Mrorosetit 6a Lngp (oun upeseeanvesn cope) ‘Ganocmeren opraonrero) Kadeapa sauna, areparypsi, ueKycerea Mexpernonastbias npexMernas o«MMIHata HO mpeaAMeTy «AnraMiicKnii s3b1K> Aonycrumoe npems: 180 munyr | Tecr cocrour u3 12 erpanuu, 2017 - 2018 yseGuetii ron 9, 10 xaacess enpas.teuus ue sonyeKatores. ‘Meonpecuondtoneie npedmemnoe oiuwnuader no Xue, GUsUKE U unOCMpanHOMy ABbiKY exnOvenes Tlepeden® Omenmuad uKonoHuKos u tx yposnel Ha 2017/18 yueOHeitl cod (uxocmpanHeti R3bIK - 2 yposeN®) Meopecuonaronsie npedemnsie onuunuads: exnovensi e Tepevede oniunuad u unese unmertermyanonsex u (wnt) meopreckux KouKypcos, Meponpuamui, wanpasrennesx Ha Paxeumue UNMerIeKMYATEHEIX U MeoprecKU cnocodnocmel, cnocodnocmeit x sanamuamn dusuvecKo’ Kyxemypoit u cnopmon, unmepeca K HaywUol (nay*0-uccredosamenscKot), loxxeenepuo-mexnurecKo’, wsodpemamerscxoit, meopYecKoll, UIKVx6MYpHO-Cnopmusno! deAMesIeNOCMLU, a MaKHCE Na npondedudy nayinee nani, meopuecnic u cnopmusnosx docmuncenuti, na 2017/18 yueGuett 200. Hodedumenu u npuseper Gydym ex:noweues @ undhopayuounest pecype o6 odapennerx dems. A. MULTIPLE-CHOICE SECTION (50 QUESTIONS ~ 50 MARKS) In this section, candidates have to write option A, B, C or D for each question on the answer sheet. A. For questions 001 — 016, read two texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. ‘Text 1: Planetary Artistry by Johan: jez For me, the highlight of this past week’s science news was the images (001) ... back from the Curiosity rover, providing (002) geologic evidence that water flowed on Mars. Of course, this wasn’t exactly a surprise; for decades, planetary scientists have suggested the channel networks visible in spacecraft imagery couldn’t have been made by anything else, The evidence has been (003) .. as well, as various clay minerals and iron oxides have been identified through hyperspectral imagery. Nonetheless, I suspect that the image of definitely water-lain (004) ... made the heart of more than one geologist (005) ...a beat. Ground truth. You could argue that the scientific exploration of the extra-terrestrial is, at least (006) .. part, a search for ‘meaning: to position us within a larger cosmology. But our fascination with, and connection to, what we see in the night sky comes not just through science, but also through art, So it should come as no surprise that scientific images of planetary surfaces hhave (007) .. inspiration to a range of artists from Galileo - whose first sketches of the moon through a telescope are (008) beautiful - to Barbara Hepworth - whose interpretations of the lunar surface are far less literal. x B co D x B c D 01 | thrown — | shot beamed | fired (002 | Final conclusive | proven | guaranteed (003 | swelling | expanding | increasing | mounting | 004 | sediments | dross grounds | matter (005 | slip lose skip jump | 006 | with in at for (007 | offered [provided | given [made | 008 | total doubtlessly | surely | ul ‘Text 2: The Concept of Evolution Charles Darwin did not invent the concept of evolution. When he was a student in Edinburgh in the late 1820s, evolution was already the (009) .. ofthe town. But evolution was rejected by the establishment. Those who (010) ... to evolutionary thinking were called Lamarckists, after the French scientist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, who was the first to propose that species are not static, but change over time and give (011) ... to new species. Lamarck had offered this (012) ... in a book published in 1809. He did not, however, propose a correct mechanism for (013) .. species change into each other. The mechanism was discovered first by Charles Darwin and independently by Alfred Russel Wallace. From reading the economist Thomas Malthus, Darwin ‘was aware of the consequences of (014) .. growing populations. Once resources become limiting only a (015) ...of individuals can survive. Darwin was also an (016) ... observer of animal breeders. He analysed their methods and studied their results, Slowly he understood that nature like a gigantic breeder. rN B c D A B c D 009 | talk story | gossip | tale (010 | combined | cohered adhered | abode011 | occasion | evidence [raise | rise 012 | perspective | perception | prospect | incentive 013 [all how now [once | 014 | expressly _[ exponentially | exquisitely | exclusively 015 | friction | division | section _| fraction | 016 | agile arduous ardent | amorous B, For questions 017 ~ 030, read the sentences below and think of the word which best fits each space. (017. Some parents use a ...-and-stick approach to obtain good results from their children. ‘A. onion B. potato, C. carrot D. cabbage (018. He crept in his parents should wake up. ‘A. unless B.lest Gotherwise D. whereby (019. Did you really understand all... he said? ‘A. what B. when that D. which (020. Everything he does ... his job. ‘A. revolves around B. winds up G.seitles up with D. dawns on (021. ... with being so busy both at work and at home, she became increasingly tired and bad-tempered. ‘A. Where B. Which C. What D. How (022. His grandfather often doves ... in front of the TV after dinner. ‘Aout B. over Cin D.off (023. Rosa suggescted ... a suit and tie when he went for the interview. A. him to wear B. he must wear C. him wearing D. that he wear (024. An architecture that many people believe is still too... edge for large mission-critical systems ‘A. bleeding B. bumping C. bruising D. aching (025. Maria and Jean had a... romance - they met and married within two months. ‘A. hurricane B. whirlwind C. cyclone typhoon (026. Sometimes a pension can provide you with a ... sum on retirement as well as or instead of a monthly ineome ‘A. lump B. mass C. chunk D. block (027. He got a ... job in an insurance company. ‘A. cherry BB. dragonfruit Glemon D. plum (028. He shouldn't be the boss - it would be like a... peg in a round hole. ‘A. rectangle B. triangle C. square D. circle (029. I don’t have much money for ... and lodging, so I'm going to try to travel very frugally. ‘A. projector B. board C. poster D. computer (030. Tom is honest as the ... is long - if he promised to help you move, then he'll be here. ‘A. minute B. hour C. day D. week "For questions 031 — 