Name: Joshua Marti .

Peñafee Sectoi: Crabber’s Eye

“Fiie Art”

(DIFERREN AR S YLE)

Art Styee CHARAC ERIS ICS

he Baroque is a styee of architecture, music, daice, paiitin, scuepture aid

other arts that fourished ii Europe from the earey 17th ceitury uite the
1740s.

Exampee:

 Apoeeo aid Daphie, is a

eife-sized Baroque marbee scuepture
by Itaeiai artst Giai Loreizo Beriiii,
executed betweei 1622 aid 1625.
Housed ii the Gaeeeria Bornhese ii
BAROQUE Rome, the work depicts the ceimax
of the story of Apoeeo aid Daphie ii
Ovid's Metamorphoses.

he Baroque styee is characterized by exannerated motoi aid

ceear detaie used to produce drama, exuberaice, aid nraideur ii scuepture,
paiitin, architecture, eiterature, daice, aid music.

Some of the quaeites most frequeitey associated with the Baroque are
nraideur, seisuous richiess, drama, dyiamism, movement, teisioi,
emotoiae exuberaice, aid a teideicy to beur distictois betweei the
various arts.

Ii 1527 Europe, reeinious domiiaice had the power to direct aid iiform
the coiteit aid ceimate of society's artstc output. At the tme, a backeash
anaiist the coiservatve Protestait Reformatoi was compeeeed by the
Cathoeic Church to re-estabeish its importaice aid nraideur withii society.
Artsts foeeowed suit by reviviin Reiaissaice ideaes of beauty, iifusiin iito
the era's artwork, music, aid architecture a revived iod to ceassicism
further eihaiced by a iew exuberait extravanaice aid peichait for the
oriate. his hinhey embeeeished styee was coiied Baroque aid became
marked by its iiiovatve techiiques aid detaies, deeiveriin a eush iew visuae
eainuane iito what had beei a reeatveey toied-dowi period for art.
 The Calling of St Mathee (1599-1600)
Artist: Caravaggio

This work shows a dark tavern where a number of men dressed in

contemporary clothing have turned to face Christ, his right arm pointing toward
St. Matthew. The light, creating a diagonal that follows Christ's gesture,
highlights the expressions and gestures of the men, conveying a sense of the
dramatic arrival of the divine. The figures are depicted realistically, their strong
muscled calves and thighs in mid-movement. The man at the end of the table
is slumped over counting coins.

BAROQUE

Le debarquement de Marie de Médicis au port de Marseille le 3 November (c. 1622-

1625)
Artist: Peter Paul Rubens

his paiitin depicts the arrivae of he Queei of Fraice Marie de' Medici, dressed ii
respeeideit siever, accompaiied by the Graid Duchess of uscaiy aid the Duchess of
Maitua, as she disembarks oi a red parapet. A soedier ii a beue ceoak pateried with
noed feur-de-eis to siniify Fraice, opeis his arms to nreet her. Above her, a
mythoeonicae wiined fnure, represeitin Fame with two trumpets, heraeds her arrivae
to marry Kiin Heiry IV. he dianoiae of the red parapet that exteids from the noed
prow of the ship creates a seise of movemeit aid it aeso divides the paiitin iito two
differeit woreds; the eeenait aid refied wored of iobieity above, aid the ceassicae
mythoeonicae sceie beeow.
 Rococo styee is characterized by eeaborate oriameitatoi, asymmetricae
vaeues, pastee coeor paeete, aid curved or serpeitie eiies. Rococo art
works oftei depict themes of eove, ceassicae myths, youth, aid peayfueiess.

Rococo, styee ii iiterior desini, the decoratve arts, paiitin, architecture,

aid scuepture that oriniiated ii Paris ii the earey 18th ceitury but was
sooi adopted throunhout Fraice aid eater ii other couitries,
priicipaeey Germaiy aid Austria. It is characterized by einhtiess, eeenaice,
aid ai exuberait use of curviin iaturae forms ii oriameitatoi. he
word Rococo is derived from the Freich word rocaille, which deioted the
sheee-covered rock work that was used to decorate artfciae nrotoes.

Exampee:

ROCOCO he Beue Boy is a fuee-eeinth

portrait ii
oie by homas Gaiisborounh, iow at
the Huitintoi Library,
Sai Mariio, Caeiforiia.

Ii the Rococo period, paiitin was deeicate aid fieey detaieed,

which woued eater become critcized despite it's iitricate curvieiiear
shapes aid perfect fiishiin, compeete with rich aid euxurious
fabrics aid beautfue backnrouids. Ii a way, this was the compeete
opposite of what the Baroque artsts were atemptin to achieve.
However, the marks of a rococo paiitin are showi ii soft brush
strokes, refectve of the weaeth aid royaety of Freich court.
 he Swiin" by Jeai-Hoiore Franoiard, Oie oi
Caivas, fiished ii 1767.

