SAFETY

PROCEDURE IN
ELECTRICAL
WORK

(STANDARDS AND BEST PRACTICES)

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PREVENT DIRECT CONTACTS
• Remoteness

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PREVENT DIRECT CONTACTS
• Obstacles • Insulation

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PREVENT INDIRECT CONTACT
By automatic Without automatic
disconnection of disconnection of
supply the supply
• This principle consist • This can be done by
in connected to the three ways:
earth all metallic part • Class II
of equipment and equipment
appliances. The • Isolated circuits
disconnection can be • Very low voltage
done by MCB or
RCCB depending on
the earthing system.
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 VOLTAGE RANGE FROM IEC &
RISKS
IEC voltage range AC DC Defining risk
High voltage
> 1000 Vrms > 1500 V electrical arcing
(supply system)
Low voltage (supply
50–1000 Vrms 120–1500 V Electrical shock
system)
Extra-low voltage
< 50 Vrms < 120 V Low risk
(supply system)

Protection by class II equipment

A class II equipment in addition of the main insulation has a double
insulation.
Protection by Isolated circuits
The principle of this protection is by using transformer to isolate circuits.
The second circuit is completely isolated from the earth and from the
power supply.
Protection by using Extra-low voltage
The protection is ensured by the use of a voltage under 50 V in AC,
voltage under this there is no danger for people.
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EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION
Class 0 Class 2
• These appliances have • A Class II or double insulated
no protective-earth electrical appliance is one
connection and feature which has been designed in
only a single level of such a way that it does not
insulation and were require a safety connection to
intended for use in dry electrical earth (ground).
areas.
Class 3
Class 1
• A Class III appliance is
• These appliances must designed to be supplied from
have their chassis a separated/safety extra-low
connected to electrical voltage (SELV) power source.
earth . The earth
connection is achieved
with a 3-conductor
mains cable.

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IP CODE (IEC.60529.2001)
The IP Code, International Protection Marking (IEC 60529), classifies
and rates the degree of protection provided against the intrusion
(including body parts such as hands and fingers), dust, accidental
contact, and water by mechanical casings and electrical enclosures.

The standard aims to provide users more detailed information than

vague marketing terms such as waterproof. The digits (characteristic
numerals) indicate conformity with the conditions summarized in the
tables below. Where there is no protection rating with regard to one of
the criteria, the digit is replaced with the letter X.

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Additional letters
The standard defines additional letters that can be
appended to classify only the level of protection
against access to hazardous parts by persons:

Level Protected against access to hazardous

parts with
A Back of hand
B Finger
C Tool
D Wire

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 IK CODE DEFINITION
Standard IEC 62262 defines an IK code that characterises
the aptitude of equipment to resist mechanical impacts
on all sides.

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 OVERVOLTAGE CATEGORIES
Overvoltage categories classification of live electric circuits is used in
measurement and testing of installations and equipment, usually in the
relation within a building (residential or industrial)

There are four categories designated by a mark such as “CAT III, 150 V"
or "CAT IV, 1000 V".

• CAT I is applicable to instruments and equipment, which are not

intended to be connected to the mains supply
• CAT II defines circuits which are intended for direct connection into
mains sockets or similar points.
• CAT III is for circuits which can be connected to the mains installation
of a building
• CAT IV includes circuits which are connected directly to the source of
power for a given building.

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In addition to the label “CAT”, the maximum voltage must
be marked. This voltage is the maximum voltage between
live and ground of the circuit or the same overvoltage
range.

Rated Voltage IEC 61010-1 2nd Edition

CAT IV CAT III CAT II
150V 4,000V 2,500V 1,500V
300V 6,000V 4,000V 2,500V
600V 8,000V 6,000V 4,000V
1,000V 12,000V 8,000V 6,000V
Resistance 2 ohms 2 ohms 12 ohms

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SECURITY EQUIPMENT
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
• safety glasses
• face shields
• hard insulated hats
• safety isolated shoes
• insulating (rubber) gloves with leather protectors
• insulating sleeves
• flame-resistant (FR) clothing

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Insulating Protective Equipment (IPE)
• Insulating mat
• Insulating tools
• Insulating ladder
• Insulating pole
• Insulating stool
• voltage detector
• temporary-grounding and temporary-short-circuit set

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Collective protective equipment
• Protective screen
• Poles, chains
• Warning board and sign

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MEASURING DEVICES
The measuring device should:
• Have an insulating case
• Be Class II
• Have an IP2X
• Have the right measurement category.
Accessories should have the same
characteristics

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PERMIT-TO-WORK
SYSTEM
The permit is to be prepared in duplicate by the person-in-
charge of operation on the basis of message, duly logged,
from the person-m-charge of the work.
The original permit will be issued to the person-in-charge of
work and the duplicate will be retained in the permit book.
For further allocation of work by the permit receiving officer,
tokens may be issued to the workers authorizing them
individually to carry out the prescribed work.
On completion of the work, the original shall be returned to
the issuing officer duly discharged for cancellation.

