140

Chapter 6

Class and Example Structures Joined Movement

of Joint
Plane
Acromioclavicular Acromion process of Slight
scapula and clavicle
Carpometacarpal Carpals and metacarpals 2–5 Slight
Costovertebral Ribs and vertebrae Slight
Intercarpal Between carpal bones Slight
Intermetatarsal Between metatarsal bones Slight
Intertarsal Between tarsal bones Slight
Intervertebral Between articular processes of Slight
adjacent vertebrae
Sacroiliac Between sacrum and hip bone Slight
Plane Intervertebral (complex joint with several
planes and synchondroses)
Tarsometatarsal Tarsal bones and metatarsal Slight
bones

Saddle
Carpometacarpal Carpal and metacarpal Two axes
pollicis of thumb
Intercarpal Between carpal bones Slight
Sternoclavicular Manubrium of sternum Slight
and clavicle

Saddle Carpometacarpal

Hinge
Cubital (elbow) Humerus, ulna, and radius One axis
Knee Femur and tibia One axis
Interphalangeal Between phalanges One axis
Talocrural (ankle) Talus, tibia, and fibula Multiple axes;
one predominates

Hinge Cubital

Pivot
Atlantoaxial Atlas and axis Rotation
Proximal radioulnar Radius and ulna Rotation
Distal radioulnar Radius and ulna Rotation

Pivot Proximal radioulnar

Ball-and-Socket
Hip Hip bone and femur Multiple axes
Glenohumeral Scapula and humerus Multiple axes
(shoulder)

Ball-and-socket Glenohumeral

Ellipsoid
Atlantooccipital Atlas and occipital bone Two axes
Metacarpopha- Metacarpal bones and Two axes
langeal (knuckles) phalanges
Metatarsopha- Metatarsal bones and Two axes
langeal (ball of f oot) phalanges
Radiocarpal (wrist) Radius and carpal bones Multiple axes
Temporomandibular Mandible and temporal bone Multiple axes;
one predominates

Ellipsoid Atlantooccipital

Figure 6.41  Types of Synovial Joints

There are six types of synovial joints found throughout the body. The degree of movement varies with the specific joint type.
142 Chapter 6

Abduction

Abduction

Anterior to Posterior to
frontal plane frontal plane

Flexion Extension

Adduction

Flexion

Extension
(a) (b) Frontal plane (c)

Pronation

(d) Supination

Circumduction
Medial rotation Lateral rotation

(e) (f)

Figure 6.43    Types of Movement

(a) Flexion and extension of the elbow. (b) Flexion and extension of the neck. (c) Abduction and adduction of the fingers. (d) Pronation and supination of the
hand. (e) Medial and lateral rotation of the arm. (f  ) Circumduction of the arm. (a, d-f): ©Eric Wise; (b, c): ©McGraw-Hill Education/Tamara Klein