050, read the three texts below and choose the correct answer, ‘Text 1: A series of research projects in recent years have looked at the small, spiny, marine invertebrate known as the sea urchin. The sequence of their genetic code has been successfully analysed, revealing a remarkably close resemblance to that of humans. This provides a firmer foundation for the claim that humans and sea urchins share a common ancestor, which must have lived over 540 million years ago. ‘The red sea urchin, found off the West coast of North America and elsewhere, was considered a pest in the 1960s and attempts were made to etadicate it wherever locals were farming kelp. In the 1970s, though, American sea fisheries discovered a Iucrative market in Japan, where certain internal organs of these creatures were considered a delicacy, and by the 1990s they had become one of the most valuable marine resources. ‘There are implications for these fisheries in the latest findings about the way sea urchins mature, Not only are the invertebrates capable of reaching an age of 200 years or more, but they also show no signs of age-related degeneration. In fact, the more advanced the age of an urchin is, the more enhanced its powers of reproduction seem to be. On the other hand, population growth is limited due to the ease with which juvenile urchins fall prey to a range of environmental threats, Studies have also looked at growth rates, using measures of earbon-14, which has increased in all living organisms following the atmospheric testing of atomic weapons in the 1950s. These studies confirmed earlier findings, obtained using injections of tetracyclin, that the process of enlargment never reaches a ceiling. Growth rates may diminish to only an extra millimeter in circumference per year but they do not cease. 031. According to the passage, what do red sea urchins eat? ‘A. rotting animal matter | B. tetrecyclin G. microscopic animal fife | D. kelp(032. What can we learn from the passage about the techniques to measure the increase in the size of urchins as they age? ‘A. One technique was not possible before the 1950s B. They are generally unreliable, C. They are generally unreliable. D, Atmospheric tests affect the growth rates. (033. Which of the following is NOT true? ‘A. Sea urchins first appeared no more than 540 000 years | B. Harvesting sea urchins was a profitable business in the ago. 1960s. C. There are no similarities between the DNA of sea urchins | D. The red sea urchin is not found only off the West coast of | and that of humans. America. (034. According to the passage, there are not more sea urchins in the oceans because ‘A. of contamination fiom carbon-14. B. age-related degeneration is widespread C. of the vulnerability of very young urchins D. sources of kelp have drastically declined (035. Sea urchins that have lived for a very long time ‘A. lose their ability to reproduce. B, do not suffer from the effects of agin CC. star to show a slight reduction in size D, are more easily attacked by other marine animals ‘Text 2: There is still no consensus about how the Neanderthals were driven to extinction, leaving our Homo sapien ancestors ‘without any competition. The disappearance of the native European Neanderthals is odd partly because their shorter, stockier bodies must have made them better able to withstand the colder temperatures that prevailed when their cousins from Africa entered Europe. With a smaller surface area the Neanderthal body would have been able to retain more heat. The once common assumption that the key was the inferior vocal abilities of the Neanderthal has since been disproved by research on the ‘Neanderthal hyoid bone, located in the throat. The larger skull capacity and brain is another repect in which they do not seem to have been inferior. It was once thought that proof of a superior intellect was to be found in the narrower Homo sapien stone tools known as “blades”, which were assumed to be more efficient than the broader “flakes” used by the Neanderthals. In a number of important respects, including durability. this idea has proved to be unfounded. However, the blades would have been more effective as tips for throwing spears whereas the stone flakes would have been limited to the kind of thrusting spears the ‘Neanderthals are believed to have used. This could have combined with the greater agility of the Homo sapiens to give them a distinct advantage in hunting in open terrain. Crucial in this respeet were the larger canals in the Homo sapien inner ear, providing a more acute sense of balance, in addition to the longer limbs and lighter build. The Neanderthal technique of hiding and lying in wait for passing animals ceased to be viable when the dense forests of Europe began to recede. After a period of co-existence with their cousins, the Neanderthals were slowly eradicated (036. According to the passage, what is now believed about the stone tools used by the Neanderthals compared to those of the Homo sapiens? ‘A, They were at least long lasting. B. They could not have been used as spear tips. C. They were longer and narrower. D. They indicate a superior mental capacit (037. The passage states that the Neanderthals relied on the dense forests... ‘A. for firewood and shelter. | B. to provide cover when | C. to provide wood for D. to hide from their hunting. spears. attackers, (038. The hyoid bone is evidence of ... ‘A. a capacity for language. | B, an ability to adapttoa | ©. skull capacity D. the inferior anatomy of cold climate. the Neanderthal, (039. The Neanderthals were wiped out ... ‘A. before the Homo sapiens | B. in battles with their . after the climate changed. | D. due to their primitive arrived ‘opponents. social organization. (040. