Unit 1 State and action verbs ‘We wse action verb to describe chings that happen. Acton verbs are used in the present simple or the present continuous. “Toe so shines there every day. Toe sr is sbiming ray. ‘We use ste verb ro describe sates like being, possessing, feling snd thinking, Stave verb aren't usually wed with the present Wnanaresscmeaning? What do ys mean? Some ofthese verbs can be state or ation verbs, although she sesning changes ‘Touse ccs fel lovely end sft. Te sate ofthe clothes) ‘She's feeling the slater ow fb ike them. (Te action of touching end feling) Some stare verbs are used as accion verbs in informal contexts, for caample lit end lve. ‘Some common stats verbs are: agre, appear, be, belive, belong, Tomieolag ie tif ogy Bae, re are 8 com Pfr rebar rember, tne oot Present simple and present continuous [ Affirmative ‘Negative I Question Present ‘TowWe/They speak Russizn. | 1/You/We/They do not (don’t) speak | Do I/yow/we/they speak | Simple, | He/She/e pent Sasa Kosten Rosas | HuShe/ does not Goes) speak | Does else ses Rossin? ‘Russian, | Present | Lama (im) peaking French Tam (mao speaking French AmtepeitingFrace | Cratinus | Woo Wertepartre)apeaking | YouUieThey rence acaDapeaking | Areyou/wottey peaking | Frensh French Feu Eevee) peaking Feach | He/She/Ieis not Gan speaking French, | Is befsec peakng French? ‘Use the present continous to talk about things thet are happening row and about temporary and changing situations. Questions Tn questions with be the verb goes before the subject. Ts she a famous comgaser? In questions with modals, questions in che present or past continuous and present or past perfect che subject goes berween ‘he auliay verb (an, wil way, bar et) and the main ve, Where cam you study ator rec in thee? Hezve you tao 2 cizensbip 2? Subject / Object questions ‘When a question word she objet of present sizleo pat simple question, ase defer di ati Which er da pie bet? © Unit + Grammar focus ‘Ure the present simple to tall about habits and rousines and sbovt things char are aways ue ‘We don't usually use the present continuous with state verbs. In prevent simple or pst simple questions the auelary verb Aalid goes before the subject. Whe dows the suary have eetons? Where did te fc resides cme from? ‘When question word isthe subject ofa present simple or pat simple question, we don’ use dfs or aid tet shin Whe pained she Mons Lisa?Unit 1 Exercises State and action verbs 1. Choose the correct option 1 Whavare you masning do you mean? 2 Tm socry, Pm nt amderanding | Td undead 3 Asa result of the inremet languages around ce world hang / are changing more these days han inthe ps. Present simple and present continuous 2 Complete the sentences with the presen simple or present onsinuous form of the ver in bold 1 drive a He. a motorbike every dey: * He toand from work this week. 2 speak © She___ three languages. » She tober doctor atthe moment 2 work + T____ in Belgium forthe res of che year. & Lenjoy my job-T ase chemis. 4 sranslate + They, documents and offer other services. > They. seme documents for an important ese. Questions 4. Complete the questions with the corect form of door be 1 Which city the capital of your coun? 2. What kind of place the capital of your county? ‘your cy belong toa Capital of Culrare programme? Jots of tourisa vst the capital of your coun? the most interesting parts ofthe city 0 visi? Whee Subject / Object questions 6 Complete the questions with che word inthe box comosipeope ive cothepeopi speak fv ere ‘mato up th govermert 1 How many people 2 Inwhich tes 3) What languages ‘+ Which ple pares? 44 Some English words ar appearing / appear very diffealt te pronounce. His English ie mmnding / sounds porfoct. 6 Lanenmer forging / neuer forge new words or phrases ‘3. Complee che sentences with the present simple or present ‘continuous form ofthe verb in brackets. Use the present ‘continuous when possible 1 L_____(enderstnd) you very wel. 2 We (rug) basiness a a college in rela, 3 He Coke) fying lessons every Wednesday evening, 4 Where you er 5 Imsomyl (Gat remember) your name. 6 We (Gee)in Morocco at she moment 7 She (Gear) Spanish for her new job, 8 We (worment oleae yer, 5 Complete the questions to Isanbal? ‘We probably go once or twice a year. 2 there for the first sme? Tebink we went there shoat eight years ago. Iseanbul for boliday? ‘Well we didn'really choose it We went toa wedding 4 sbout Ieanbul ‘Well we like everything about it~ che people, the exlrre. 7 Use these words to make questions 1 Who / write Pramkeaein? 2 Woat ime / Americans / usualy / eat lunch? 3. How many / famous authors / come from / Dublin? 44 What/ Brailians / celebrate / on 7 September? 5 Which 20 century world leader / spend /27 years in prison? 