OM ecconen. the Stress remains canstant and eee i. By’ 1 Raa . This range ofthe Curve Shox ine Guctility property oF Steel wherein this she BE _fovistimt least ten times as the elastic Strainat lysild paint the use of this curve reserve Strength IO moterial is utilized inthe ‘plastic analysis ard Vem beaten. kh enyppenaghianey Oop foimts ujSucloWer Upper band: sand unl que: Therem.. Panicle. oun‘\Sactually Nota Structural F OF Yielding Newrtne Section enich {S. elsed as Shown in. Fig. However For the the Plostic binge | Ss .assumedot-the Seoten ininge @hicn due to efect-pF stresses “constant moments rmomemts ion either side oF ; 4) eer Od 7 Tt stoteS that collapsed (aad canbe asserx Phe baS!S | oF an iarbitary assumed, bending Moment om ofiahrarbitarily assumed bending Moment diagram Inleh SatisFies the conditions OF equilibrium and yleld Qhdthe Corresponding (odd must beless than or equol Othe true Collapse load. } . me states thatthe collapse load ‘computed on BASIS OF an Orbitary AaSSUMed imechanist-Forag| ven re | MUSE bei either greader than to equalto the Sta Fe Must be either greater than or equal, to tne tra IOPSe load... As the mechanisms 1S QS8umad the Sms: Conditions is satisfied. Therefore, The& =a the) .2ixd OT oC Ua he shape Foctor is given by ke Seep Zlok RD e [evel ra find ze and Ze ‘elastic and plastic — fem@eratioxic! 1s required. ~~ ___# [een elastic “neutral axis (e-the -norizental— laxieepass ing through +he_cemtroid o €cress Seater log Shawn in Fig . Plastic Neutrals i S equayaxis abe lrolebs same os the horizantel ONS Passing — Frpreugh the centroid“ oF cls As showin Aig. [elastic section modulus (Ze) caesar o0)). © io 64 TOREDECATIONAL U9On Modulus zp). > catcUlate The plastic: s: Neamt sUork iim tthe tabular Form given bek OiStance oF e.g OF | | AceYe PAG From Plastic Neutral axjs CFC) _ ud om Distance ofc ga oF At From plastic | Neutral oxis (YT) | os evar At Meriepo Do. DF 12, 12 6 ° i p36 2 2 - ge6 27 CTf32 IDFee Simple: Structure plastic Ga anism required 0 have ___|B- Asimply supported beam hast orm Oo hinge athe plastic Point. i ee oa. Nee The Collapse (oad ofa given Structure \SArnes Mee Ssed by the assumed bending mament diagram jie stoic. Thera “Therefor® The methed 1$-alse- (cal tethod or dower bound meth lod giving lower Values oF toad than the Ccbllop Ise load. The general Proced Ute of the method — Iiayowes the Folloming = ________———" lp-the redudant nnoments are. selected and bending moment diagram 1S construdted by the soperpasit! Jonsafthe Pree. peoment: cliagrann Ofte tne redunt nt _cooment Plagram The value of +thencollapse lea Tapen calcelosted: Aram, Static by equading Main Va ite: OF: popding moment to plastic moments le; tnisitlethod is. suitable. For_staticallyi@ermin. slate beams where the bending _Mmonpem cliagtom [can be easily drawn: For indeterminate Structure l4he Kinematic method iS more Suitdble: e plastt FOR EDUCATIONAL OSE mai” xu) 4“pegrea: Ob =nieterminan No of Possible ernie Hi Ss 2 CO Avands). ath rep=Ne a, Bi stacia nia WoaL_O= Mpo