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an older assumption that has now been cast in doubt? ‘A. Neanderthals were considerably less intelligent than B. The Neanderthals evolved first in Africa. Homo sapiens. CC. Flakes were inferior to blades in all respects D. Neanderthals had very poor communication skills, Text 3: No student of a foreign language needs to be told that grammar is complex. By changing word sequences and by adding a range of auxiliary verbs and suffixes, we are able to communicate tiny variations in meaning. We can turn a statement into a question, state whether an action has taken place or is soon to take place, and perform many other word tricks to convey subtle differences in meaning, Nor is this complexity inherent to the English language. All languages, even those of so-called “primitive” tribes have clever grammatical components, The Cherokee pronoun system, for example, can distinguish between “you and I”, “several other people and 1” and “you, another person and I”. In English, all these meanings are summed up inthe one, crude pronoun “we”. Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no matter how widespread it is. So the question which has baffled many linguists is - who created grammar? At fist, it would appear that this question is impossible to answer. To find out how grammar is created, someone needs to be present at the time of a language’s creation, documenting its emergence. Many historical linguists are able to trace modern complex languages back to earlier languages, but in order to answer the question of how complex languages are actually formed, the researcher needs to observe how languages are started from scratch. Amazingly, however, this is possible, ‘Some of the most recent languages evolved due to the Atlantic slave trade. At that time, slaves from a number of different ethnicities were forced to work together under colonizer’s rule. Since they had no opportunity to learn each other's languages, they developed a make-shift language called a pidgin. Pidgins are strings of words copied from the language of the landowner. ‘They have little in the way of grammar, and in many cases itis difficult fora listener to deduce when an event happened, and ‘who did what to whom, [A] Speakers need to use circumlocution in order to make their meaning understood. [B] Interestingly, however, all it takes for a pidgin to become a complex language is for a group of children to be exposed to it at the time when they learn their mother tongue. [C] Slave children did not simply copy the strings of words uttered by their elders, they adapted. their words to create a new, expressive language. [D] Complex grammar systems which emerge from pidgins are termed creoles, and they are invented by children. Further evidence of this can be seen in studying sign languages for the deaf. Sign languages are not simply a series of gestures; they utilise the same grammatical machinery that is found in spoken languages. Moreover, there are many different languages used worldwide. The creation of one such language was documented quite recently in Nicaragua. Previously, all deaf people were isolated from each other, but in 1979 a new government introduced schools for the deaf. Although children were taught speech and lip reading in the classroom, in the playgrounds they began to invent their own sign system, using the gestures that they used at home. It was basically a pidgin. Each child used the signs differently, and there was no consistent grammar. However, children who joined the school later, when this inventive sign system was already around, developed a quite different sign language. Although it was based on the signs of the older children, the younger children’s language was more fluid and compact, and it utilised a large range of grammatical devices to clarify meaning. What is more, all the children used the signs in the same way. A new creole was born. ‘Some linguists believe that many of the world’s most established languages were creoles at first. The English past tense -ed ending may have evolved from the verb “do”. “It ended” may once have been “It end-did”. Therefore it would appear that even the most widespread languages were partly created by children. Children appear to have innate grammatical machinery in their brains, which springs to life when they are first trying to make sense of the world around them. Their minds ean serve to create logical, complex structures, even when there is no grammar present for them to copy (041. In paragraph 1, why does the writer include information about the Cherokee language? ‘A. To show how simple, traditional cultures can have complicated grammar structures. B. To show how English grammar differs from Cherokee grammar. C. To prove that complex grammar structures were invented by the Cherokees. D. To demonstrate how difficult it is to lean the Cherokee language (042, What can be inferred about the slaves” pidgin language? ‘A, It contained complex grammar. BB. It was based on many different languages. C. Itwas difficult to understand, even among slaves D. Iwas created by the land-owners, (043. All the following sentences about Nicaraguan sign language are true EXCEPT ‘A. The language has been created since 1979, B, The language is based on speech and lip reading. C. The language incorporates signs which children used at _ | D. The language was perfected by younger children. home. (044. In paragraph 3, where can the following sentence be placed? It included standardised word orders and grammatical markers that existed in neither the pidgin language, nor the language of the colonizers. AIAL B. [BI cid D.[D] (045, “From scratch” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning 10 ... ‘A. from the very beginning, | B, in simple cultures. C. by copying something | D. by using written else. information. (046. “Make-shift” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .. ‘A. complicated and B. simple and temporary. | C. extensive and diverse. | D. private and personal. expressive.(047. Which sentence is closest in meaning to the sentence bel Grammar is universal and plays a part in every language, no low? ‘matter how widespread itis ‘A. All languages, whether they are spoken by a few people or a lot of people, contain grammar. BB. Some languages include a lot of grammar, whereas other languages contain a litle ‘C. Languages which contain a lot of grammar are more common that languages that contain a litle. D. The grammar of all languages is the same, no matter where the languages evolved. (048. All of the following are features of the new Nicaraguan sign language EXCEPT... ‘A. All children used the same gestures to show meaning, 'B. The meaning was clearer than the previous sign language. C. The hand movements were smoother and smaller. 