Metabolisme Asam Amino

pada Monogastrik
Sri Suharti
Departemen Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi pakan
Fakultas Peternakan IPB
2016
Protein Degradation

Protein
Pepsin (stomach)
Trypsin, chymotrypsin (pancreas)

Peptides

Carboxypeptidase (pancreas)
Aminopeptidase (small intestine)

Amino Acids
Protein Digestion SMALL INTESTINE

Trypsin, chymotrypsin break down polypeptides into

peptides (both from pancreas)
Carboxypeptidase (from pancreas) and aminopeptidase
(from small intestine) break down peptides into amino
acids
 Chemistry of Digestion: Proteins

Proteins
Small polypeptides
Amino acids

Endopeptidases (proteases)
◦E.g. pepsin (stomach)
Exopeptidases
◦E.g. carboxypeptidase (small
intestine)
Amino Acid Degradation
In animals,amino acids undergo oxidative degradation in 3 different
metabolic circumstances:
1. During normal synthesis and degradation of cellular proteins,
some amino acids, that are not needed for new protein
synthesis, undergo OXİDATİVE DEGRADATİON
2. When a diet is rich in protein, the surplus amino acids are
catabolized ( in the liver amino acids can't be stored)
3. During starvation and uncontrolled DM, when carbohydrates are
unavailable or improperly utilized, cellular proteins are used as
fuel.

5
Overview
 Animals convert α-amino
nitrogen to varied end products
as ammonia, uric acid or urea.
 Humans are ureotelic and excrete
non-toxic, water-soluble urea.

Hasil akhir :
1. Organisme ureotelik urea (mamalia)
2. Organisme urikotelik asam urat (reptil & burung )
3. Organisme ammonitelik ammonia (NH3)pd ikan
METABOLISME ASAM AMINO

Asam amino yg terbentuk di usus akan diabsorbsi dan dibawa oleh peredaran
darah ke dalam sel-sel tubuh.

METABOLISME ASAM AMINO DI DALAM SEL :

1. KATABOLISME :
* Katabolisme Nitrogen asam amino UREA
* Katabolisme kerangka karbon asam amino senyawa amfibolik
2. ANABOLISME sintesis protein
Ada 20 jenis asam amino dasar : 10 macam adalah asam amino essensial
3. PEMBENTUKAN PRODUK KHUSUS
 ASAM AMINO
PROTEIN N PRODUK
KHUSUS
UREA KERANGKA C

SENYAWA AMFIBOLIK

ENERGI BIOSINTESIS MENJADI

SENYAWA LAIN
Apabila asam amino dr makanan berlebihan (melebihi kebutuhan tubuh untuk
sintesis protein, produk khusus dll.)maka kelebihan/sisanya tak dapat ditimbun
diubah menjadi lemak sebagai cadangan kalori tubuh
TAHAP KATABOLISME NITROGEN ASAM AMINO

1. TRANSAMINASI
2. DEAMINASI OKSIDATIF
3. TRANSPOR AMONIA
4. SIKLUS UREA
11
Transamination

Transamination transfers α-amino nitrogen to α-ketoglutarate, forming glutamate.

Transamination interconverts pairs of α-amino acids and α-ketoacids.
Amino acids that don't participate in transamination:Lysine, threonine, proline,
hydroxyproline.
Reversible
Aminotransferases (transferases) remove the amino group from most amino acids and
produce the corresponding α -ketoacid

12
13
Cofactor:Pyridoxal phosphate
Pyridoxamine is the intermediate in the
reaction.
Alanine-pyruvate amino transferase
(alanine aminotransferase) and glutamate
α-ketoglutarate amino transferase
(glutamate aminotransferase) catalyze the
transfer of amino groups to pyruvate
(forming alanine) or to α-ketoglutare
(forming glutamate)

14
 Each aminotransferase is specific for one pair of substrates but nonspecific for the other.
 Since alanine is also a substrate for glutamate aminotransferase, all the amino nitrogen from
amino acids that undergo transamination can be concentrated in glutamate
 The effect of transamination reaction is to collect the amino groups from many different
amino acids in the form of L-glutamate.
 L-glutamate then functions as an amino group donor for biosynthetic pathways or for
excretion pathways that lead to the eliminaton of nitrogenous waste products.
 Glutamate releases its amino qroup as ammonia in the liver.
 In hepatocytes, glutamate is transported from cytosol into mitochondria, where it undergoes
OXİDATİVE DEAMİNATİON by glutamate dehydrogenase.

15
16
Gambar : kaitan antara asam amino dengan siklus asam sitrat
Siklus Urea
Gugus-gugus amin dilepaskan menjadi ion amonium (NH4+) yang selanjutnya
masuk ke dalam siklus urea di hati. Dalam siklus ini dihasilkan urea yang
selanjutnya dibuang melalui ginjal berupa urin.
Proses yang terjadi di dalam siklus urea
Urea Cycle
Overview

Amino acids come

from recycling
(glutamine), muscle
glycolysis (alanine),
and diet.
Begin in the Mitochondrion
 Summary of Amino Acid Catabolism

KATABOLISME KERANGKA KARBON

ASAM AMINO
Kerangka C asam amino senyawa
amfibolik ( senyawa keto)
Asam amino yg membentuk senyawa
amfibolik anggota siklus asam sitrat :
Oksaloasetat, fumarat, suksinil KoA,
ketoglutaratbersifat glukogenik
(dapat membentuk glukosa)
Asam amino yg membentuk piruvat akan
membentuk oksaloasetat bersifat
glukogenik
Asam amino yg membentuk asetil KoA
(tidak lewat piruvat) / aseto asetil KoA
bersifat ketogenik, dapat membentuk
senyawa keton
 PRODUK KHUSUS

ASAM AMINO PRODUK KHUSUS

Glisin heme, purin, glutathion, kreatin, asam glikokholat
Metionin donor gugusan metil
Arginin kreatin
Histidin histamin
Triptofan serotonin
Fenilalanin, Tirosin melanin, adrenalin, noradrenalin, tiroksin
Glutamat GABA (Gamma Amino Butiric Acid)
Terimakasih