TAYLOR'S Il) UNIVERSITY School of Architecture, Building and Design Bachelor of Science(Hons) in Architecture Building Construction | (BLD60303) Project 1: Experiencing Construction SEOW KOJI TAKEHIRA 0320816 ALISON TANG ING EE 0323705 CHLOE TEH SHU-ERN 0324101 CRYSLYN TAN ZHIALYN 0324249 DANA KAN JIA TORNG 0323648 DANICA GAN JIA-EN 0323708 DARREN TAN YONG TEE 0323398 LIM XIU QING 0323214Table of Content No. | Section Task Done by: Page No. 4.0 Introduction to Group Member and Detail 3 4.1 Introduction 1 Site 20 | Siteand Safety Danica Gan Jia-En 4-12 21 | Plants and Machinery 3.0 Preliminaries Work Dana Kan Jia Torng 13-21 3.1. |Site Layout, Setting out and Earth Work ete 4.0 | Foundation Darren Tan Yong Tee = 22-27 4.1. | Foundation type and constuction process (from reference) 4.2 | Foundation type and construction process (trom site visit) 5.0 | Suporstructure (rom ste visit and reference) 5.1 | Beam and Column Gyysiyn Tan Zhia Lyn 28-32 52 (Slab ‘Seow Kaji Takahira 33-38 53. Wal & Staircase Chloe Teh Shu-En 39-46 6.0 [Doors and Windows Lim Xiu ing 47-50 70 Root 7.1. | Roo! type and construction process (om site visi) ‘Alison Tang Ing Ee 51-55 7.2 | Roof type and construction process (trom reference) 80 Summary 568 8.1 | Reference 571.0 Introduction ‘This is a group projeetuhere our task Ist decide an angohg constuction site “which incudes whal we had leared in the syllabus. We had selected a sit, which is located in Bang south vew oy, under project name as Avens This site coneiderad to be bult with medium to low ise buldings, which are ane ofthe projects by ta ‘ing Group, Wie were required entity diferent type of building elements and its constuction process, elas and materials. In addition, we were io study and record Conseniclon of diferent buldhg elements aa detalles ss pessible, Our group consists of 8 members here each of them are responsble for dierent ‘consntlon process and its elements Grou Members: Seow Ke) Taketira oaz08t6 Lum xu Ging osaazts Cryst Tan hia Lyn omza249 Chbe Teh shu Em oxzsi01 ‘Alison Tang lg En ow23705 Danica Gan Jian 0323708 Daren Tan Yong Tee owzss08 Dana Kay Ja Tome on23648 141.___wmopucrion _to__ sme In a bulding constuction, the sinicure of the bulaing Is aides into wo paris The substructure and the super stuciue. Any part that transmit the Jond ofthe superstueure to the founcaton sot is ealee sub-set ang he patton of the bulding which is above tbe substuctue is called super Srucue, The woight of supersructure is fected bythe foundaten hence the foundation should be stong enough lo sustain the load of the super structure ta) ____Resuisements _ of __Fundation The foundation of substruoire distbutes the load ofthe ulaing evenly on the sollin such a way accortng to the maximum allowable bearing capacity ‘of aol, This i to strengtnen the bulding agains lateral forces caused ave to natural disasters such as tomado, earthquakes. and tsunami It provides ‘rong surface forthe consirucion of proposes struchire, and to provide saley io the siucluwe, preening rom callspsing a to Aim ot ‘suner Stucture ‘Tho ait of prowling super siruduro isto provide support inthe constuction fof building ss designed ty the Arntect and te Engineer teat Supor-stuctu incudes olomonts such columns. boas. stars and wal ‘These are designed to prove strength for canying the desc load and lve load expected to come on aferent parts ofthe structure in a safe and well cdetibuted manne. 1 te Ain ot Sie Inspecion In every construction project, Inspection of ste are required to analyse: - Bohaviour of sll near proposod wall and hcknoss of ayors of sol daposis. + Changes in sail behaviour and in deqin of water Table ~ Docion of flow of wator and is tainage + Movement in sath layer due to any rasson any,SITE AND SAFETY Danica Gan Jia-En 03237082.0 Site and Safety 2.0.4 Intraduetion| Neary 6 ritn people wok at spronatly 252.000 cannon ses aos no ‘on evry. The tal ura fr ha eanacton incu hia ha ay ea Fal fomighie 1 Fale ts we prope pesnal trio aunt are = Repetive ration tes 2.0.2 Personal Protectan Equipment (PPE) eet (Chemical or meas dst projection ga and vapour ain, Options Safe seca, goats, ce srcang, ‘eos, wor lo swe me eye protetanchacan hat th ight canbiaton ote wok and he ust aaa Nach Haars moact fom fallag ori ccs sh of hoa bums oy eting tance nme. ‘amici or son, cima orange a0 Options Indus say hanes, bump caps tr ant agama ‘+ Replace head rit fits damaged 2 amt rge nek protean agscave ovum dung wang SY ca all I™ sam ea ee © Pune etearasinnaenetenesie Seno + Seeerians fee nde nme ol og Hands snd Acs ‘eaten vbraton,bolpal agen’ nd rlnges reson in wate optons {Ghves, gloves cu gaits ar shaving hal coms pa ora arm © Avoid ges wen operating machines suchas bonch ils where he wes rch ge cava Note Eaatand Leas Wat hota ct conttons ductor bd up siping atk and pune, arg he's hany leads mes and chomal Spach wehews Safe oatsard stows wih roc necape nd pnciaon estan ecole lagi boot and speciosa 0 out bot an chance 1+ Footwear can have aay of sole pattems ard metal lp proversana 2.0.3 Site Security — Hoard [A topomry ton! fines ead acd» hing ate opmentne, vada, + een cenaontammospnres cuts. pas ant vapeur (no renaed ery, Sind naar ana rede ust Options -espuion prec equipment RPE) + Some saat ly on Fring comamiants ram worepace a These ‘sled ne lng acpces and aaa td powmraers ‘+ Tree ar aso ses cterecting aspartic wnch ove annaapencent | tara apa yng min OF renrs o workee and Vos athe haz on te suapiy of betta a +The sottyoeofreaseatorRter mst be used as chieetetne eon 8 ‘+ Frwsnava ony mae ta. whece neces 2 nerage of xgon any nga of wang conscauenens due Wo axooaie Wh ove otha tues, ouy use beating appara ~ neve obo afar cig Youn ned use brabing apart n 2 conned space other i chance of an oxygen eaten inte wrk area + Me sue te popany. Wale Sade eo, dient or mata epach say tom pss leaks sy guns cinkintes host rp: o Denton, excess wna etait a cing options Convention or apoeale overs, Ul su, prne, inkl mite charealy ingens snag itty + Donte tr rotecon Ske salty arose oft Wamina Tapes Boric Wy cated te otenweorporaing 8 ane pate of stating etonlact veda spe or he was "Caton’ ot Danger” rere lt) at une to waar etch i atron ofaetrsy of an ara oF auton carta2.0.4 Site Welfare Equipments Eta t ‘ealectonf supplies and equgrent ats usedta give medal eareri, and canbe bu tomer ba purpose y an acual or ogonzston of puenased empat, im Estinausher 2 porkle daveu na shares jt fmt oar G86, of ar matnaa ex gu a Tatas [odbc be sale and fica, ved and kp ina an ae edly Washing Facies ‘Gonoa ashng cttes uct be sue one aun, apt dean ard cso enw aang anlage croup orpaoae ewan arco, anes ona ams, ‘Sean nat ond cal, x warm, ein water Soap of bar sutabe maa of cea owes oF ae eulbe means of aning ae showers ware tbe rare wot ipa ity or hare rad enkina waar Dent water musi be pide or made avast areas acess ana suitable ove, ‘ape mo equted une fh up in aa or whi eg can doko, ‘Snanging Rooms snd Lockers [Graran coms ara nseaee ware waters Rave 9 War wpa eethng forma urpcoe ‘Te rooms mustoe ced wn sacra. meanaof arin an eng cen and parser erect sou. acs or Rast ations ves amas ace mgt espa wh len antiguas) ‘afc or the nr of persons Bly ee a yore “Thera howl be arangrent fr naa be propane and wt, le are bath2.0.5 Machinery Safely arts Moning macinery can cause resin any Ways ‘Sharp eoes can cute cts, sb or pune he sn anrough race ‘ars can cause Fiction or abrasion Pooals canbe evened batwaon ig cans ct 2 maine Ko ar, baie na ploy eos. Toy can ees ba cuted by e racine apans! a Wao one ebec. Te pat movtigoastene area can also cause shou Partial tie macho, raters anc emissions rich slano wat) a be tor ec enough to cause bun Seals and wre can couse sleetrealsneck ard mins lunes ean ave sca doe macinaryBosomng unease eng dewoestrg ‘ute orwnen machines ar ued merece tough ewetence crack at aieg hacker the machine ie wel maintained ac to a {eaine mocina Susan and acersnes WAM me mans spate ie apron prota cong and quent equa fr that 20 machine or spetace tat has donger a or top atoere ok rear ding diane loot dots gsr ose, ang ha tha caus Geleawaicup in mova pate Gana