STATISTICS

1- INTRODUCTION
2-FUNCTION OF STATISTICS
3-SCOPE OF STATISTICS
4- LIMITATION OF STATISTICS
 INTRODUCTION
The word statistics seems to have been derived from the latin word
status or the Italian word statista or the german word statistic each of
which means a political state.
Ronald A Fisher
Statistics:- Statistics is defined as the collection presentation analysis
and interpretation of numerical data.
 Collection of data:-The first step of an investigation is the collection of
data. Carefully collection is needed because further analysis is based on
this. Data must be reliable. If the data is not reliable the collected data
are faulty. Therefore the investigator must take special care in
collection.
Organisation of data:-Organisation of data refers to the arrangement
of figures in such a form that comparisons of the mass similar data may
be facilitated and further analysis may be possible
• Presentation of data:-The collected data are generally in an
unintelligible form and need to be classified and tabulated before
they can be analysed. Therefore, the collected data are to be
presented in tabular or diagrammatic or graphic form. The data
presented in a systematic order will facilitate further analysis.
• Analysis of data:-After the presentation of data, the next step is to
analyse the presented data. Analysis includes condensation
summarisation , conclusion, etc, through the means of measures of
central tendencies dispersion skewness correlation reggration etc.
• Interpretation of data:-Interpretation of data takes the results of
analysis, makes inferences pertinent to the research relation studied,
and draws conclusions about these relations.
FUNCTION OF STATISTICS
1-It present fact in a definite form
2-It simplify unwieldy and complex data
3-It facilitate comparisons
4-It enlarges individuals experience
5-It provide guidance in the formulation of policies
6-It helps in formulating and testing hypothesis
7-It foresees future courses
8-It studies relationship
SCOPE OF STATISTICS
1-Statistics in Economics
2-Statistics in Education
3-Statistics in Agriculture
4-Statistics in Commerce
5-Statistics in Planning
6-Statistics in Modern planning
LIMITATIONS OF STATISTICS
1-Statistics does not deal with individuals items
2-Statistics deals with quantitative data only
3-Statistics may mislead to wrong conclusion in the absence of details
4-Statistics table may be misused
5-Statistics laws are true only on averages
6-Statistics does not reveals the entire story
7-Statistics data should be uniform and homogeneous
THANKS