SESSION 4 (04/09/2021)

WRITING (WRITING STEPS/BRAINSTORMING)

SPEAKING PART 1 (FAMILY)

I. Important keywords and sentences: (Please search for the meaning and
study by yourself. If you have any question, ask me by the next session)

WRITING STEPS/BRAINSTORMING

 Writing Steps: 4 steps

1. Understand and analyze the topic/question. (IV)
2. Brainstorming (Gather ideas + Decide and organize ideas) (I)
3. Write (III)
4. Review + Revise (II)
 Use this order of importance for time management.

For example, if you have 40-45 min for writing, the time should be divided as:
1. Understand and analyze the topic/question. (5 min)
2. Brainstorming (Gather ideas + Decide and organize ideas) (10 min)  focus
on ideas
3. Write (15 min)  focus on Grammar, Vocabulary and Sentence creation, not
Ideas
4. Review + Revise (10 min)

 Brainstorming: 3 types of brainstorming

1. Listing: fastest, easiest way of brainstorming
2. Free-writing: suitable for creative writing, not suitable for academic
writing
3. Mapping: helps to see the relationships of each idea, and to organize ideas
in a more logical ways

Exercise: Listing
Topic: Describe a festival that you enjoyed (within 10min)

Step 1: Gather ideas

- Tet Holiday
- The end of January / beginning of February
- People go to market preparing/organizing their houses  Example: prepare
some food like Banh Chung, buy flowers in the Market,
- Children get new clothes
- Some people will go back to their hometown  Example: my family went to
HN
 - At the end of the year: firework, the whole family sit together watch TV
program
- 3 days of Tet Holiday, people visit other house and gives some wishes
- Children can receive lucky money from adults
- My family also go to the pagoda.
- This is my favorite festival for that my whole family can have a meeting and
enjoy the time together.

Step 2: Organize ideas

- Name: Tet Holiday
- Time: The end of January / beginning of February
- Preparation:
 People go to market preparing/organizing their houses  Example:
prepare some food like Banh Chung, buy flowers in the Market,
 Children get new clothes
 Some people will go back to their hometown  Example: my family went
to HN
- Activities during the holiday:
 New Year Eve: firework, the whole family sit together watch TV program
 3 days of Tet Holiday: people visit other houses and give some wishes
 Children can receive lucky money from adults
 My family also goes to the pagoda.
- Feeling: This is my favorite festival for that my whole family can have a
meeting and enjoy the time together.

IELTS SPEAKING PART 1 (FAMILY)

- Part 1: You should focus on making a good impression by keeping an

interactive atmosphere
- Common Topics for Part 1: family/hometown, work/study, hobbies
- Use simple expressive words such as really, very, so, etc. Slow down when
you want to emphasize, and fasten you pace whenever you don't want to
emphasize
- “Well, I guess, How to say that,” etc. are very useful expressions to keep the
level of interaction high
II. Homework Check

1. Complete Making Sentences for the words below.

- Destination (n)
 Her destination was Rome.

- Destination (adj)
 She have has a destination wedding in the Caribbean.

- Proportion (n)
 The proportion of people who smoke increases with years.

- Proportional (adj)
 The need for money is proportional to the need for commercial transactions.

- Proportionality (n):
 She does not receive proportionality an amount of attention in the company
(“proportionality” is a terminology in mathematics and law. Hence, your sentence
should be in the context of these topics)

- Proportionally (adv)
 She is wealthy and powerful, with beautiful friends and proportionally
attitudes. (Should this is the position for an adjective?)

- Anticipate (v)
 I did not anticipate a tour of gladness through this place.

- Anticipation (n)
 In anticipation of the new film, she is talking with her friends.

- Anticipatory (adj)
 After weeks of anticipatory boredom, I finally received the result.

- Accelerate (v)
 The ice surface is now low enough to accelerate melting.

- Acceleration (n)
 There are various ways to track the acceleration of someone.

2. Complete Paraphrase Exercise for the sentences below.

 The survey, based on a sample of 6,500 households showed that the days
are long gone when the average family struggled to buy basic foods.
 They take took an analysis on sampling 6,500 households, and the final result
is that the average family has no longer struggled to buy essential foods in recent
days.