peopia nto arent machines ‘enove any segs 2.0.6 Elevated Work Areas Scafeding Harare Wen seats a0 nt erase utes propery. al azar can occur Solutions (+ Scafld uml be ound igi an suc cary fc welt plas four tines heim nan en wt ating ogc ‘mst be erected on sli otha = Unstable tects, suchas tare, owes, loose bets oreonerete ks Imus rato used suport sca oan = Seafolt mustrotbe erecta, moved, demantes or and excaptunder ‘hoauperison oa compete person, = Seafoit mustte equipped wih quar, mals as tooo 1+ Sead acwssones son as aes Dect, res acre geo laos rat ae damaged or weaken om any cause muse inmost roped or ele = Seatalt paterns mista tay slnkas win esto lank grace = Avcompatanerser uct nspoct ne searing ng st vgn1 Ponng on sponse sate mist inpectea nya compstent ‘zu nenty onsura atalcarnesoe are Rana at no cnrage rte aogrg nas occured ence ar wo, 1 Syomese ena nsuiope wsain suaponacnscaataing mustb0 otagas Yom most recusna s0uo08 Employee must nant aout ms hazards etuangdagna! races Scat canbe aecosos busin aso and strut Faprotecion = Uso guaciats f anes systems, safety es, covers and restraint systems Te sates weer ere ge floors one Une rt ye parson fal arent yer toy harness) sce Hevea compen pron Veuty inept amc before ve fr any strut! carage eptvtant ogo mi, token or mashg ‘ugartopaiocts and miseeg &donaged sty © Giese, arta ater contaminate at sous caus se Pancor stoners oxopt main aba) at couse possi otc 1 Mate eve wattadoe are tong enough a aly act tw was ra, ‘+ Marketa samaped or cxfacive war fr tapa or rpacemeat ‘soci bem nerdy ‘+ Movertousndscrsteyond be manu arsed cad orbeyons he imanuaeurers ted cacy, (2 Bese ne a ing can spor na apt one usr, nating 5 oid using laden wth mete component areca workin Solmass Sips ips and falzon strays are amar saace fit ad bales a9 ‘+ Stay teods and nalnays must be ee of angers cbjets, brs ‘+ oper condionson siarnaysadwahways mus be cored inact ‘+ Make sr at weads cover to enti top and ning, = Stoiways having fou or more rsersorsing more than 30 inches mist have atleast on hans,2.1 Plants and Machinery 2.1.4 Construction Regulation for Plants and Machinery Under the conection oguaions; ‘onstruction stage sal ensue that fae and aulabiaaccons ways are provided ‘ec thom (b) wale and pedeatian rules are se organed and contelle intislna, ‘rare apooprist. by the provision ofa Wale and peaestian management pln, 2.1.2 Earth Moving and Excavating Equipment Hoary acupment ears to hea dy ene, spat designed or axsetng Conrnchon ks mest eave ones mcg hurr operaters Tiny wahy ‘Sere wa oqomontsjlama irgamentYacton soucue, power vin eral and ‘nrrater. Heavy acumen urctone tough he mecca aavanaga ota saC ‘nace, heave Seween pul ee ape ad ace eure ie uses. Same ‘cevomencoves hyraac eve a a pranaryeouceo maon. 2.1.2.1 Typas and Examples of Eartn Moving and Excavating Equipment onder ‘type of heavy equipment machine used in construction to move aside or load ‘materials sch as asphalt, demalivon debi, dirt. stow. fed, gravel oes raw rrinras, recycled mates, otk, sand, woodchips, ete Into or onto another type ‘ot machinery mechan cal excavator that draws toward itself a bucket attached to hinged boom. [type of heavy construction equipment for removing sol rom the ground. Pimp soma 2.4.2.2 Trucks and Hauling Equipment Dump Tce ‘cmp truck sa truck used for transporting oose material for construction 10Telescopic Handler ‘A telescopic handlor has 2 silar appearance and function toa fork but is ‘more a crane than forklift, withcreased versa of @ single elescapic boom ‘hat can extent forwards and upwards from the vahide 2.1.2.8 Lifing and Vertical Transportation Equioment Telescoping Boom Truck Mounted Mobile rane ‘Acable-contrlled cane mounted on crawlers of rubber-tred carers or 8 yea powered crane wt telescoping boom mounted on tuck-ype camirs or as slpropates models, Tower Crane ‘Atypo of machino, that can be used bot ot and lower materials and to ‘move them horizontal & manly used for Ifing heme tings ane transporting tem ctor pia: 2.1.2.4 Concrete Plant and Equipment ‘To transport mised