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Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

The Philippine Criminal Justice System

Topic: The Philippine Criminal Justice System

Welcome Notes:

Welcome CRIMINTOLOGY STUDENTS!

I. INTRODUCTION:

This module introduces the definitions and purposes of the Philippines justice system. There are
also provisions to the Philippine Constitution related to the Philippines Criminal Justice System. The
Philippine Criminal Justice System has 5 pillars namely: Law Enforcement, Prosecution, Court, Corrections
and Community. We will cover each of these pillars to fully understand the system implemented and
practiced in the Philippines.

II. OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Distinguish the constitutional articles related to the Criminal Justice System
2. Describe the Criminal Justice System in the Philippines; and,
3. Determine the purpose of the Criminal Justice System

III. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITIES:

Before you proceed to the main lesson, test yourself in this activity.
Directions
: Shuffle the
letters to form the
words in each number.
1. JSUITEC ___________________________
2. T O C S I N O T N U I T ___________________________
3. CM RNI LAI ___________________________
4. ATRELCI ___________________________
5. MCAHNYREI ___________________________
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Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

The Philippine Criminal Justice System

GREAT!!!

You may now proceed to the main lesson.

IV. LESSON PROPER

LET’S BEGIN!

Based on the preliminary activities, what did you notice about it?

________________________________________________________

CONGRATULATIONS!

The Philippine Criminal Justice System

The Philippine Criminal Justice System is defined in four (4) different statements:

1. It is a social Institution - Attempts to meet society's needs for law and order
2. It is a system - Depends on due process involving the five (5) Pillars: Police,
prosecution, court, correction and community.
3. It is process - A procedure sanction by the law and the rules of the court for
people suspected of committing a crime.
4. It is a machinery - t enforces the rule of conduct necessary to protect life and
property and maintain peace and order.

The Attributes of the Philippine Criminal Justice System are:

1. Spanish and Anglo American Law

2. Common law Principle is not adhered to
3. Criminal laws are general, territorial and prospective in application; and
4. Litigation is adversarial in nature

The Philippine Justice System and the Philippine Constitution

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Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

The Philippine Criminal Justice System

The Philiipine Constitution; SOURCEhttps://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/07/03/drilon-concon-constitutional-

convention-1987-Philippine-constitution.html

There are provisions in the Philippine Constitution that are related to the Justice System:

1. ARTICLE II, SECTION 5

The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty; and property, and promotion of the
general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the blessings of democracy.

2. ARTICLE II, SECTION 11

The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.

3. ARTICLE III, SECTION 1

No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be
denied the equal protection of the laws.

4. ARTICLE III, SECTION 2

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable
searches and seizures of whatever nature and for any purpose shall be inviolable, and no search warrant
or warrant of arrest shall issue except upon probable cause to be determined personally by the judge after
examination.

5. ARTICLE III, SECTION 11

Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to
any person by reason of poverty.

6. ARTICLE III, SECTION 12

Any person under investigation for the commission of an offense shall have the right to be informed of his
right to remain silent and to have competent and independent counsel preferably of his own choice.
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The Philippine Criminal Justice System

7. ARTICLE III, SECTION 13

All persons, except those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua when evidence of guilt is
strong, shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or be released on recognizance as may
be provided by law. The right to bail shall not be impaired even when the privilege of the writ of habeas
corpus is suspended. Excessive bail shall not be required.

8. ARTICLE III, SECTION 14

No person shall be held to answer for a criminal offense without due process of law.

9. ARTICLE III, SECTION 16

All persons shall have the right to a speedy disposition of their cases before all judicial, quasi-judicial, or
administrative bodies.

10. ARTICLE III, SECTION 17

No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.

11. ARTICLE III, SECTION 19

Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment inflicted.

12. ARTICLE III, SECTION 21

No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense.

13. ARTICLE III, SECTION 22

No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.

The Purposes of the Criminal Justice System

The Primary goals of the Philippine Criminal Justice System are:

1. Protection of the members of the society; and.

2. Maintenance of peace and order.

The Secondary or sub-goals of the Philippine Criminal Justice System are:

1. Crime Prevention;
2. Suppression of Criminal conducts by apprehending the offenders for whom prevention is is
effective;
3. legal and proper disposition of those found guilty; and,
4. Correction and rehabilitation of those persons who violates criminal laws.
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Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

The Philippine Criminal Justice System

We had just finished the discussion on Philippine Criminal Justice

System and how the provision of the constitute are related to CJS. Let’s move
on to the next higher level of activity/ies or exercise/s that demonstrate your
potential skills/knowledge of what you have learned.

V. ANALYSIS, APPLICATION AND EXPLORATION

Name: __________________________ Year & Section: __________________

ACTIVITY 1
I. Identify the Concept in Column A by choosing the letter that corresponds to its meaning or
provision in Column B.

