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Wite this nthe box elon, ‘COURSE'D: | For Help & Support, visit htpsi/Support PearsonELT.com FOURTH EDITION READY TO WRITE FROM PARAGRAPH TO ESSAY KAREN BLANCHARD « CHRISTINE ROOTReady o Wee 3: Frm Paragraph to Bey our Edion Copy © 2017 Reon Edin, it tne. ‘ra ‘tn he ited Ses tn “To the memory of Michael Blanchard: For is ove of good writing and his enduring spitContents PART 1 CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 4 PART 2 CHAPTER 5 CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7 CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 PART 3 (CHAPTER 10 CHAPTER 11 CHAPTER 12, Scope and Sequence Introduction . ‘THE ELEMENTS OF GOOD WRITING Getting Ready to Write. Writing Paragraphs. Revising and Editing. ‘Writing Essays. ‘TYPES OF ESSAYS. Process Essays Division and Classification Essays Cause and Effect Essays Comparison and Contrast Essays .. Problem-Solution Essays .. WRITING FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES . ‘Writing Summaries. Expressing Your Opinions . Writing Undergraduate and Graduate ‘School Application Essays Appendix Answer Key ‘Text Credits Photo CreditsScope and Sequence rhamginabgas Pas ofan say "nodes “Ths stents Lang resi cet + Use tang ipa fra Surmay a condson + Oppnang ess “redone Thee Serene Spring Praga ‘aon he pss oben eg he prgaph ey ‘eats pretence. nga abigayea sna Heep = ngs rbot ngs rabbi 1 ena rorn (Gbps, Pupoe Audience) | money for dre ude: germina | pesiit +a Sten eralan oir sata READYTO | Nong gale =o pga ts ‘were “fecning srg he Sete ons owt Leong ten: | 22 erg ae ronan er + Pomona ening Pomona fareticg | rate cing ‘Gee ses oe i wcgpeasen) | Ir) os ont pang but eter ess font * Understnngthe Pos of2 | Pagar Fo * ing os upper and 2 od ape eins ‘crags WARETING || -Yrira eocsenenees | “Linge and | tng apa ao or PARAGRAPHS | tniesoniogpoeguss |” unis any trent se vl OFT, Aemingcucone| "anon thet | Cntr ss conan ene) Peaparhiming | cHemtirgdcoct sciences | “ponpeyee *iing epee iced papas | -Usrceecnenseue | “oer {eel on oer we eee Stinporance eee ings agp desing eee fbn = arg poop tt png Siecle wp ame cy 3 ~ Gigante |p = Ure thing cso wt Sigeenatciahereand | 5 Steeda Revising | “wicrommenmm | 8 EDITING | sn pers Leaning stone: | Sac apres fying | “mursn nce tewarg acs | Arcunin and cxissin feetc mtn | “aan resus | nang ornon: iAengasises | Cours on inacs + Fons Suc {Spang es Re ie wig medrese ater sn ter ooh Star ee + lag oor PART 2: TYPES OF PROCESS ESSAYS Learing Outcome: say hig ee ‘ge re somone ieeaer Tine der * nadence Wang ee psa opted he pecess ang eveng ad edie "now say be swahegac rg ie a ab, rede eg be paagogh or Say + Sahin fran a “ame ar ca: your ts yor pers king er rine ina 4 pang DIVISION AND. CLASSIFICATION ESSAYS Learing Outcome: Essay rg te the tng poss to ‘te Gaon so ~ ion nd an ‘sya + iii enc guns "The Langage of Casa: ‘sel ence Pate or ‘ee Sire. ~Giorg eas "hese Site fr son sre Casson ess ‘VE Scope and Seance ‘nes on eaion Ui ening peso ‘wise ypc mikes people ‘ke when ering cae large pase ste ates apeset arias “hf habe “Hin tenes os, tomer) past dives stopp te “ihe trv, moves Soop a Sequence vilUg wing press ie ree ey sar apc sch a he Spice ramet + Dg wing res te ‘uel ey sate cases frat dees = Ling rian cole wit about ‘pe caues ets fan pant sora eer ‘PART 3: WRITING FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES: “The argue af compan tn Crt el ras Sete ater “The pot pit med ‘wore progapsin ‘npn eas 5 the Hod maid oie gate cane “tings corpse poageph about esate fo wine “ting pty pr compen ‘nat ny aout wo aes 2 over bck Us he tg pies wean ‘ay eovomg an ong "oe ra oat eet four mis samaipet oyu ease sch 2 Shing dao goverment, ‘son regan fsb He wth be ‘Seve onprt lander ae ‘apne os paige same people Yu have wrod wh ich (cna a yo sens agp bn heh 10 ‘warring SUMMARIES teaming Object: Prag Worg hte serpengar sma wonane “Too ep or ving fen dat my (eh Styour own au), + er gama spl, ncuron + Lig he wg proces tomes nepeararh mma ofa apie arie ine Fons ‘igi tng pos owe prot eye scatcime, ig es oles fran eet. oie ounn| sing» pervs wees 2 revenge dan eng hs “ings prep about an evry olen by dng asa nine hing pagal about an every elem by dng sn nine Using he wg proces awa oem / slon bot ey Sat eroding nyse ‘the grater op “amauta fend "Sloesaon| ‘acs th woe the dele Saugbe, ~ geting dig odie . ras a dic pions ‘wit spon pags aut tho fms pags wo perm Using te wt poss 1 ‘wt pron expe abe ‘ontoree ues wna re pagaph ey {Dore your apron en 2 Srp ean queston “Fay tention tothe pipes of ‘ed wig 1 Ts er eg ppc eas, * Get Second pions ang fe wing proces ‘ewe an undepadne $fplesn sade sal seme Soop a Suen beIntroduction Ready to Wine 5 a wt ils et designed forsterite and high ntrmedint students ‘ho are ready io wrte mere han paagrapevel pieces. t builds onthe fundamentals that students Teamed in Ready to Wie 1 and Ready ote 2 ging stents the confidence they need 10 wte longer pieces, ‘The Ready to White saves came about because of ou tefld coewicion that «Students lear to wt wel nd achieve a mare complete English poanc by leaming and practong wating ks imulaneouly wih lhe Eli angoge Sls they ae lain, + students ar interested in and capable of witing express in English on a varity of provocative and sopisiated topics if they are supped wih the orgarizatonl tools to doo; « students need ta be exp taht tha lifer