ICT Second Edition Graham Brown Brian Sargent David Watson DDEF UCATION i YDCambridge IGCSE: ICT Second Edition Graham Brown Brian Sargent David Watson Gy HODDER EDUCATION FAN HACHETTE UX COMPANYAcknowledgements ‘The Publishers would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce copyright material: 1L © Giorart— Fotolia. coms p.6 2 ® Mykols Marve Fotolia, /@ Denatkin~ Fotolia, er © vetkit Fools, be © rystin ~ Fora, bor © antalkey~ Fotolia, br@ rockaundcroac om, pena Foto; pO? iri Bocla, #6 Gjrmund Alor ~ Boros p11 € bloomaa (p12 © dene bolda ~ Howes ‘pd © blooms Bowl p14 © Oleaiy Mak Horolp.19 1 © Ingratn Publishing, 66 Dmay Melnikov ~ Poi im p20 78 Clady Engin ntciphoto.com, «© George Clek/istackphoto conn, wwn pureed. com; p21 © [nity Vinograd nto. con, p22 © Maan Bais /atecphor coms e® Dave Lage Aly, 28 it — Fotelit comm p23 £0 eres atop hoto.com, «© Georg: Del Foti. com, bO Think Juptrinmgen/Gcty Tage; p.24'© Matin ive /atockphot con p28 € 216Phote/‘Stockphoto com: p.26 #6 HP_Photn Fort. comm © Paoeocig/ Cery Images p28 F0 fra /stoskphotn com, bE Mich! 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Vict our website at wehacddedueston am, IGCSE isthe registered tadematk of Cambiidge Intemational Examinations (© Graham Brown, Brian Sargent and David Watton 2015 Fine published in 2010 by Hodder Edvestion ‘An Hachette UK Company (Comelte Hime, 50 Victoria Embankment, London ECAY ODZ. ‘This second edition published 2015 Tipe umber 6407 1 Yer 2019 2018 2017 2016 2018, Al sights seseeved Apart from any use permitted under UK copysight lw, no part ofthis publication may be seprouced ‘or tanumited in any form or by any means, electronic o mechanical induding photocopying and vecarding, of ed “thin any information storage tad retrieval satem, without permision in writing fom the polar or see cence Fom the Copyright Licensng Ageney Limited, Further detils of ach licences (oe reprograpicreprodicton) may be ‘tained fom the Copyright Lieensng Agency Limited, Sffton Hause, 6-10 Kihy Sree, London ECIN 8TS. Corer photo © Oleksiy Mark - Fotolia This edition typeset in 11/13pe ITC Gallard by Aptare, Tne Printed in Slovenia [Actalogne record fortis te it avilable fom the Brish Library ISBN 978 1471 807213,Contents Section 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Introduction ICT Theory Types and components of a computer system 1.1 Hardware and software 1.2 Main components of a computer system 1.3 Operating systems 14 Types of computer 1.5 Impact of emerging technologies Input and output devices 2.1 Input devices and their uses 2.2 Direct data entry (DDE) devices 2.3 Output devices and their uses Storage devices and media 3.1 Backing up of data 3.2 Types of access 4.3. Secondary storage media Networks and the effects of using them 4.1 Networks 4.2 Newwork issues and communication The effects of using ICT 5.1 The effects of ICT on employment 5.2 The effects of ICT on working patterns 5.3. Microprocessor-controlled devices in the home 5.4 Potential health problems related to the prolonged use of ICT equipment ICT applications 6.1 Communication applications 6.2. Data handling applications 6.3. Measurement applications 6.4 Microprocessors in control applications 6.5. Modelling applications 6.6 Manufacturing applications 67 School management systems 68 Booking systems 69 Banking applications 6.10 Expert systems 6.11 Computers in medicine 6.12, Computers in libraries 6.13. Computers in the retail industry 6.14 Recognition systems 6.15. Monitoring and tracking systems 6.16 Satellite systems 102 105 106 108 nl 116 1s 122 123 125 127 128Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Section 2 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Systems life cycle 7.1 Analysis 7.2 Design 7.3 Development and testing 7.4 Implementation 7.5 Documentation 7.6 Evaluation Safety and security 8.1 Physical security 8.2 E-safery 8.3 Security of data 8.4 Additional security of data online Audiences 9.1 Audience appreciation 9.2 Legal, moral, ethical and cultural appreciation Communication 10.1 Communication with other ICT users using email 10.2 Effective use of the internet Practical File management 11.1 What is a generic file type? 11.2 Manage files effectively 11.3. Reduce file sizes for storage or transmission Images 12.1 Software tools 12.2 Edi an image Layout 13.1 Basic documents 18.2 Place objects into a document, 13.3 Headers and footers Styles 14.1 Corporate house styles 14.2 Create styles in a document Proofing 15.1 Software tools 15.2. Proofing techniques Graphs and charts 16.1 Chare types 16.2 Create a chart 16.3. Label a chart 16.4 Use secondary axes 131 131 134 139 141 143 144 145 1465 147 149 158 162 162 166 170 170 173 183 184 184 185 189 192 192 194 203 203 205 214 220 220 222 234 234 238 241 241 241Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Document production 17.1 Format text and organise page layout 17.2 Edita table 17.3 Mail merge Data manipulation 18.1 Create a database structure 18.2, Manipulate data 18.3 Present data Presentations 19.1, What isa presentation? 