concrete rom amiaing plant to the se "‘Aconerete mor 's a device tat homogeneously combines cement. opgregate such as sand or gavel, and water to form concrete 2.1.2.5 Plle Driving Equipment yea Pile Driving Rig ‘pile ctivor& 2 moctanical device used to dive ples Int sal io provide ‘undation support for buleings or ether structures, 2.4.26 Other Equipments ‘Tandem Vibratory Roller “Tandem vbilory rollers compact feshiy placed asphali mas io spect densities Uusieg Wo, smoom tes! drums that vlrate to eansoidate he mater Vibratory Pate Compators Vibratory plats compactors aro ongine- powered, wall-bhind machines that impart powerul vbrstory compaction efor te loose materals and asphat via Dotor-meunted stool plas that might vary in area trom 1.5% Ssquare fet 12PRELIMINARY WORKS Dana Kan Jia Torng 03236483.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS 3.0.1 Introduction Protminary works ina constuction means al actvilss and proparaton that ha o be canted out before te main constuction work commences in ardor fort {ogo smoatiy 3. Next the topsol at 306 is removed because it contains 3.1 Site Clearance ‘seesying organic mater ard ot, Site clearance is he compulsory procedure to remove any obstucing a spar of tho coll unetablose ‘elements such as vegetation found onsite to prepare for excavation or Pied nite lanes ‘structure bulding. It nvalvos: foundation and structure buling “cemoiiton and removal of existing bulings and stuctures; -grubbing ou of bushes and woos removal of opsoilto reduce levels STEPS: 4.Lasty, excavate he desrod pin and iranspor the topsolto ‘note space ait can be reused ter 1. irvegetaton is removed. A bulldozers used 10 uproot he trees 2. Then, the buldezer is used to fomove th cbared vegetation trom these, The uprooted turks and loose rocks are pushed toward a ‘olecton point Tale andheaver ‘ranks that cannat be pushed bythe bulldozer are towed away by another machinery, Excavator removing topsoil on site 43.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS. 3.2 Site Investigation The ste investigation san essential preliminary measur ofthe design and constuction of proc as the superstructure depends onthe subsiructre “Through site invesigaton, key elemeris suchas the sol condion, surounding buidings and accessibilty can be defied and bis wil allow adequale arnount nd ype of esources and cost of consinucton tobe decided 3.24 Soll Investigation As the statity andintegrty of a bulding depends onthe sai's strength uncer losing fan pressure of he butding, ground! so Investigation Is wiato be cared aut tore any onetruction works done on Unknown ground, “The purpose of sol ivestigaion iso: ‘© deteminethe sulabily of the si for te proposed project (determine the sltable and economic foundation design {Selene the occurrence and cause of changes n subsol conditions ‘The objpatves are caieg out to test he chemical and genera characterises of the sol by collecting sol samples tom propct st. ‘Thove are obtained tough a) Tal pts; orb) Exploratory borcholes, Differences between trial pit and borehole 19) Tia pits: done through collection of samples from excavated pits for vu inspection by digging manually or through machines: This is dane so that ‘samples can be collected wthout Interfering th eonsenction progress 1+ useforcolecing sample fom * Use 1 exact sama by shallow ground condtions sting through dense rock formations at adopt boyand ‘+ Subsol canbe visually ra its inapected insite |+ cheaper and simpler metnos than ial its 83.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS. 3.3 Setting Out Sefting out the balding outing is usualy caied aut once the site has ben cleared of any lets and any racuced lvel excavation works frished. Boundaries are marked and Ine on ston fforentiato land batwoon diferent occupants. Te postion ofthe ine must be clearly marked onsite so tha can be ot yp atany tne ‘and to ensure the corecposioring of varius elements af te building pat PROCESS 1. First a base In from which the whole 3. After completing and checking the seting out ofthe main bling Ines, ‘ofthe buicing can be set ut to be profile boards ate et yp to determine the comers ofthe buildings. These are ‘etalished a thie wl usualy be s0Lup dar ofthe foundation onch positon wo loca the tanh, provided on a seting-ou rang forthe ‘undations and wal. ‘ounsations, 2. Aer te baseline has been sel out, each comer should be marked wit 2 ‘corner og. A check should row be made a the sering out Ines fr rghe-ongles| ‘and cortct engi. ‘Sang out and checking methods Sting ot ting tine cso3.