'D. New gestures were created for everyday objects and activities. (G49. Which idea is presented inthe final paragraph? ‘A. English was probably once a creole. B. The English past tense system is inaccurate. C. Linguists have proven that English was created by children, D. Children say English past tenses differently from adults (030. Look at the word “consistent” in paragraph 4. This word could best be replaced by which of the following? ‘A. natural B, predictable C. imaginable D. uniform’ B. SHORT-ANSWER SECTION (100 QUESTIONS - 100 POINTS) Inthis section, candidates have to write their short-answer responses on the answer sheet A. For questions 051 — 060, fill the space or spaces in the sentence using the base word given in BOLD at the end, 031, The ... of any manned mission to the planets will be (SURVIVE) (052, His bad behaviour in his father’s presence caused his 053. If you would only you. (KNOW) (054, Despite the striking similarities between the two paintings, (FRAUD) 058. The stray dog spent his days following tourists hoping to 056, You have been (MEASURE) 057. His performance in the match today ... his reputation as a increased if a secure fuel supply can be found beforehand. (INHERIT) the role of your father in the success of your company, there wouldn’t be so much bad blood between the court decided the artist was not guilty of making a ... copy. .. one of them. (FRIENDSHIP) important to the success of this company. I don’t know what I would have done without you great player. (LIE) 058. Your ... acceptance of every decision is undoubtedly harming the health of the business. (QUESTION) (059, Far from being a drunkard, my father is actually a perfect (060. The teacher was furious that Emma had again tuned in example of .... (SOBER) work. (STANDARD) B, For questions 061 — 075, read the text and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE word in each space. Men and women are often considered to be completely at odds with each other, in terms (061) ... their attitudes and behaviour. Not so when they are in love, new research has discovered. As far as their hormone levels are (062) are in love, they are more similar to each other (063) ... at any other time. , When men and women thas (064) ... been known that love can (065) ... havoc with hormone levels. For example the hormone cortisol, (066)... is known for its calming effect on the body, dips dramatically when one person is attracted to (067) ..., putting the love-struck on a par with sufferers of obsessive compulsive disorder. But a new study has found that the hormone testosterone, commonly associated with male aggression, also falls when he is in ove. In women, it’s quite the (068) .... Testosterone levels, which (069) ... to be lower among females, rise towards (070) .. of the male. Donatella Marazziti of the University of Pisa, Italy, (071) ... this down to nature attempting to eliminate the differences between the sexes. (072) ... doing so, they can concentrate fully (073) ... reproduction. This suggestion seems to be supported by the fact that (074) ... couples in a long (075) ... relationship, nor participants in the study who were single at the time of the experiment, exhibited such changes. . For questions 076 - 090, read the two texts and complete the tasks.‘Text 1: Text Stress Management | recently went to the doctor with an inexplicable stomach pain that had persisted for several days. After a brief examination, he provided his diagnosis: “It’s probably stress”. Ihave to admit that | was disappointed with the verdict, as I was hoping that he would find a more concrete cause that could be easily resolved with prescription drugs. Instead, Twas going to have to take a look at my life-style and try to make some changes. T began by reading some on-line articles about the causes of stress. According to my research, the main sources of stress in adults are money problems, job worries, relationships, and family problems. I do have a demanding new boss, and T have recently had a slight disagreement with a sibling, but I hadn't really considered myself to be stressed about either issue. When I think about it, 1 don’t really know anybody who doesn’t suffer from at least one of the four major causes of stress. Does that ‘mean we are all stressed to a certain degree? My reading seemed to confirm that this is indeed the case. We all have problems that can make us feel stressed, but the difference is in how we manage that stress. Apparently, some of us are better at taking charge of our thoughts, feelings, schedule, and the way we deal with problems than others. Some people are able to remain calm and in control, despite the demands and pressures of everyday life. So how could I become one of those people? | went to talk to a life-style counsellor, who presented me with several suggestions. Firstly, I could try to take control of my environment by eliminating unnecessary stresses. Clearly, I wouldn’t be able to eradicate my boss or my brother. However, I could avoid travelling in a crammed train carriage every moming by getting up 10 minutes earlier and catching a bus to work. I tried it for a few days, and surprisingly enough I already felt alittle more in control Secondly, I should try to adopt a healthier life-style. We all know that a healthy diet and regular exercise make us thinner and fitter, but I wasn’t aware that they could also help to eliminate stress. I decided to start with some small changes, such as cutting ‘out sweets and desserts, and taking the stairs instead of the lift. Again, | immediately felt that these small changes were making a positive difference. Perhaps the most important advice of all was to learn to accept the things that I couldn’t change. I started to think of my challenges as opportunities for personal growth. Neither my boss nor my brother were going to back down, so I had to learn to compromise. | would start to expect less of people and accept that no one is perfect, least of all myself. ‘A couple of