19.2 Open a source file 19.3 Use a master slide to place objects 19.4 Create presentation slides 19.5 Display a presentation Data analysis 20.1 What is a data model? 20.2 Create a data model 20.3 Test the data model 20.4 Manipulate data 20.5 Present data Website authoring 21.1 Web development layers 21.2. Create a web page 21.3. Use stylesheets 214 ‘Test and publish a website Index 249 249 259 261 268 268 284 293 310 310 310 ul 317 329 334 334 336 350 350 357 366 367 368 399 417 422Introduction Aims ‘This book has been written to provide the knowledge, understanding and practical skills that you'll learn through studying the Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 course in Information and Communication Technology, also known as Cambridge IGCSE ICT. This book, together with the accompanying, CD provides: @ practice tasks which offer guidance on how to answer questions for the practical parts of the course © activities which allow students practice in answering questions for the practical parts of the course source data files for the tasks and activities «advice for the practical parts of the course ‘© suggestions for possible teaching methods. ‘Although it has been written with the Cambridge syllabus in mind, ic can also be used a reference text for other practical ICT qualifications at GCSE and other equivalent Level 2 courses. Using the book ‘The text isin 21 chapters. Although some elements of the practical chapters may be examined in the theory question papers, and vice versa, the sections for the theory work are in Chapters 1-10 and the sections for the practical work in ‘Chapters 11-21. Answers on the Teacher’s CD include some marking guidance. Examination questions ‘The practical section contains examination-style questions. Colour codes and symbols used ‘Throughout the book there are a number of colours and symbols used. Key presses are shown as , but be careful with Chapter 21, where html codes are also shown in angled brackets, like this . Different sections of text are in the following styles. Tasks ‘These ate examination-style questions in the practical section (which often include the use of source files from the CD for the practical tasks) that are answered within the chapter, The text demonstrates the techniques used to solve the task and gives some example answers. These provide easy-to-follow step-by-step instructions, so that practical skills are developed alongside the knowedge and understanding. Activities ‘These are examination-style questions in the practical section, usually at the end of a chapter or section for the students to answer. These often include the use of source files from the CD.Introduction Exercises In the theory section, these are short exercises forthe students to complete in order to confirm ‘their understanding of the concepts covered in a section or chapter. Advice ‘These give advice and shortcuts for improving your ICT sills HTML markup A11 html markup appears in a blue proportionally spaced font with a blue dotted border. Cascading stylesheets All cascading stylesheets appear in a cerise proportionally spaced font with a cerise dotted border. Text colours Some words or phrases within the text are printed in red, Definitions of these terms can be found in the glossary on the CD. In the practical section, words that appear in blue indicate an action or location found within the software package, for example ‘Select the HOME tab.” In the database sections of the book, words in orange show fieldnames. Words in green show the functions or formulae entered into the cell of a spreadsheet, for example a cell may contain the function -SUM(B2:B12). Hardware and software used The practical clements of the examinations can be undertaken on any hardware platform and using any appropriate software packages. For the purposes of this book, we have needed to choose specific software packages, but the functionality of many other packages is very similar. Many of the skills demonstrated in Chapters 11 to 21 are transferable and can be adapted for other hardware and sofiware platforms. All the tasks and activities within the practical chapters have therefore been created using a PC platform with Micresft Windows 8.1 operating system and include the use of Novepad. Independent packages used for the practical sections include packages from Micrnsoft Office Profissional Edision 2013, including Word, Excel, ‘Access and PowerPoint. Insernet