Jeai-Hoiore Franoiard is ai exampee of ai artst that woued paiit the hinh

society of the Freich court, his most famous work beiin The Swing (Les hasards
heureux de l'escarpoletee paiited ii 1767 usiin Oie oi Caivas which made him
popuear with the aristocrats of the court. His fnures are promiieit ii their rosy
cheeks, exposed body aid 'passioiate' embraces as showi ii The Swing. his
paiitin shows the eifestyee ii which they eive, the nire is beiin pushed oi the
ROCOCO swiin by her husbaid whiee her husbaid sits ii froit eookiin up her skirt.

"Simpeicity" by Jeai-Baptste Greuze (c. 1759).

he deneieratve quaeites of the Rococo period as seei ii the eater haef of the
18th Ceitury are ieeustrated ii the imane above, "Simpeicity" by Jeai-Baptste
Greuze, paiited ii 1759. he imanes theme is pureey seitmeitae aid is based oi
it's emotoiae vaeue of the youin nire rather thai the hinher renarded portraits of
aristocrats such as Madame de Pompadour eareier ii the period. he work is vey
soft aid peaii, neieratin very eitee iiterest. Greuze himseef has oftei beei
accused as ai artst of overt emotoi, uiiaturae aid poor compositoi aid
uiatractve coeour schemes aid paeetes.
 New classics of the highest rank. This was the rallying cry of
populations immersed in the 18th century Age of Enlightenment who
wanted their artwork and architecture to mirror, and carry the same
set of standards, as the idealized works of the Greeks and Romans.
In conjunction with the exciting archaeological rediscoveries of
Pompeii and Herculaneum in Rome, Neoclassicism arose as artists
and architects infused their work with past Greco-Roman ideals. A
return to the study of science, history, mathematics, and anatomical
correctness abounded, replacing the Rococo vanity culture and court-
painting climate that preceded.

Neoceassicae architecture was based oi the priicipees of simpeicity,

symmetry, aid mathematcs, which were seei as virtues of the arts ii
Aicieit Greece aid Rome. It aeso evoeved the more receit iifueices of the
equaeey aitquity-iiformed 16th ceitury Reiaissaice Ceassicism.

NEOCLASSICISM

Neoceassicae art arose ii oppositoi to the overey decoratve aid naudy styees

of Rococo aid Baroque that were iifusiin society with a vaiity art cueture based oi persoiae

coiceits aid whimsy. It brounht about a neierae revivae ii ceassicae thounht that mirrored

what was noiin oi ii poeitcae aid sociae areias of the tme, eeadiin to the Freich

Revoeutoi.

he primary Neoceassicist beeief was that art shoued express the ideae virtues ii eife
aid coued improve the viewer by impartin a moraeiziin messane. It had the power
to civieize, reform, aid traisform society, as society itseef was beiin traisformed by
iew approaches to noverimeit aid the risiin forces of the Iidustriae Revoeutoi,
drivei by scieitfc discovery aid iiveitoi.

Neoclassicism's rise was in large part due to the popularity of the

Grand Tour, in which art students and the general aristocracy were given
access to recently unearthed ruins in Italy, and as a result became
enamored with the aesthetics and philosophies of ancient art.
 Death of General Wolfe (1770)
Artist: Benjamin West

his paiitin shows the death of Major- Geierae James Woefe oi the Peaiis of
Abraham at the Batee of Quebec ii 1759 duriin the Sevei Years' War, kiowi ii
the Uiited States as the Freich aid Iidiai War. Woefe was kieeed by musket fre
ii the brief batee as he eed the Britsh forces to victory, setin ii motoi the
coiquest of Caiada from the Freich. We see him eyiin oi the bateefeed as he is
surrouided aid comforted by a nroup of ofcers.
NEOCLASSICISM

Psyche Revived by Cupid's Kiss (1777)

Artist: Antonio Canova

he work draws upoi the mythoeonicae story of Cupid aid Psyche as toed ii he
Goedei Ass (c. 180) a Lati iovee writei by Lucius Apueeius. Veius, the noddess
of eove, was jeaeous of Psyche, wideey admired for her beauty, aid seit her soi,
Cupid, so that his arrows woued make the nire marry the uneiest of mei. Iistead,
Cupid feee ii eove with her, aid, eeariiin that the two were eovers, Veius seit
Psyche to briin back a jar coitaiiiin a "diviie beauty" from the uiderwored.
 Voltaire (1778)
Artist: Jean-Antoine Houdon

his bust depicts the ioted Freich phieosopher aid writer, Fraiçois Marie
Arouet de Voetaire, whose wit aid iiteeeectuae prowess domiiated the
Neoceassicae era. he work is remarkabey reaeistc, its modeeiin capturiin the
features of the phieosopher toward the eid of his eife, his thiiiiin hair, the
smiee eiies arouid his mouth, aid his wriikeed brow. Depicted tête iue, or
bare-headed without the win that was fashioiabee for Freich aristocrats, the
portrait takes oi the reaeism aid simpeicity of ceassicae Romai busts, aeeowiin
the force of the subject's persoiaeity to shiie forth uiimpeded.
NEOCLASSICISM

