NH3 / 0.5M NaCl
E) 1.0M NH3 / 0.5M HCl

_____ 7. Which of the following solutions, when added to 100mL of 0.100M

lactic acid (HC3H5O3), will lower the pH of the overall solution.

HC3H5O3 (aq)   H+(aq) + C3H5O3-(aq)

A) 50.0mL of pure H2O
B) 50.0mL of 1.00M (C3H5O3)-
C) 50.0mL of 1.00M KCl
D) 50.0mL of 1.00M HCl
E) 50.0mL of 1.00M KOH

_____ 8. The solubility of lanthanum fluoride (LaF3 Ksp = 2.0x10-19)

A) varies as a function of temperature.

B) varies as a function of the pH of the solution.
C) can be reduced by adding NaF to the solution.
D) None of A-C
E) All of A-C

_____ BONUS A strongly acidic aqueous solution containing 0.0075M CoCl2,

0.0075 M CuCl2 and 0.0075M ZnCl2, is slowly titrated with 0.0075M NaOH.
Use the following data to determine which metal hydroxide will begin to
precipitate from solution FIRST.

Co(OH)2, Ksp = 1.3x10-15 Cu(OH)2, Ksp = 4.8x10-20 Zn(OH)2, Ksp = 6.6x10-16

A) Co(OH)2
B) Cu(OH)2
C) Zn(OH)2
D) None of these will precipitate
E) All of them will begin to precipitate at the same time
SHORT ANSWER (12 points each, total of 24 points)

7) Ocean corals are made up of living organisms

residing in a complex structure of secreted calcium
carbonate. There is great concern that if the
oceans become more acidic it will harm the calcium
carbonate skeleton of living corals. Use your
knowledge of the common ion effect to explain why.
Your answer should include appropriate chemical
equation(s).

8) A 1.000L solution contains 0.044M acetic acid and 0.044M sodium acetate.
What is the pH of the solution? The Ka of acetic acid is 1.8x10-5?
Essay / Problems. Each question is worth 15 points.

E-1) Calculate the molar solubility of Mn(OH)2 (Ksp = 1.6x10-12) in:

a) 1.00L of pure water

b) 1.00L of an aqueous solution containing 0.500M MnCl2.

c) 1.00L of water with a pH of 9.67.

 E-2) You have been given a flask containing 1.00L of 0.200M sodium lactate
(Na(C3H5O3)) and 0.050M lactic acid. The Ka for lactic acid is 1.4x10-4

What is the pH of the buffer system as prepared above?

What is the pH of the solution after 0.033 moles is HCl are added?
E-3) 50.0mL of 0.1000M formic acid (HCHO2) is titrated with 0.100M KOH. The Ka for
formic acid is 1.8x10-4

a) Accurately sketch the titration curve for the reaction described above. (Hint, make
sure it agrees with the values that you determine in parts b & c below)

b) What is the pH of the solution after a total of 25.0 mL of KOH solution is added?

c) What is the pH of the solution after a total of 50.0 mL of KOH solution is added?
Useful Equations and Data

PV = nRT 1 L = 10-3m3

R = 0.0821 L atm mol-1 K-1 F =9/5 C + 32

1 atm = 760 torr = 101, 325 Pa = 14.70 lbs in-2

Cg = kPg

X = (moles of component)/(total moles of all components)

mass % = (mass of component)/(total mass of all components) *100%

ppm = (mass of component)/(total mass of all components) *1,000,000

molarity = (moles of solute)/(liters of solution)

PA = XAP A = (nRT)/V

Tb = Kb(moles solute)/(kg solvent) Tf = Kf(moles solute)/(kg solvent)

pH = (-1) log [H+] pKw = pKa + pKb = 14

pH = pKa + log ([conjugate base]/[weak acid])

Kw = 1.0x10-14 at 250C Δn gas

Kp K c RT
(Ka) (Kb) = (Kw)

b b2 4ac
2a
Ea / RT
k Ae