Assignment No.

1
Student ID: BC180202805

Question: How do you see the development of Two Nation Theory? Justify your answer

with any five relevant points.

Answer:

Muslims of South Asia believe that Islam and Hinduism are not only two religions, but
also two social orders that have given birth to two distinct cultures with no similarities.
Despite living together for more than a thousand years, they continued to develop diverse
cultures and traditions. Their eating habits, music, architecture and script, are all poles
apart. Even the language they speak and the dresses they wear are entirely different.
 Sir Syed Ahmed Khan is considered as pioneer of Two Nation Theory. Initially he
was advocate of Hindu Muslim unity however Hindi Urdu Controversy In 1867,
Hindus demanded that Urdu should be written in Hindi Script instead of Persian
Script. This created another gap between Hindus and Muslims and forced Sir
Syed Ahmad Khan to say “Hindi-Urdu conflict is the starting of the space of
separation between Hindus and Muslims which will gradually increase and a day
will come when both the nations will separate from other after division”
 The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885. It claimed to represent all
communities of India but oppressed all Muslim ideas and supported the Hindus
which strengthen Muslim’s belief in two nation theory.
 Partition of Bengal In 1905 ensured a number of political benefits for the
Muslims, but the Hindus launched an agitation against the partition and partition
was annulled in 1911.

 On 29 December1930 Allama Muhammad Iqbal while presiding Muslim League

meeting said “Hindus and Muslims are two separate nations. They have no
common value. Muslims have kept their separate status in India for the last one
thousand years. There is a prominent difference between the independence
ideologies of two nations. So the only solution of the differences and problems of
both the nation is the creation of new Islamic state by joining of the north western
Muslims majority areas, Punjab, N.W.F.P, Sindh and Baluchistan.”Allama
Muhammad Iqbal
 Quid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinah , founder of Pakistan , in his address of 22nd
March 1940 at the 27th annual meeting of Muslim League said:
“It is extremely difficult to appreciate why our Hindu friends fail to understand
the real nature of Islam and Hinduism. They are not religious in the strict sense of
the word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders; and it is only a
dream that the Hindus and Muslims can ever evolve a common nationality. This
 misconception of one Indian Nation has troubles and will lead India to destruction
if we fail to revise our notions in time. The Hindus and Muslims belong to two
different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. They neither
intermarry nor inter-dine together and, indeed, they belong to two different
civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their
aspect on life are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslim derive their
inspiration from different sources of history. They have different epics, different
heroes, and different episodes. Very often the hero of one is a foe of the other and,
likewise, their victories and defeats overlap. To yoke together two such nations
under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must
lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built
for the government of such a state.”

At last on March 23,1940 in annual meeting of Muslim League in Lahore Molvi

Fazal Ul Haq presented the resolution for the separate homeland.

 This theory at last became fruitful in 1947.

Question: What do you know about the Allama Iqbal’s vision of a separate Muslim

state? Enlist any five relevant points.