days ago, I met with my best friend Sandra and told her of the changes I had made to try to conquer my stress. She ‘thought about it for a while before responding: “So, it now takes you longer to get to work, you don't allow yourself any treats, ‘your boss and your brother are still problematic: yet you feel less stressed”, To be honest, as I hadn’t really known that I was stressed in the first place, it was hard to compare my stress levels with what they had been before. But one thing was for sure; talking and laughing about it with Sandra made me feel far better than any of my other actions. Maybe it’s OK to be stressed as long as there is a friend to share it with. Complete the sentences with one, two or three words from the text. 076. The writer felt... the doctor's diagnosis as he had wanted to be prescribed some medication, 077. Although everybody suffers from stress, some people are better at keeping ... in difficult situations 078, The writer decided to start avoiding a daily stressful situation by... to work. 079. The life-style counsellor recommended that the writer began to ... that were beyond his control, (080, Sandra found it hard to believe that the steps the writer had taken would make him .... ‘Text ‘A recent study on the impact of birth order suggests that firstborns have a higher IQ. The problem is that studies such as this distort the bigger picture by confirming birth order stereotypes. ‘The study was conducted in Norway and showed that the eldest children had a slightly higher IQ on average than their younger siblings, Nobody can explain the results of the study. It has been suggested that the eldest children benefit from more attention before the arrival of their siblings. Another theory is that the eldest children have more responsibility which helps them to develop their brain It is @ good idea though to look at the study in more detail before blindly applying its results to your own family. The subjects of the study were all male, the area was limited to Norway and 1Q test results are notoriously prone to error. Important to note is that the averages for both older and younger children were well within the normal range so it is probably not necessary to start worrying,It is not advisable to pay too much attention to the rather subtle impact birth order has on the development of your child. There are simply too many contributing factors from genes to life in the womb. irsthorns ‘The eldest children are often said to possess leadership skills such as organising and logical thinking, and to be better at dealing with adults, They often have to take more responsibility but itis not ideal to put more pressure on them by expecting them to behave as a parent to their younger siblings. For parents it is probably better not to pay too much attention to this theory as it ‘may lead to unrealistic expectations. Middle children Popular wisdom also has it that middle children are very diplomatic and sociable. In order to stand out they may rebel against their parents. This is often referred to as middle child syndrome. What parents could do to prevent this is to give the middle child the responsibility that normally would be given to the eldest child. Last children It is commonly claimed that last-borns are spoiled and good at manipulating others to get things done for them. The youngest ‘may appear cute compared to their older siblings but they obviously need to be shown limitations. Parents should give them their share of chores. Are the statements True or False? Write True or False. 081. A Norwegian study suggests that the eldest children in a family have a higher 1Q. (082, Results of 1Q tests are normally highly reliable. .. 083. The difference in IQ between the oldest and youngest children is significant. ... 084, The author suggests giving the eldest child a taste of what it is to have the responsibility of an adult 085, When middle children feel left out, they may seck attention through defiant behaviour. Complete the sentences with one or two words from the text. 086. It is important to look at the context in which a study took place because it is easy to ... the results and draw the wrong conclusions (087. Having more ... may help develop the mind. (088, Birth order theories may result in of the parents in ... their firstborn children. (089, Middle children are always caught in the middle which means they may have developed the skill to be more 090. Youngest children are often labelled as D. For questions 091 — 100, think of one word only which ean be used appropriately in all three sentences, O91, - The new car goes into .. next year. - At university we put in a... of Shakespeare’s play “Othello” - The company has set a target to increase its .. by 50 percent. (092, - I was so tired I wanted to .. off during the lecture. I thought she'd never ... the subject. You could see people were getting embarrassed. - Her parents were worried that she would ... out of school before completing her exams. (093. - The rocking .. of the boat made her feel sick. + Trrealised [had said something tactless when my friend made a ... with her hand to try to warn me. = If you sign the contract we can set the procedures to get the loan in (094, - It took a while to understand but I finally got the .. of it - Don’t give up. Just... in there till the end. = The thought of my visit to the dentist is going to .. over me until it’s over. He was offered a ... in the company if he lent them the money they needed. = More than 20 000 jobs are at... ifthe company closes. + She intends to ... a claim to be world champion this year. (096, - He’s a nice boy and he’s very ... but he doesn’t do much work - A ... light shone through the open curtains, - She likes wearing ... colours, but her sister always wears black. (097. - She's always on the ... - I don’t know how she has the energy. - He’s going to start his own company, which sounds like a smart ..., 09:- Be careful! They'll be watching your every .... (098, - She ... the tray down on a table next to his bed = The teacher... the class some work to do. - The princess was given a neckless ... with diamonds and emeralds. She had dark ... around her eyes from too many sleepless nights, - The thief escaped with a diamond brooch, two gold ... and some cufflinks. = Only one of the ... on the electric cooker is working, 100, - The ... of the rubber tree is known as latex. ~ Add two cupfuls of ... to the mixture. = If the press hear about this, they will... the story for weeks. 