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS 3.3.4 Site Layout! Site Boundary Retention pond | ste securty and entrance : ™~ N\ ‘Ste OFicelwotkers quarers ‘Ste Boundary ‘&Tomporary Feneing Site 1 (Single Bungalow Construction) Construction area Site 2 (Residential Terrace House Development) Sie Oficarworkar's cuarters 173.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS 3.4 Earthwork and Excavations artwork isa process which inaives removing moving and adding large quartites of si, rocks ftom an existng land to rather rea. This s done to achieve a stilabe level ot height fora constucton purpose: The speci ipe of eathwrrk done is determined by he conditon of the sieand soll and lb repare thesile for ‘ter consruction works such as making roaaways, works on bridges ond undertunnels ‘Types of Excavation ‘Topsoil excavation the removal of tp call 2¢@ Building Reguation Requirement Depth varies fam sitet st but usualy ina 150 to 00m" ‘ango. Top sol contain fora andauna life and dacaying mater which makes ‘he soll compressible and unsutabie to support the buiing siete © Recuee evel Grading surfaces Cut and Fil metros Existing dopes are moaswed ana leveled. Ths isa common ane most Used method as it can help save on the labour work of ianiing anc also {ime conewmed on anspor. The ‘quantity ofsal tathas been romoved wil aqua tothe quantty be fas Phils of the concn ofthe slopes on ste Sloping site “On our ste we vsted, the ground wes also uneven and ata siope. To ‘ensure the bulding skucture is bullon @desied levelled ground, was Necessary for he ate for he ResdemalTerace houses to underge the cut and fl process. Procose of excavator removing and Mig cit 183.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS. ‘Tranch Excavations: arrow excavations primal for ety foundations and buried services, Figures below shows dota ofthe excavation. Trench Excavation found on sts Excavation work canied ou by machine. OBJECTIVE ‘The sides and op of the excavations needs tobe state and be able to support to: + protect he workers while ‘working hr the excavatton = keep the excavation open by ‘acting 38a retaining wal 10 the Sides ofthe tench prevent any hazard fling into the excavation Before 2 foundation can be lad, itis necessary to excavate a rench of required depth and width. isa ‘ype of temporery earthwork support and ne type and amount needed depends on the ype of sol, depth ‘and alu of subsol, depth of excavation, weather condiion and duration. The centre rod moves up nd down the excavation enecking depth; he two side 043 are ploosd in the ‘groundinent to the excavation. 193.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS 3.5 Site Proparation TEMPORARY INFRASTRUCTURES Tomporaryinfrasrucures orecad a tho ito before constuction works commence, These sare preparations done 1o ensure te safety of the pub constuction workers ano ensure 1 not damage. MATERIAL STORAGE ‘Open storage area fr matoriats that are heavy and buky and more weather resistant Less ‘durabio and more expensive materials are kopt in the storage cabin, The method of stacking and bunting upis used aso o lessen damage anc to ready for easy use iti nally tacked and dows HOARDING/ FENCING =a Temporary fencing erected around porimetar of construction site to prevent unauthorised access and to shold fe constuction si from public wow to cause ls dstrbance INFORMATION SITE BOARD Proper signage set outs the hoarding ‘an int |880g¢ ro the Inform he pb construdion ste. cha SCAFFOLDING Temporary sructure made of wooden plans ana mesa used for ease of cosss upworos mebuising