LEVELS OF CARE

 Health promotion
 Disease prevention
 Health maintenance
HEALTH PROMOTION
 The process of enabling people to increase control over their health through development of
human resources and behaviors that maintain or enhance wellbeing. (Daniels et.al)
 behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human health potential”
(Pender,Murdaugh,Parson 2006)
Health-Promoting Habits,
Examples:
 getting adequate exercise, rest, and relaxation;
 maintaining good nutrition
 controlling the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.
Health Promotion on a Global Level
 WHO (World Health Organization) – an agency that leads in the dissemination of successful
health- promotion strategies ,programs, and policies on global, national and local levels.

Priorities for Health Promotion in the 21st Century

 Promoting social responsibility for health
 Increasing community capacity and empowering the individual
 Increasing investments for health development
 Securing an infrastructure for health promotion
 Reorienting health systems and health services.

THE NURSE'S ROLE IN HEALTH PROMOTION

 Model healthy lifestyle behaviors and attitudes.
 Facilitate client involvement in the assessment, implementation, and evaluation of health goals.
 Teach clients self-care strategies to enhance fitness, improve nutrition, manage stress, and
enhance relationships.
 Assist individuals, families, and communities to increase their levels of health.
 Educate clients to be effective health care consumers.
 Assist clients, families, and communities to develop and choose health-promoting options.
 Guide clients' development in effective problem solving and decision making.
 Reinforce clients' personal and family health-promoting behaviors.
 Advocate in the community for changes that promote a healthy environment.

Programs can be used for the promotion of health

 (a) information dissemination,
 (b) health risk appraisal and wellness assessment
 (c) lifestyle and behavior change
 (d) environmental control programs

Health Promotion and Vulnerable Population

 Children
 Older adults
 Those Economically disadvantaged
 Those who are immunocompromised
  The homeless
Sites For Health Promotion Activities
 Individual and families in the home / community
 Schools
 Hospitals
 worksites
Disease prevention/Health protection
"behavior motivated by a desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early,
or maintain functioning within the constraints of illness“
(Pender,Murdaugh,Parson 2006)
Differences between Health Promotion and Health Protection
Health Promotion
 Not disease oriented
 Motivated by personal, positive "approach" to wellness
 Seeks to expand positive potential for health
Health Protection
 Illness or injury specific
 Motivated by "avoidance" of illness
 Seeks to thwart the occurrence of insults to health and well-being
Health Maintenance
 Behavior directed toward maintaining a current level of health.
Health maintenance activities
 Activities and behavior of an individual performs to maintain or improve a current level of
health.
Characteristics of Health Maintenance
 Perception – a person’s sense and understanding of the world.
 Motivation – internal/external drive to stimulate one’s action
 Maintenance – tools used to learn and maintain new behavior (time & preparation).