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WORK ZONE AND VICINITY
The vicinity zone has been defined when a live part of
an equipment is close to people. The distance
between them depends of the voltage. In lower voltage
(50 – 1000 V AC) this distance is 30 cm (11 in). It has
also to be taken in account the possible movement of
the worker, movement of live part (aerial wire), tools…
It has been defined that the accessible live part are
equipment with:
• In LV the IP is lower than IP2X
• In LV the IP is lower than IP3X
Work in a vicinity area requires the use of PPE and PEI

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Zone 1: Non vicinity
Zone 4: Vicinity area in LV (less than 30 cm from live parts). All
equipment with IP < IP2X is considered as live part.
Zone 2: Vicinity area in HV (up to red line)
• 2 m (79 in) if U < 50 000 V (3 m -118 In – for aerial
wire)
• 3 m (118 in) if U < 250 000 V (5 m -197 In – for aerial
wire)
• 4 m (157 in) if U < 400 000 V (5 m -197 In – for aerial
wire)
• 5 m (197 in) if U < 750 000 V (5 m -197 In – for aerial
wire)
Zone 3 : This is the distance between the live part and the
Minimum Distance Approach (MDA). In this area there a risk of
electric arc. The MDA distance is 60 cm (24 in) up to 50 000 V.
From 50 000 V the MDA is given by the following formula:
MDA(m) = 0,005 x U(kV) + 0,5

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STANDARDS
The IEC 61010 defines the roles and duties to
everyone involved in the electrical work. This
standard has been made to protect worker against
electrical hazards.

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PRINCIPLE
People (electrician or not) give an authorization to do
work related to electricity.

This authorization is given for particular task and

certifies that the owner of the authorization knows
about risks and danger of electricity.

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PRINCIPLE
This authorization is required for:
• Enter in electrical room.
• Do electrical work. (Measurement, maintenance …)
• Manage electrical work
• Shut down power and lock switch-disconnector.
• Do electrical test
• Be a safety watcher

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PRINCIPLE
The employer is responsible to give the “Electrical
Authorization”.
The employee should have the required knowledge
on:
• Present electric hazards;
• Taking care of its own security and the security to
people under its supervision;
• The action to do in case of accident
• The ability of the employee to do the work and tasks.

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THE ELECTRICAL
AUTHORIZATION

The Electrical Authorization is delivered by the

employer.

It is only valid for the time of working to the company.

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THE ELECTRICAL
AUTHORIZATION

The Electrical Authorization is a document filed in by

the employer and signed by the employer and the
employee.

Symbols and classification

• The Electrical Authorization is defined by a letter, a
number and a letter.

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SYMBOLS AND
CLASSIFICATION

B x V

Where?
What?
Who?

First letter: Voltage level Number: Function. Second letter: Type of work.

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First letter
• B: Equipment or circuit in LV (50 – 1000 V AC) or
VLV (<50 V AC)
• H: Equipment or circuit in HV (>1000 V AC)
Number
• 0: The holder doing only no electrical work or
permitted Operation.
• 1: The holder doing electrical work or Operation
• 2: The holder in charge of electric work

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Second letter
• R: The holder can do maintenances, connections,
measurements, test.
• T: The holder can work under voltage.
• N: The holder can do Cleaning work under voltage
• V: The holder can work in vicinity.
• S: The holder can make connections and
replacement.
• C: The holder can separate and lock a switch
board and put equipment in dead statute. He
delivers the acknowledgment of lockout.
• E: The holder can perform test, verification,
measurement and Operation.

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• P: The holder can perform activities on solar
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panels.
Electrical Authorization in Vicinity (V)
• The holder can perform in the vicinity of live part and under
voltage. He has attended a specific training.
Electrical Authorization Under Voltage (T)
• The holder can perform work under voltage. He has
attended a specific training and it is delivered form limited
company
Electrical Authorization for Cleaning Under
Voltage (N)
• The holder manages and executes cleaning work on
equipment under voltage. He has attended a specific
training.

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All Electrical Authorization is given after the employee has
attended to training.

Responsible for electrical operation

• It could be the employer and doesn’t need Electrical
Authorization.

Responsible of site
• He doesn’t need Electrical Authorization and he manages
work, he can carry out non electrical work.

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Non electrician B0 / H0 or H0V
• The holder can access to the electrical room without
supervision and execute or manage no electrical tasks
such as painting, cleaning…

Employee in charge of the cleaning under

voltage (N)
• Employee managing or doing cleaning work under
voltage.