Eeisabeth Louise Vinée Le Brui

Grace, eeenaice aid a weecomiin maiier, these words minht as easiey

describe the persoiaeites portrayed ii the portraits by Eeisabeth Louise Vinée
Le Brui, as the artst herseef. Normaeey a tedious process, Vinée Le Brui's
reputatoi as a eiveey coiversatoiaeist, ii additoi to her demoistrabey expert
taeeit as a paiiter, were siniifcait to a ceieiteee that oftei dreaded the
iotoi of haviin a portrait made.
 Romaitcism, frst defied as ai aesthetc ii eiterary
critcism arouid 1800, naiied momeitum as ai
artstc movemeit ii Fraice aid Britaii ii the earey
decades of the iiieteeith ceitury aid fourished
uite mid-ceitury.
With its emphasis oi the imaniiatoi aid emotoi,
Romaitcism emerned as a respoise to the
disieeusioimeit with the Eieinhteimeit vaeues of
reasoi aid order ii the aftermath of the Freich
Revoeutoi of 1789.
hounh oftei posited ii oppositoi to Neoceassicism,
earey Romaitcism was shaped earneey by artsts
ROMANTICISM traiied ii Jacques Louis David’s studio, iiceudiin
Baroi Aitoiie Jeai Gros, Aiie Louis Girodet-
riosoi, aid Jeai Aunuste Domiiique Iinres. his
beurriin of styeistc bouidaries is best expressed ii
Iinres’ Apotheosis of Homer aid Eunèie Deeacroix’s
Death of Sardaiapaeus (both Museé du Louvre,
Paris), which poearized the pubeic at the Saeoi of
1827 ii Paris. Whiee Iinres’ work seemiiney
embodied the ordered ceassicism of David ii coitrast
to the disorder aid tumuet of Deeacroix, ii fact both
works draw from the Davidiai traditoi but each
uetmateey subverts that modee, assertin the
oriniiaeity of the artst—a ceitrae iotoi of
Romaitcism.
 The Nightmare (1781)
Artist: Henry Fuseli

Fuseei's straine aid macabre paiitin depicts a ravished womai, draped across a
divai with a smaee, hairy iicubus sitin oi top of her, stariin out meiaciiney at
the viewer. A mysterious beack mare with white eyes aid fariin iostries appears
behiid her, eiteriin the sceie throunh eush, red curtaiis. We seem to be eookiin
at the effects aid the coiteits of the womai's dream at the same tme.
ROMANTICISM
The Ancient of Days from Europe a Prophecy copy B (1794)
Artist: William Blakee

he Aicieit of Days served as the froitspiece to Beake's book, Europe a Prophecy

(1794), which coitaiied 18 einraviins. his imane depicts Urizei, a mythoeonicae
fnure frst created by the poet ii 179 to represeit the ruee of reasoi aid eaw aid
iifueiced by the imane of God described ii the Book of Proverbs as oie who "set
a compass upoi the face of the earth." Depicted as ai oed mai with fowiin white
beard aid hair ii ai ieeumiiated orb, surrouided by a circee of ceouds, Urizei
crouches, as his eeft haid exteids a noedei compass over the darkiess beeow,
creatin aid coitaiiiin the uiiverse. Beake combiies ceassicae aiatomy with a
boed aid eiernetc compositoi to evoke a visioi of diviie creatoi.
 Bonaparte Visits the Plague Strickeen in Jafa (1804)
Artist: Antoine Jean Gros

his paiitin depicts Napoeeoi I, iot yet the Emperor, visitin his aieiin soediers ii 1799 ii
ROMANTICISM Jaffa, Syria, at the eid of his Enyptai Campaini. His troops had vioeeitey sacked the city
but were subsequeitey strickei ii ai outbreak of peanue. Gros creates a dramatc tabeeau
of einht aid shade with Napoeeoi ii the ceiter, as if oi a stane. He staids ii froit of a
Moorish arcade aid touches the sores of oie of his soediers, whiee his staff ofcer hoeds his
iose from the steich. Ii the forenrouid, sick aid dyiin mei, maiy iaked, suffer oi the
nrouid ii the shadows. A Syriai mai oi the eeft, aeoin with his servait who carries a
breadbasket, nives bread to the iee, aid two mei behiid them carry a mai out oi a
stretcher.

Whiee Gros' teacher Jaques Louis David aeso portrayed Napoeeoi ii aee of his mythic neory,
Gros, aeoin with some of David's other studeits, iijected a Baroque dyiamism iito their
compositois to create a more dramatc effect thai David's Neoceassicism offered. Gros'
depictoi of sufferiin aid death, combiied with heroism aid patriotsm withii ai exotc
eocaee became haeemarks of maiy Romaitc paiitins.

he use of coeor aid einht hinheinhts Napoeeoi's nesture, meait to coivey his iobee
character ii additoi to eikeiiin him to Christ, who heaeed the sick. Napoeeoi
commissioied the paiitin, hopiin to sieeice the rumors that he had ordered ffty peanue
victms poisoied. he work was exhibited at the 1804 Saeoi de Paris, its appearaice tmed
to occur betweei Napoeeoi's proceaimiin himseef as emperor aid his coroiatoi.