COLUMN A
1. ______ Article III, Section 1
2. ______ Police
3. ______Philippine Criminal Justice System
4. ______Article III, Section 22
5. ______ Article II, Section 11

COLUMN B
A.  It is the machinery of the state or
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Introduction to Philippine Criminal Justice System

The Philippine Criminal Justice System

government, which enforces the rules of conduct every human person ad guarantees full respect for
necessary to protect life and property and maintain human rights. 
peace and order. D. It is considered as the initiator of the
B. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, action or the prime mover of the criminal justice
or property without due process of law, nor shall system.
any person be denied the equal protection of the E. No ex post facto law or bill of attainder
laws. shall be enacted. 
C. The state values the dignity the dignity of

ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Check the box if the phrase describes the Philippine Criminal Justice System.

1. ◻ Mexican and English terms

2. ◻ Litigation is adversarial
3. ◻ Creation of new laws determined by the state
4. ◻ Common Law Principle is not adhered hereto;
5. ◻ Criminal Laws are general, territorial and prospective in application
6. ◻ Spanish Anglo American Law
7. ◻ Managing new bills approved by the Congress
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The Philippine Criminal Justice System

ACTIVITY 3

Directions: Complete the sentences below by filling in the blanks with the correct word from the box below.

Offenders rehabilitation protection prevention

Criminals prosecution
The Primary goals of the Philippine Criminal Justice System are:

1. ____________ of the members of the society; and.

Maintenance of peace and order.

The Secondary or sub-goals of the Philippine Criminal Justice System are:

2. Crime _______________;
3. Suppression of Criminal conducts by apprehending the ____________for whom
prevention is is effective;
4. legal and proper _____________of those found guilty; and,
5. Correction and ____________of those persons who violates criminal laws

Finally, let us summarize the lesson of what we had discussed today.

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The Philippine Criminal Justice System

VI. GENERALIZATION

Name: __________________________ Year & Section: __________________

Directions: Answer the question below:

What are some articles in the constitution that are related to the Philippine Criminal Justice
System? Provide the answers in bullets. Refer to the Rubric on page 11 for reference.
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KUDOS!

You have come to an end of Module 1.

OOPS! Don’t forget that you have still an assignment to do.

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The Philippine Criminal Justice System

VII. ASSIGNMENT

Name: __________________________ Year & Section: __________________

Direction/Instruction: Explain in 3-5 sentences using your own words.

What do you think is the most important purpose of the Philippine Criminal Justice System?
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Rubric:
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The Philippine Criminal Justice System

Level Description Score

● Well written and very organized.

● Excellent grammar mechanics.

OUTSTANDING ● Clear and concise statements. 9-10

● Excellent effort and presentation with detail.

● Demonstrates a thorough understanding of the

topic.

● Writes fairly clear.

● Good grammar mechanics.

GOOD 7-8
● Good presentation and organization.

● Sufficient effort and detail

● Minimal effort.

● Good grammar mechanics.

FAIR 6
● Fair presentation.

● Few supporting details.

● Somewhat unclear.

● Shows little effort.

POOR ● Poor grammar mechanics. 5

● Confusing and choppy, incomplete sentences.

● No organization of thoughts.

After your long journey of reading and accomplishing the

module, let us now challenge your mind by answering the evaluation
part of this module.
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The Philippine Criminal Justice System

VIII. EVALUATION

Name:_________________________ Year & Section: __________________

Direction/Instruction: Choose the letter of the word asked/described in each sentence.

1. Which of the following is not included in the pillars of American Criminal Justice?
a) Police
b) Prosecution
c) Courts
d) Correction
2. This pillar is known as the first pillar of the Philippine Criminal Justice System and its primary goal
is crime prevention.
a) Law Enforcement
b) Prosecution
c) Court
d) Correction
3. It is the taking of a person into custody so that he may be bound to answer for the commission of
an offense.
a) Safekeeping
b) Arrest
c) Custody
d) Confinement
4. The principle that people receive that which they deserve.
a) Justice
b) Criminal
c) System
d) Criminal Justice
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The Philippine Criminal Justice System

5. What attribute of the Philippine Justice System is true?

a) Protection of the privileged and the elite
b) Liberty is adversial in nature
c) Common law Principle is not adhered hereto
d) Criminal laws are not territorial in application
6. What does article III, Section 16 as the right of every person?
a) To a special power to hire an attorney
b) To administer their own protest in streets
c) To dispose their cases before all bodies
d) To a speedy disposition of their cases
7. Article III, Section 22 talks about what particular bill or law?
a) Anti-crime
b) Anti-plagiarism
c) Ex post facto
d) RH
8. The primary goals of the Philippine Criminal Justice System are protection of the members of the
society and what other purpose?
a) Crime prevention
b) Maintain peace and orde
c) Suppress criminal conducts
d) Judicial determination of guilt
9. What constitutional article is talking about the value of dignity of every human person’s right?
a) Article III, Section 11
b) Article II, Section 11
c) Article III, Section 1
d) Article III, Section 2
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The Philippine Criminal Justice System

10. What is another term for prosecutor?

a) A lawmaker
b) Fiscal
c) Judge
d) Jury

(This evaluation will be submitted on ________________.)

CONGRATULATIONS on reaching the end of this module!

You may now proceed to the next module.

Don’t forget to submit all the exercises, activities and portfolio

on ___________________.

KEEP UP THE GOOD WORK.