Explorer has been used as the web browser, although ‘we would recommend testing all web pages in at least three different web browsers For the website authoring section of the book (Chapter 21), all work has been produced in html code without the use of a WYSIWYG package. Although you may have a WYSIWYG package, ieis important to realise that you are expected to have knowledge of underlying HTML and cascading stylesheet code. All html written within this chapter is written in HTML version 5, and is W3C validated (at the time of going to print). All cascading stylesheets used have been W3C validated, ec eaEy Using source files Source files can be found on the CD and will need to be copied onto your local machine or network drive in order to use them. Copy them and give them read/write access. This is essential to ensure that you can use some of the fileINTRODUCTION types included on the CD. For example, you cannot create queries or reports in “Access when working from the CD. The CD will contain all source fies in a series of sub-folders, one for each of the practical chapters, PC users ‘On the keyboard press and . The Windows Explorer window opens for This PC. Locate the CD or DVD drive, which may be called drive D: or E: een = Seems For the purposes of this section, we will assume that it is called drive E: Ifyour machine has a different drive for the CD letter, adapt these instructions accordingly. Locate the Chapter source files folder, which can be found at Fa\Resources\Chapter source files. To locate an individual file, such as the image snowball.jpg used in Chapter 12, use the path E:\Resources\Chapter source files\Chapter 12\snowball.jpg. Temay be better to copy the contents of this folder into a new folder on your local machine or network drive. To copy an entire folder, drag its contents from the source CD into a new folder. To copy a single file, open the file that you wish to use, Select the VIEW tab, then Edit Document to change the document from. Read only and allow you to save it. Select FILE and then Save As to save a new copy with an amended filename. You may need to change the file permissions of these files to read/write to enable you work on them; however, check with your network adminiserator before attempting to make these changes MAC users Double-click on the CD icon on the desktop. Use Finder to navigate to the location for the new folder, then create a new folder (+ +).. ‘With Finder, choose the CD and select all files (+) and copy. them (+). Go to the new folder using Finder and paste the files (+). Changing the source files to match your regional settings Before attempting any of these processes, back up all source files. The source .csv (comma separated value) files supplied on the CD have commas as separators between fields and full stops within currency values. If your regional settings for these values are different to these (for example, if you use commas within °@Introduction currency values rather than full stops and your software settings require you to use semicolons for separators berween fields), then the source data files will need to be edited for use with the regional settings for your software. This process may be required to convert the source data files before the start of the practical examinations. You can do this process in many packages, but the easiest (at this level) is Word. Open the .cww file in Word using FILE and Open. Select the file from the list to open the file, which will look similar to this. Who manufactured the car?,Model, colour, Price that we bought tho car for,Price that we will sell the car for,Year,Extras,Does the car need cleaning? TVR, Tuscan, Black, 18000,20305,2006,Alloy Wheels Air Conditioning," Mercedes, C200, Silver, 4995, 5995, 2003, Air Conditioning,N ‘Toyota, MR2 roadster, électric blue, 13995,15895, 2005, Leather Seats Air Conditioning, Ww Select the VIEW tab, then Edit Documtent to change the document from Read only, Select the HOME tab, then the Editing: section followed by the Replace icon. Enter a , (comma) into the Find what: box and a; (semicolon) into the Replace with: box, then click on Leslesat J. Repeat this process, replacing a . (full stop) with a, (comma). All the characters will have been replaced within the file like this. Who manufactured the car?;Model;Colour;Price that we bought the car for;Frice that we will sell the car for;Year;Extras;Does the car need cleaning? ‘TVR; Tuscan;Black;18000;20305;2006;Alloy Wheels Air Conditioning:w Mercedes}C200;Silver; 199575995;2003;Air Conditioning; ToyotasMR2 roadster;Electric blue;13995;15895;2005;Leather Seats Air conaitioning:N Save the file with the same file name using the HOME tab and Save. This will ensure that the file is saved in .csv format.