099. E. For questions 101 - 106, use the words/phrases below in the correct form to complete the sentences. Use each word only ONCE. There are FOUR words/phrases you don’t need to use. beaver away at / consummate / contemplation / cringe / emanate from / forlorn / infertility /lavish / palpable / staggered TOI. He's been ... the accounts all | 102. She waited in the ... hope that he | 103. She ... most of her attention on ‘morning. ‘would one day come back to her. her younger son. 104, He sat there deep in. 105. The tension in the room was | 106. ... is the inability of a plant to almost... reproduce by natural means. F, For questions 107 — 120, write the extra word in the box afer each line, Some lines are correct. If you think there are no incorrect words in a line, tick “7” ‘Text L; A new study amongst doctors in the United States on the use of placebos | 107. 77... pills with no medical effect - wihich shows that almost half of the questioned | 108. ¥/ practitioners who prescribe placebos, most of them within the last year. 109. ¥/ The majority of 466 faculty physicians work at Chicago-area medical schools | 110. ¥ / were interviewed by a research group of the University of Chicago stated that | 111. ¥ / placebos are useful to calm and a patient down or to respond to demands for | 112. ¥/ ‘medication that the doctor disagrees with, ie. "to get the patient to stop | 113.¥/... complaining" [...] Mavs. ‘Text 2: Oh, let me tell you about our trip. Did you know that Sara is afraid of be | 115.7 fying? We had arranged it with her family to go to France for a few days. I have | 116. ¥//... always wanted to see Paris and would love to live in there one day. Well, we got | 117. ¥// to the airport and Sara appeared being nervous. | asked her if she was okay and | 118. ¥/... she said she was fi ne, so we continued on to our way. We went through passport | 119. ¥ /... control and I could see that Sara wasn’t keen on going any further. [...] 120.4) G. For questions 121 ~ 150, read the four texts and complete the tasks with ONE WORD ONLY for each blank. Text 1A Revolution in Knowledge Sharing ‘The pressure to transform our institutions of learning continues. Virtually every enterprise and institution is grappling with the disruptions and opportunities caused by Web-enabled infrastructures and practices. New best practices, business models, innovations, and strategies are emerging, including new ways to acquire, assimilate, and share knowledge. Using technologies that are already developed or that will be deployed over the next five years, best practices in knowledge sharing not only are diffusing rapidly but will be substantially reinvented in all settings: educational institutions, corporations, government organizations, associations, and nonprofits. But institutions of learning are in a unique position to benefit from an added opportunity: providing leadership in e-knowledge. E-knowledge finds expression in many shapes and forms in a profoundly networked world. It is not just a digitised collection of knowledge. E-knowledge consists of knowledge objects and knowledge flows that combine content, context, and insights on application. E-knowledge also emerges from interactivity within and among communities of practice and from the troves of tacit knowledge and tradecraft that can be understood only through conversations with knowledgeable practitioners. E-knowing is the act of achieving understanding by interacting with individuals, communities of practice, and knowledge in a networked world, F-knowledge commerce consists of the transactions based on the sharing of knowledge. These transactions can involve the exchange of digital content / context and / or tacit knowledge through interactivity‘Transactable ¢-knowledge can be exchanged for free or for fee. E-knowledge is enabling not only the emergence of new best practices but also the reinvention of the fundamental business models and strategies that exist for e-learning and knowledge ‘management. E-knowledge is technologically realized by the fusion of e-learning and knowledge management and through the networking of knowledge workers. Transactable e-knowledge and knowledge net-working will become the lifeblood of knowledge sharing. They will create a vibrant market for e-knowledge commerce and will stimulate dramatic changes in the knowledge ecologies of enterprises of all kinds. They will support a “Knowledge Economy” based on creating, distributing, and adding value to knowledge, the very activities in which colleges and universities are engaged. Yet few colleges and universities have taken sufficient account of the need to use their knowledge assets to achieve strategic differentiation, In “It Doesn’t Matter,” a recent article in Harvard Business Review, Nicholas G. Carr endorsed corporate leaders’ growing view that information technology offers only limited potential for strategic differentiation, Similar points are starting to be ‘made about e-leaming, and knowledge management has been under fire as ineffectual for some time. The truth is that e-learning and knowledge management can provide strategic differentiation only if they drive genuine innovation and business practice changes that yield greater value for leamers. Carr’s article provoked a host of contrary responses, including a letter from John Seely Brown and John Hagel III. Brown is well-known for his insights into the ways in which knowledge sharing can provide organizations with a solid basis for strategic differentiation Complete the summary below. ‘Thanks to the advent of the computer, learning institutions today are providing new ways of acquiring knowledge, through tools that are (121) ... fast and which are being already (122)... in all fields and settings, despite the (123) ... the process may entail, which all institutions are now (124)... with Text 2: Bagpipe