WASTAGE DISPOSAL ‘large container Is pled outsce the construction site b cals waste and constriction debs prosticed onsite 1 be iter isposedofl. This is also b ensure the ‘eanness of he sits mainzanes 203.0 PRELIMINARY WORKS TEMPORARY TOILET TEMPORARY SERVICES Ste tole for eonaceors ana worker's use, Awsatic purposes ae not the focus as they are ony temoorary. Temporary water supply '¢ also provided fr Juntonal and hygenic purposes. SITE OFFICE Siw offeo to accomodate sto managers ta hol! mestings and to stro ‘constructin site documentations. The wotking space has io be fay accessible and practical and has necoessery working furnishings. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY WORKER'S QUARTERS Fr constant and ready supply of electcal energy to poner many construction rmacineres operations to ‘enhance werk efficionay land recuce workload Temporary shee for construction workers o rest and siay on ee during construction pose asic needs provided fr the workers incude bedroom ichen, storage fails and tit ‘These sheers need i full crisis such as being weatherproot,fre-proo, located ata safe istanco any tro construction work and good vention and insulaton purposes. 21FOUNDATION Darren Tan Yong Tee 03233984.0 FOUNDATION INTRODUCTION “The foundation makes up the substrckire of abutting, MMOEEM ng top atInsulation of windows are almost the same as doors. 1 Before constructing the window, ro measurement and | | layout need to be thesamecompare = tothe plan, 2.Add intel atthetop to support the brickor the structure to prevent it from sinking down, 3. afer adding lintel to the laying bricks ti the top, 6, Plaster the wall to glve a smooth finishes surface and insert the frame af the window. Windows material at site: Aluminium frame window for allthe windows in the residential construction site Types of windows designs ar erences Lf but different design atest, iT I Additional material use in the site for doors and windows: corner bead Use to provides neat edges for walls nd ako for doors, windows and other openings. Corner bead 50ROOF Alison Tang Ing Ee 03237057.0 Roof 7. Introduction Footie a pat of abulding envolope hat cover on ti uppermost part ofa Gabe root Beier he cot te clon saresta eat wetatnnd igen hve wo soon se at come ogra cea aa ta aieths warp acbese Tapes toveu sens ibcouiel anon tosrouta cur mad ier ne eariaiiat CNY J theta sot conc NF ro dl st oven rea at pr yero—o Eo moreces Part 3 scent tla roots ave dafnaly tho most simple rot to bull as they have = ‘no pitch. The flat roof space can also be used for some activities. je Ganbrl Root The game! root's usualy 2 symmetca wo slope sided root on ‘act sids. Tho upper slop is wit 2 shallow angle while the lower rt re te Slope sop, tee ae ms ate Teese refit cata one encom yh Pat of eng Ragan reg fr punt Available types of roofs from the site: 7.2 Types of roof shapes “The main factors which inence the shape of roofs ae surounding ‘envtonment, climate andthe matenals avaible for root srt, Root termineogy snot rid detned. Root shajpes vary form simoat fa steeply plichod ttom io to ime. Gable Roof 627.3 Roofing Materials Roofing material isthe oulermost layer on the roo ofa bung. sel superting sometime bul generally supported by underving stucture. The bung roofing materials proud sheer rom the natiralelements The cuter ayer of he rot Shows the great variation dependent upon availability of fe nate of he Supporing srucure and matoal Sheathing. undeymentsfasters and he hou be Instales in accordance chy Tl ‘Clay leis mad rom dense, hard and ronabsorbent material. The tes _ateinlended to provide the drainage and wate shedding to form a diy ‘Soverng vera builcing, Cy thes re also used fo protct@ waterprot Underlayment fem wind, sun anafr Beste reasons. oneret tle Concrete te smd fom a misture of aggregate, portland cement anc water. Concrete ties have 2 long lespan, ae resistant toro and insects and also ofler good fro pretocton. Their drength is srngthon by tho inteocking modo of nstaing ilo roofs and Is xtromaly durable. » concrete hackenda root Roof tile