66 How often / India / have /a national election? Grammarfocus unit!Unit 2 Past simple and past continuous ‘Use the past simple to talk bout complete ectons in the pot. He met is wifes 1988, ‘Use the past continuous for acions in progres in the pastor temporary situations in the past. He war working a: arenawars ‘The past continuous can be used a5 a background or context to another event in the past simple [He was working a. rexzurant hes be met bie wife ‘We aso often use the past continuous for activites that are interrupted by a completed econ. It is used in contrast with the pest simple ‘Hewat watching TV when the phone rang. We often use hen before the past simple and wie before the past Trae reading a Busk whem Ie ae fel ae bile Tar reading bok ‘To form negatives and questions in the past simple use the susliary verb id. didn’s ntice him. Did sbe knw be would be an iporans par of ber Past perfect and past simple = — = Tray ak ead | Wie Sb Tata dtc wer Canela ae edhe pa pedegalriom mar de pene rerermioes few Pemecieincaseentersatenes bdepen eee are [He twent tothe cinema when be bad finished bs Bororaerk. ‘Use modifiers like vey and guite ro make adjecives and adverbs stronger or weaker. The modifier goes before the adjecve or aver The wuedcater was terribly sod ‘The children were quit ied. Used to and would pet ae reat Modifiers Weaker Stronger abit fuily alive quite rather | exremely really tersibly very The modifier gute fry and rely are more commen in spokes language. ‘Modifiers can be used zo soften a statement, malking i les direc. Hes boring. —> He not very interesting, Affirmative I Negative Question (Tose eye [Pai wey Diyrenpgemit | Teel play tennis. [ Fee’ pla tei a Uafemdenitend evel ubwhtialacins Whiley conse qason bw Tred to vein the coumerside. I would go for lng alts QB vvt2 crammarocus Used ti also used ro tale about habirul states in the past. We dont use would w talk about states Erweltbavedog-baie [used 1 bave long baitUnit 2 Exercises Past simple and past continuous 1 Complete the ext withthe correct form ofthe verbs in brackets 1(1) ____ (have) the bese and worst experiences of my life while [@) (in Indie. 16) (ree) round the county, when 1) (Gem about «project for ereet children in Jaipur 1 (5) jin) she team, of volunters and every dey I (6) (prepare) food for homeless children who (7) (lve) on she sees, While T(@) (word) there, I also (9) (bp) an Indian colleague to wach English. Past perfect and past simple 13. Complete the sentences withthe correct form ofthe verbs in brackets, Use the ast simple for one verb andthe pas perfect for the other 1 She (move ou) of the hoase because she (argu) wih her parents 2 When the om (fis) his erates the family Modifiers A Add the modiers very or gute to five places in che tex. Sometimes either macifer can be used. You may need ro make the sentence negasive ‘When Josh was young, around six years ol, his father read him books a bedkime. They were usually simple stories about animals or spacemnen, However, one day Josh's father brought home 2 book of old fairy tales, While Josh listened to these stories, he sometimes gor Sightened and hid under the blankets. However, Ihe preferred the fairytales to the otuer stories, which he found boring. Used to and would © Cross cut the forms that are not pesible.Somesimes both forms are possible. 1 When Iwasa child, we ued send go tothe sare place on | bolidey ‘We ted to / won go camping on 2 Swedish island. ‘There didn' sete / woulda be any elect ‘We ed to / weal cook meals over & campfire 1 wed 0 / woul lve 2 Combine the sentences Use the past simple and past continous. She walked ta work fom 9.00-9 30am. She saw an acsidencat 9.15am. ‘Ske mas walking to work when she srw an cides. 1 He Lived in Russia from 1992 to 2004. He met his wife in 1999. Hee was living in Rusia when be mot Ps wif 2 [worked all morning, The fie alarm went off atten o'clock, 43. She listened tothe cescher forthe whole cass. Her phone rang inthe middle of clas. 44 Thad a meal ina restaurant. Someone took my bag. 5) The boy paved on the roof He fell down and broke his leg. 3 The wo brothers beczue they 4 Thechi o) talking o exch other (fallow) over some money. (cist) heir grandmother whea she (res from hospital. 5 She (rai) to answer his calls beceuse he (li) coher 5 Rewrite each sentence to make i les direct. Use very and an adjective in the bor, oan clever Hendy nice pretty warm 11 cd im bere, Tein’ very tsar in bere 1 This place is ugly. 2 Her son is unfriendly 3 Those curtains ae a horble colour 5 ‘Thar restaurants relly dey, Hes sup. 7 Rewite the text in the pat tense, using vould and nod Many people believe that there isa city somewhere in England called Camelot. They thik that forests and plain surround t and thatthe famous King Arthur lives there, In she castle of Camelot there isthe famous Round Table. The ling holds meetings with hs knights around tis wble, Outside the caste there i large geen field where she King and his knighss parcicpate in fairs and juss Many people edt blice