Finger Positions There are nine notes most commonly played on the Great Highland Bagpipe. This page shows charts and diagrams for the hand and fingering positions for the bagpipe/practice chanter and explains how to play each of these individual notes as well as several less commonly played notes. ‘The nine basic notes are sounded using the eight finger holes found on the chanter. The holes are named for the note that is sounded when that hole is open. Located on the front of the chanter are seven holes. Located from the bottom up are Low-A up to High-G. Located on the back near the top is High-A. (Piper's typically don’t refer to a "Low-G hole” as Low-G is sounded ‘when all the finger holes are closed. If anything, such a term would apply to the opening the base of the chanter or, if present, the twin vents located to either side below the Low-A hole.) Finger Locations On the two hands, the only fingers not used to sound notes are the left little finger - completely unused, if a piper were to choose a finger to be amputated, this would be it! - and the right thumb which simply holds the chanter. Positioning the hands, the left index finger covers the High-G hole, and the right index finger covers the D hole. The rest of the fingers fall into place ‘Note: This information is oriented to the standard “right-handed” hand positions. Much like guitars, many left-handed people ‘opt to learn the pipe pipes as a right-hander. One left-handed piper I know wishes he had, in fact, learned as a right-hander. (In his case, simply for uniformity with other band members.) That said, itis perfectly acceptable to play left-handed. wer /Hand / Arm Positioning ‘A few things to know. The chanter is not played with the fingertips, which is a common beginner's error. With the left (top) hand, the holes are covered with the pads of the fingers in front of the joint. With the right (bottom) hand, the holes are covered behind the first joint, with the exception of the little finger which is played with the pad in front of the joint. The top thumb’s pad covers the High-A hole. The bottom thumb holds the chanter a little lower than is typically natural, that is it rests in the vicinity of where the C finger is on the opposite side of the chanter, perhaps a little lower or higher, but definitely below the level of the D finger. The fingers are kept relatively straight, though not locked stiff, just ever so slightly curved, The back of each hand should be parallel with the back of the forearm, not bent in, not bent out. You should be able to rest a ruler along the back of both the arm and the hand without a gap. When you raise fingers to play notes, they should be raised approximately the thickness of a finger. To be safe, if you were to pass a finger under that raised finger, the passing finger should brush both the chanter and the raised finger. A little higher isfine, you want the finger high enough that the note will sound clearly, but not have “fly away finger syndrome” - you need to keep control. Also a raised finger should stay above its hole so it’s ready to come straight down to close the hole, not having to move forward, backward or side to side to meet the hole. A quick word about that unused high-hand little finger. That little finger will "float" with the F finger, just tagging along with the ride. You don’t want to make any effort to force it somewhere it doesn’t naturally go. It should have a relaxed natural slight curl. IF it goes up when raising the E finger, that’s fine. If t goes down when lowering the E finger, that’s fine. If you find that it bumps into anything, either the chanter or your other fingers, then you probably need to angle your top hand more - imagine that your index finger is the pivot and you back your E finger away from the chanter a bit. Just ignore it and let it do what it wants to do, After a while, you'll never even think about it, Complete the diagram. DS, 126... ra 128... 129... 130... Bi. 132. Complete the sentences. 126 128 133. Guitar players and pipers who are left-handed can play their instruments as if 127 134. Beginners tend to think that the chanter is played withthe ... 128, 135. While the ... hole is covered by the left hand, the right thumb just holds the aa? cchanter. BI 136. Ibis important to keep the back of each... neither bent in nor bent out i 137. Itis important to keep a raised finger just above its hole in order to keep 138. The left hand pinky shouldn't ... into anything 139, You should imagine your index finger to look like the ... if your high-hand pinky does not “flow” naturally 140, Itis ... that the volume decreases when the E finger is turned down. Camberwell College has one 50m (Olympic sized) poo! with a constant depth of 2m throughout, and one 25m pool with a Im shallow end and a.4m deep end. Both pools may be used by the general publie at certain times, ‘50m Poot ‘The pool is often used for classes, but the general public may use two lanes for lane swimming at the following times ‘Monday (06:30 - 11:30 and 19:00- 21:00 Tuesday (06:30 = 11:30 and 18:00 - 21:00 ‘Wednesday = 13:30 and 17:30- 21:30 Thursday. Friday Weekends: Children under the age of 14 must be accompanied by an adult. Please note that during College holidays, these times will vary. Contact the swimming pool on 04837 393560 for up-to-date information, 25m Poot ‘The 25 metre pool is available for recreational (non-lane) swimming. Weekdays 07:00 - 09:00 and 12:30 - 13:30 Saturdays 10 - 16:00 Children aged 12 and under must be accompanied. We regret that the 25m pool will be closed for refurbishment between 21st July and 18th August. The men’s changing rooms will be closed for the week beginning 18th August, and the women’s changing rooms will be closed the following week. Alternative changing facilities will be made available. We apologise for any disruption this may cause. Write True if the statement is true, False if it is false and Not Given if there is no information about it.141. The general public can only use the 50m pool for lane swimming. ... 142, The general public cannot use the 50m pool on Sundays, 143. Men will be able to use the 25m pool on the 18th August... 