from site: Roof Construction Method Rafter roof Rotter ae sped framing running sourward from the peak of he root othe Plates of th outside wale. Thay acl as tho support for tho root ead. Pura Plates aro used to support longo rafter spans. Putinie sructral member ina Fool and use asa suppor fr rfl on Celng Joists te te outside walsogether and support ne cating materi for tho bulting. For axa stonghh, colar boar or colar tos may bo ataciod higher up betwoon opposite rafters. The plates. aos and te beams sare to ‘ransterthe weight ofthe roo the walls ofthe bulling cxmentter iE ssn Cangoat tem st 63Truss roof ‘A tinbor roo tues ie 2 structural framework of imbors docked to prowde ‘support fora root and o connect the space above a room. ti often refented fs Acrames, Truss roof occur at regular terval, inked by longitcnal Aimbers sch as puting. ay is he space between each uss. (Queen Post Tuse 4. Quoon posts 2. Te Bear 3. Staining besm 4 Prncpal rater king Post Truss 1. King post 2 Te Beam 3. Principal Rafters 4.Sius ‘Tho Attar conbines he rales, joss and jacks together. ‘A toofis made up of some fdrames. Trusses are ‘manufactures in some aterent ‘Shapos and se to suit tho needs of various ypos of rocks. Sein Installation of truss “Trusses as ited by crane ina manner that minimises lateral bending stresses, 2 Each bunds of wood wil belied soparaioly and tna worker wll attach the ‘chains from he spear bar tothe vo nade points at each ase of the us, '3Thojonors usedto mark cach postion of te tusves a6 spect on the {rawing along ihe wal plate 4.The trusses wil be fixed in sequence and accordance with woking drawings. S5lstars wih the gable russ whieh is ust nse or placed over the end wal 8.Brace t hack to some other stable part af the structure orto He greun 7-Fb tothe top plate atthe required location which usualy ndiated by set out marks a8 290) uss 8 insaie {To ensure corect algnment.use a gavgingrod and tes for seacing the tisses, ‘and # sing Ine along te apex Bits important that esos a rod up along the apex bu nt Fie hooks. 10-The russes must be braosd longitucinaly as they are erected {itis to provdethe stabi to the trusses duving Pe process of erection +2, ful nstalation|s completed, the botom chord es should be maintained inplace.Installation of Roof Sheathing 41.To doxermine the rat long ofeach rater by measuring frm tho peak othe root long each rar on one side ofthe oof. Measure th clstance trom the pak to the Np of the rafter ain the fst and last rater of the run and make a penll mark To make @ cut lne.snap a chalk ine benvoen Be IWe pane mark. 2.Cut each rafter talon the chalk tne by using cular saw io ensure that every rafter is thesame nth {3 Pace the frst ploe of ranted sand board sheathing an tie batom of raft tale at (one end of the oot Alon he long edge of the sheathing withthe end of the sheathing fra the rater tals. With nal every 6 inches along each rater, nail he sheathing int place by using 2 tamngnaler oriented strand board sheathing 4.Locate anther piece of sheathing beside the fist signed wih the end of he rte ia Then allow @Yeinch gapbehvesn te frst and second sheet or seasonal expansion. Use a framing naesto nal his sheathing nto place. Repeat wth aditionl sheathing unt reach he.endat he frst rom '5.To begin the second row piace 8 plece of sheathing above he fst plece thet was Installed Side the aheet ofa rafter wich over Pie end a he root 80 the edge is eantered on the mex! rater. Raso tie @oathing % ch above fe provious ow and nal the sheathing io the plac. tor competing the socond raw of sheathing, move onto te thd row. fourth Faw ad soon untlthe last row exonds past he peak ofthe rot 6.Mark2 chalking along the ovethanging sheets. Use a cicular sau'o tim off he excess sheathing. Tim ofthe lps of those sheets which chalk Ine with he aligned shasthing onthe peak ofthe roo! 7 Repeat he process withthe opposite side of the gable rok Roof Underlays Roof Undorays are cllod saring or rooting felt provides the baror 1 the ony of wd and rain blown botwoon the tos or siatos. lis laid between the roof