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Electrician executant B1 / H1 or B1V / H1V
• Employee that works as electrician and who is following
instruction. He is aware of its security.
• He can access to the electric room without authorization.
• He can perform work and Operation near live parts.
• He can perform measurement with clampmeter
• He is working in team under the supervision of the
Responsible for electrical work (B or H2) or
Responsible of Intervention (BR)
• The holder of B1V or H1V can work in vicinity.

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Responsible in charge of the electric work
(B2 / H2 – B2V / H2V)

• The holder of the B2 or H2 manages the work and the

tasks and takes all actions to ensure its security and the
security of people under its supervision.
• He is responsible of the execution of its security order.
• It can receive an acknowledgment of lockout and sign it
• The older is also 0 and 1
• The holder of B2V or H2V can work in vicinity.

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Responsible in charge of the lockout (BC /
HC)

• The holder of a BC is performing the Power disconnection

of equipment by opening a switch disconnector and locks
it with proper lock. He takes all action to guaranty the
safety and security.
• He has to have the agreement from the Responsible of
site
• He executes the four steps of the lockout or only the two
first. In this case, the last two steps are done by the
Responsible in charge of the electric work.
• The BC or HC Electrical Authorisation doesn’t allow the
holder to supervise the security.

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Interventions

• Responsible in charge of Intervention (BR)

• The holder can be assisted by an Electrician executant
on equipment which has previously been lockout.
• The Responsible in charge of Intervention (BR) is
designated.
• He operates on small or medium equipment and to do
short time maintenances. He can work alone.
• He can search faults, check the operating system, do
measurements, the lockout and the unlockout for himself,
change fuse, connection / disconnection with power..

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Interventions

• Responsible for connection and replacement

(BS)
• The holder can change lamp or fuse,
• The holder can connect a circuit with a temporary one
• The holder can’t padlock for himself

• The Responsible of operation

• Test, measurement and verification are electrical task on
VLV, LV and HV equipment.
• These tasks don’t require modifying the equipment but
can require safety and security measure.
• Operations include Exploitation, Emergency and Lockout.

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Specific tasks

• Checking (BE – HE)

• Allow to work alone
• No current or section limitation
• The holder can’t lockout for himself.
• Verification of security devices correct operation,
measurement of values (insulation, earthing resistance…)

• Test (BE – HE)

• Require to power the equipment but not the operation.
• The holder can have a part or all Responsible of site duties
for the test part.
• Electrical Authorization depending of the test:
• B2V test, H2V test (Works)
• BR (intervention)
• BE Test, HE Test (lab…)

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Specific tasks

• Measurement (BE – HE)

• Can touch electrical measure or non-electrical measure
• In most of case, this is included in maintenance, checking
and test.

• Operation (BE – HE)

• Exploitation Operation
• Emergency Operation after a fire started.

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ELECTRICAL
AUTHORIZATION
CERTIFICATE.
The certificate mentions the level of Electrical Authorization
and it is signed by the employer and the employee.
It should mention:
• Name, surname of the employee
• Function of the employee
• Employer
• Level (s) of Electrical Authorization
• date

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THE PADLOCKING
This the duty of the holder of BC / HC Electrical
Authorization

He does or supervises the padlocking

He is responsible of the disconnection of the

equipment from the power supply and the lock of the
switch disconnector.

He his establishing the acknowledgment of

padlocking. (work permit delivred)

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FIVE STEPS

Acknowledgment 2- Lock
should be signed
1- D i s c o n n e c t

3- Identify the equipment

4- Doing the Voltage

checking and the earthing

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FIRST STEP:
DISCONNECTION

Switch disconnector
Sockets
Withdraw fuse
Plug devices
Control, protesting devices

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SECOND STEP: EQUIPMENT
LOCK

Label and lock device

On LV equipment, Board
with « Equipment lockout –
Don not Manoeuvre »

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THIRD STEP:
IDENTIFICATION

Identify the place of the

equipment
Reading charts and circuit
diagram
Reading of labels and board
Visual identification

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FOURTH STEP: VOLTAGE
CHECKING

The voltage checking is

carried out close to the
working place
The earthing and short
circuiting should be done on
both part of the circuit.

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FIRTH STEP: MARK
WORKING PLACE

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THANK YOU
Ressources:
Standards :

• IEC 61140: Protection against electric shock – Common aspects for installation and equipment
• IEC 60950-1: Information technology equipment – Safety
• IEC 60529: Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (is.iec.60529.2001)
• IEC 61010: Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory
use

Schneider Electric “Cahier Techniques”

• CT 166 – Enclosure and Degree of Protection

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