144, The whole of the 25m pool is available to the public during recreational swimming hours. ... 145. The 50m pool is open during college holidays, Text 4: Camberwell College Swimming Classes It’s an essential life skill, it can make you fit and it provides fun for all the family. Camberwell College's offers swimming classes whatever for your needs, whether you want to swim competitively, you are trying to stay healthy or you want to learn. We offer separate classes for adults and children, following the National Plan for Teaching Swimming (NPTS). We will guide ‘you from your first splash and help you develop your confidence in the water. (A) Swim-A-Long This class is suitable for parents with children aged up to the age of 1,5 years. This class allows very young children to gain confidence in the water, by way of songs and music. (B) Tadpole to Frog Classes ‘This series of classes is suitable for children aged 1.5 upwards. There are six levels in the series. The first level is suitable for non-swimmers and teaches basic techniques and safety, using aids and floats. By the time students reach the sixth level, they will be able to swim independently and will be eligible to join the Swim Star classes. (C)Swim Star ‘An opportunity for able swimmers to eam the Bronze, Silver and Gold swimming awards. These classes teach children the ability to swim for prolonged periods of time, and teach skills such as diving, turning and different strokes. Children who successfully complete the Swim Star programme will be invited to join the Youth Squad and learn competitive swimming techniques. (D) Swim School ‘The swim school offers classes for adults. There are three levels, beginner, intermediate and advanced. The beginner's class is suitable for people who are new to swimming; the intermediate level is designed for swimmers who want to brush up on their swimming style, and the advanced level offers in-depth advice on stamina, breathing and technique, (E) Aqua Health We offer a range of levels of fitness classes for able swimmers who wish to keep fit, socialise and have fun to music. Aqua Health offers gentle exercise and is suitable for the elderly. Aqua Health isa high energy class which builds your strength and tones your body. Select a suitable swimming class for these people. Choose a letter (AE) or F (no classes available) for each question. 146. A 5 year-old who is unable to swim 147, A mother who wants to introduce her baby to the water 148. A woman who wants to lear to swim by using music 149. An old man who wants to keep fit and meet people 150. A child who wants to be able to swim longer distances C. WRITTEN SECTION (30 QUESTIONS ~ 30 POINTS) In this section, candidates have to write their answers on the answer sheet. A. For questions 151 — 170, rewrite the sentence so that the meaning of the second sentence is the same as the meaning as the first sentence. Use the word in BOLD and write FOUR-WORD RESPONSES only. ISI. She is not upset; she is only pretending. (ACT) — She is not upset; she is only 152. He feels stupid by comparison because his brothers are very bright. (SUCH) = He ... he feels stupid by comparison. 153. Nobody could possibly believe the story he told us. (BEYOND)= The story he told .. 154, Carpenters took advantage of the construction boom to make money. (CASH) =... the construction boom. 155. I'm hoping he can explain what happened to Tina yesterday. (THROW) = I'm hoping he can ... what happened to Tina yesterday 156. Tom must be crazy ifhe thinks he ean convince our mother to let him get a tatoo for his birthday. (ATTIC) = Tom must have ... if he thinks he can convince our mother to let him get a tatoo for his birthday. 157. A couple of major companies in the area stopped doing business last month. (WENT) = A couple of major companies in the area ... last month. 158. I can see why you want to avoid remembering that memory. (OUT) = Tecan see why you want to ... 159. It appears that Stanley had been changing accounts to make make money for years. (COOK) — It appears that Stanley had ... for years. 160, Make sure you simplify your proposal to the most basic details of what you want to do, (BOL Make sure you... to the most basic details of what you want to do. 161. Leia is his romantic partner - they've been dating for a few months now. (SQUEEZE) — Leia ... - they've been dating for a few months now. 162. Take a left where the main trail separates a main road and follows onto a footpath. (BRANCHES) = Take a left where the main trail ... path. 163. If Diana breathes a word of this to Mills, it could cause the scheme to fail completely. (SKY-HIGH) — If Diana breathes a word of this to Mills it could 164, She claims that she spends with royalty all the time, (RUBS) = She claims that she ... all the time. 165, His second wife was nothing but a person who forms relationships with him in order to get money from him. (GOLD) = His second wife was nothing .. 166. He lunged towards me like he expected me to aim a gun at him. (IF) = He lunged towards me ... me to aim a gun at him. 167. The whole class sat in their chairs very straight and rigid during the principal’s lecture. (POKER) = The whole class sat in their chairs as ... during the principal’s lecture. 168. From here to the office, it’s about 20 miles in a straight line. (CROW) — From here to the office, it’s about 20 miles 169, Sarah really wanted that job, so she said the signing bonus was really just an additional benefit. (CAKE) = Sarah really wanted that job, so she said the signing bonus was really just... 170. You don’t want an unintentional mistake in your writing to be the reason you get a lower grade! (PEN) You don’t want ... to be the reason you get a lower grade! B. For questions 171 - 180, write ONE sentence that is based on a picture. With each picture, you will be given TWO words or phrases that you must use in your sentence, You can change the forms of the words and you can use the words in any order. i. 172... 173... 174... 175... ard / apart review / colleague | fall / block hold / write ATM / money 176. UIT sue 178. 179. 180. breakfast / croissant | clear / away hard hat / arm speak / refinery * THIS IS THE END OF THE TEST *