shingles andthe oof dcking. There are some main purposes of 1 Water barter which prevent the extemal water vapour tram percolatnginio the rofing deck 2. Te proven the comical mtu fr shingle root rom leaking onte the reathg dock. 5.Acts as a secondary ambient barby reinforcing the im of heat and sound insulation. leach top layer taken over ridge to form good overlap verge edge | unveriay taken aver edge to ‘terminate over gutter 558.0 Summary In this project, we had learn the skills to analyse, compare and to refer different elements of building construction in terms of its process, method, materials, and the necessary tools. This report includes the detail and the summary of the available building construction method, which is widely used in the modem construction industry. This project enables us to have insight and build knowledge on how the process of each and different construction phase can affect time, cost and resources spent.8.4 Reference Site and Safety Chueley, FR. & Greene, R. (2008), Builting constuction handbook: Osior Butienworth Heinemann, Persona protective equipment (PPE). (n.d). Retrieved September 2, 2016, ‘rom hiitwwirhse.gov.uktoolboxippeim “Trafic Management| Contractors Equipment | Geeenham | Greenham Site (7nd). Rotiowed Soptembor 22.2016, fom tw genta, conContractors Equipment Trae-Manage ment-<-CA ‘Organising ste welfare. (nd). Retneved September 28,2016, tom ip nee gov uklconsivctnsatetytopc swears Nim Why ismactinory safety mporiant? (ns). Robioved September 29,2016, ‘tom hiptwwuhse govuktealboximachinery/sfety him UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR. (nd). Rettloved October 6, 2016, romhitips hmuw.osha gow Publicaions/OSHAS250/3252 hint Tandem Vibrator Rollers. (n.d). Retiaved October 8, 2016, rom pst constuctonaqulpment.com andar: vbraiory ols Vibratory Plate Compactors. (nt). Retieved October 13,2016, rom tpsfmew.constuctonequiprient.comvibraton-plate-compaciors Heath and Saety (Safty Sigs and Signats Regulations) 1996. nd.) 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Retbved October 16, 2016, tem hnuozAvn.desimingbuldings. co ukdwiiMoanting for constuction sites (©. (2010). WORK PROCEDURE -EXCAVATION. Reiieved October 16, 20%6; trom Mipsiheconsuctor orp pratical quieter procacute excavation 1621 srFoundation Raft foundation. (nd). Retreved October 7, 2016, from pfeiviconsiructontips blogspot my/2011/06ra foundation imi FOUNDATION SELECTION CRITERIA FOR BUILDINGS. (2014). Raieved cteber 12,2076, from ht tneconstucterorigeotechnicalfoundation selacton-entvia'63?1/ FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF FOUNDATION FOR BUILDINGS, (2016), Routeved Ociobor 16,2016, rom ynsconstu nica Vlactors-affetn ‘rsbulcinesrOS04" Jedion-f foundation-£ Beam and Column ‘Ching, Frands B.K. Bulag Gonsiruction ly stated. Sth ed. 2014. Pain. 4. Types of Formwork. 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Ratiovad Oxober 10.2016 Nheconstructer or/enscuraLangaicomces te steLjostlS805Doors and Windows Francis D.K. Ching, 2008, Building Construction llustrated. Fouth Editon Roofs thiscchouse comiseasirootsnapes 3 r/ReotFramng ttm wy pole-bam infobulding-aers html sie wont framing! wy dynehyetk ceminow screams anc-spsceslexteonal about ches vsses-and-faming buat pra com aularhiens-buldes-designers-angherstpreductinior maionostinsses! a pro bulder com f4oct-sheating instalation mecuiies sige comintallcoof-he thing S076 Hn ‘Simmen H Leslie 2001. Construction: Pineples Maieils and Method, 7th Eaiton. New Yark John Wiey&Sone. Staircase and Walls hits popularmechanies.comvhomehow0-plans/hou 6214814224738) hup:i/schools-ednetns calaweb180/tehiek/notesTexrade O/tateonstruct oni hip ietremehonto comMhowtobuldstirs/ ‘ntailcvibng r9/2011109:28/10-itterenypesofsiats-commonh- designed. ‘butting hips understandeonstrucon corals Him hitpa/unver hebalonee.convexteror-wal-matetas-usedin-bulising-Sonsius oneaasas, hp: nucorbuldingsystors.conouldrongnooringlipe13.pat itp: swnw understandaonstruction corals Hl hip iheconstructororpbuidingtypes-oF masonry-wals/10600/ 69