 Among the professional and managerial classes, working hours have

increased and, overall in the economy, record numbers of people are in
employment.
 The amount of time at work of the professional and managerial classes have
has risen and in general, the number of people who are in employment is at the
record in the economy.

 The leisure complexes of today will expand to house all the leisure
facilities required for the leisure age. 
 Today's entertainment complexes will enlarge to accommodate all the
recreational amenities needed for the leisure age.

 Other factors fueling demand for leisure activities are rising prosperity,
increasing longevity and a more active elderly population
 Other influences driving demand for leisure activities are increasing
prosperity, rising life expectancy, and more active elderly local people.

 It is anticipated that, in the years to come, leisure spending will account

for between a third to a half of all household spending
 It is predicted that spending on entertainment will account for one-third to
one-half of the total household's money paid for living in the coming years.

 In the coming decades, the pace of change will accelerate, generating

greater wealth at a faster rate than ever before.
 The rate of change will increase quickly, creating considerable wealth at a
faster rate than ever before over the next 10 years.

3.

- How many people in your family? Who are they?

I am part of a nuclear family, which contains my parents, my younger brother, and
me. My father works for an government office of government on the environment,
although, he had studied at an architecture school. My mother used to be a primary
school teacher, but she does not work anymore because of the pressure. She was the
haunting of every student, for she is was really grumpy and I was also scared of her.
My younger brother is in grade 4. He is being said that to be quite clever, but I don't
think so. He behaves as brainless person/brainlessly, and sometimes I really feel
embarrassed shy when I have to introduce him to someone.
- How do you feel about your family?
My family is the most precious asset that I possess and I’m really grateful to be when
can be a part of my family. They bring to me endless love and the best thing possible.
Although outside have much difficulty and pressure, come back home makes me feel
more comfortable. Sometimes we also have conflicts but after the fight, we sit
together and discuss.

- What do you think is the most important thing to make a happy family?
Why do you choose so?
There are many factors after a happy family. From my perspective, I believe that a
perfect family only exists when all members can respect each other. I chose this
factor because when having respect, they can understand and sympathize each other
better. Moreover, when they could respect the other, conflict may happen fewer.

- Are your parents strict?

My mom was quite draconian in my studies when I was a child. I guess that is
because she was still a teacher. She scolds my brother very much a lot when she has
to teach him. My father is more easy-going, but sometimes for a some reasons, he
acts like a mad person and gets angry with at/about everything. At present, they are
both easy-going with me because I have studied very much a lot and I don't have to
do housework (my brother has to complete it for me). But they are still rigid with
my brother. My father said that because he is a boy, and he needs to teach be taught
more strictly than me.

- Are you a strict parent to your children? Why or why not?

I think I won’t be a strict parent. Firstly, I do not agree with parenting in the
imposed way. That is an old-fashioned way and, which cannot produce the a desired
result. Moreover, no one wants to be in control. Teenagers may feel uncomfortable
when their parents see them as a kid and try to administer their behavior. After a
long time, teenagers will ignore their parents and do things opposite with their
parent's hopes.

- Do you think parents should be strict to children? Why or why not?

I think parents are should be strict or not easy depends on the situation and their
kid’s personality. Because if parents are too rigid, it could cause a generation gap
when the children grew grow up. Especially teenagers, they might don't want to
confide in their parents and tend to oppose adults. On the other hand, being too easy-
going can cause the children to non-respect with the adults.

- Is spanking or hitting a good way to discipline children? Why or why not?

Using violence as a way to educate kids is definitely wrong. I believed every kid
should grow up in the love of their his or her parents more than stiffness. At first,
spanking can bring an effect instantly but it rarely has a positive effect in the long
term. Moreover, spanking can also cause lasting damage to the parent-child
relationship. When the kids grow up and become teenagers, this method has is no
more effective and can even be counterproductive.
III. Next Session’s Preparation (Topic: Reading: SHORT
ANSWER/COMPLETE SENTENCE – VOCABULARY: HUMANITIES
cont.)

1. Try 3 types of Brainstorming (Listing, Free-writing, Mapping). Pick 1 topic

from exercise 1 (p. 5) with each type. Then, take pictures of your finished
exercise

2. Next Session’s Preparation

Identify new vocabulary in the following text. You should only focus on
keywords (words that dictate the meaning of the sentence).

CLASSIFYING SOCIETIES

Although humans have established many types of societies throughout history,

sociologists and anthropologists tend to classify different societies according to the
degree to which different groups within a society have unequal access to advantages
such as resources, prestige or power, and usually refer to four basic types of societies.
From least to most socially complex they are clans, tribes, chiefdoms and states.

Clan
These are small-scale societies of hunters and gatherers, generally of fewer than 100
people, who move seasonally to exploit wild (undomesticated) food resources. Most
surviving hunter-gatherer groups are of this kind, such as the Hadza of Tanzania or
the San of southern Africa. Clan members are generally kinsfolk, related by descent
or marriage. Clans lack formal leaders, so there are no marked economic differences
or disparities in status among their members.
Because clans are composed of mobile groups of hunter-gatherers, their sites consist
mainly of seasonally occupied camps, and other smaller and more specialised sites.
Among the latter are kill or butchery sites—locations where large mammals are killed
and sometimes butchered— and work sites, where tools are made or other specific
activities carried out. The base camp of such a group may give evidence of rather
insubstantial dwellings or temporary shelters, along with the debris of residential
occupation.

Tribe
These are generally larger than mobile hunter-gatherer groups, but rarely number
more than a few thousand, and their diet or subsistence is based largely on cultivated
plants and domesticated animals. Typically, they are settled farmers, but they may be
nomadic with a very different, mobile economy based on the intensive exploitation of
livestock. These are generally multi-community societies, with the individual
communities integrated into the larger society through kinship ties. Although some
tribes have officials and even a "capital" or seat of government, such officials lack the
economic base necessary for effective use of
The typical settlement pattern for tribes is one of settled agricultural homesteads or
villages. Characteristically, no one settlement dominates any of the others in the
region. Instead, the archaeologist finds evidence for isolated, permanently occupied
houses or for permanent villages. Such villages may be made up of a collection of
free-standing houses, like those of the first farms of the Danube valley in Europe. Or
they may be clusters of buildings grouped together, for example, the pueblos of the
American Southwest, and the early farming village or small town of Catalhoyuk in
modern Turkey.

Chiefdom
These operate on the principle of ranking—differences in social status between
people. Different lineages (a lineage is a group claiming descent from a common
ancestor) are graded on a scale of prestige, and the senior lineage, and hence the
society as a whole, is governed by a chief. Prestige and rank are determined by how
closely related one is to the chief, and there is no true stratification into classes. The
role of the chief is crucial.
Often, there is local specialisation in craft products, and surpluses of these and of
foodstuffs are periodically paid as obligation to the chief. He uses these to maintain
his retainers, and may use them for redistribution to his subjects. The chiefdom
generally has a center of power, often with temples, residences of the chief and his
retainers, and craft specialists. Chiefdoms vary greatly in size, but the range is
generally between about 5000 and 20,000 persons.

Early State
These preserve many of the features of chiefdoms, but the ruler (perhaps a king or
sometimes a queen) has explicit authority to establish laws and also to enforce them
by the use of a standing army. Society no longer depends totally upon kin
relationships: it is now stratified into different classes. Agricultural workers and the
poorer urban dwellers form the lowest classes, with the craft specialists above, and the
priests and kinsfolk of the ruler higher still. The functions of the ruler are often
separated from those of the priest: palace is distinguished from temple. The society is
viewed as a territory owned by the ruling lineage and populated by tenants who have
an obligation to pay taxes. The central capital houses a bureaucratic administration of
officials; one of their principal purposes is to collect revenue (often in the form of
taxes and tolls) and distribute it to government, army and craft specialists. Many early
states developed complex redistribution systems to support these essential services.
This rather simple social typology, set out by Elman Service and elaborated by
William Sanders and Joseph Marino, can be criticised, and it should not be used
unthinkingly. Nevertheless, if we are seeking to talk about early societies, we must
use words and hence concepts to do so. Service’s categories provide a good
framework to help organise our thoughts.
(Submit the Word file or copy/paste the paragraph to the chat on Skype before
next session)