rquages organize information ferent, aod they need tobe shown how to eganae infomation erect in English ‘Approach ay to Wite 5s based onthe premise ha because languages orgie information diferent, students need to Be shown how to ganze inferiation English fhe ae to mite eflcne essays, Suen alea nied to undestand that good wing is nt necessarily a ntl git tinohes complex ‘sil that can be leamed and mastered The to eters competency in alo theses by leading students step bystep through the wring process ‘he actos in Rody to ite help students become competent independent wits by engaging themin the process of writing and by encouraging them io pore and oganze the leas in wring Stents ae called upon fo wit alten and on 2 Baad ange of meaningful hough powoking 1s, The tacks are presentedin a dea, staghifowatd manner for ease of stun, Incorporated into the tastes 2 vary of follow-up personal: and peer-eisin acts. Athough Ready to Vite 3 fa ‘ting book, students pracce threading speaking stering, and analytical ks ws they progress hough the tet ‘The Fourth Eaition ‘le much hasbeen updated an expanded in this Four Eton of Ready fo ite 3, what has at ‘hanged isthe success basic approach tht has made te series so popelar all hese yess Tivo popular estes fem previous eers—u Be the Edtor and On Your Onn appear tnoughout ‘Ready to ite 5. You Be the Ector provides efecive practice i error conection and prooteatng 0 hep students mont teir a eos, especialy those covered in Chaper 8, Rving and Editing, AN answer ky for these eles appears the ed of Ue book. On Your Onn provides students vith futher indvidual prac the sil they have eyed “This fouth edition of Ready fo ie 3 ncodes these important new and expanded estes: + laming outcomes atthe begining of each chapter focus students onthe chap’ os + an engaging fourcolor design x hid + sop by tp aie that uide students fom personal academic iting + expanded ated grammar pace inthe contet of iting + updated examples as well as model paragraphs and essay, that Ustate oraning elements suchas opie sentences supporing deta and signal weds (or paragraph), and thesis statement, itodction, body, and conchson (lo es) + nstrucion and practice that helps students progres om wing paagaphs to composing essays that equee fading 2 focus, compatng and contrasing, desing analng deta wing fst ansness, and summarising + coverage of al ofthe steps in the wring process: prewtng wing, ane revising and eting + Wing Tips wth stepped-ou guidelines for wting + peer eision worksheets + web based atts with more wing actos + Essent! One Resouces wih answer keys, as wll 25 adetonal grammar and wring aces. Chapter Features Learning Outcomes: Each chapter begins wth objectives so students can se the intended gals of caper and wha the learing experience wil be, The learing oucomes are bret witten statements that hep students se the inode, shill, arc habs of work that they are expected to acquice by the end ofthe chapter. Thre are te learing outcomes: ae fox paragraph ting aed one for He stile weg, ‘Grammar for iting: Each chapter focuses on one oc two spec grammar pons along wth help chars, lear planation and attendant pace. By pacing new grammar pois inthe cate of ‘thai wing stents boos her wing accuracy and leant vat the sentence pes. ‘The Stops ofthe Witing Process: Each chapter provides ied nstucton inthe steps that ae integral to good wing ie, prewitng, wring and revs, Revising checks are prvided or students 10 us to improve the pega aed wrt the Fal re. itr’ Tips This feature provides heptlinformaton on howto wite and refine paragraphs. These tips indude choosing 3 topic and working towrd unity, accuracy and coherence. ‘On Your Own: Coming tonad the end of mast chaps these actives provide students with yot nether oppetuniy torte on tpi other a choosing rom aman several suggested prompts [fer they wite a paragraph, students are instructed to use the revs checklist to improve their paegaphs, hereby practcng independent weting and evsing You Be the Editor: This sel-conectng exercise near the end ofeach chaps intonded to give ‘Students the opportunity to lok fr and crete mest cornman grarenar mistakes made by ‘intermediate and hgh-mtermedate Studer a5 they learn owe in Enlch. Each paragraph has 2 ‘tot numberof mistakes for student look for. Te anes foreach chapter appea in the back ‘ofthe book, Students can use te angers to check their nn work ae become independent and confident wes. We hope that you and your students enjoy woking trough this tet pow that they are ready to vie mor, “KiB and com tedctenTHE ELEMENTS OF GOOD WRITING Not everyone ia natu ited write Fortnatly wing i kl tht you can practice and master. In some ves wing ike deving sear I you have ever driven n another county, ou know tat some of heres of theroad may be diferent usta the rales or driving fer from country 0 County the conventions for wring, may chang rm language to linguage \Weting in English noes more than masteig its woeabulary and grammar Language, nung writen language, areflection ofthe thought pater of naive speaker In order to we wel in Engst iportan tounderstand the wy nate speakers organize the thoughts. That wy rary works to wie someting a your nate language and then anit no Enplsh. Te words maybe fn Engl tut he loge, xpi, nd though pater tle howe of your aie langage ‘To wie fective in English, you ne to conform to the aceptd pate of organization. Pratcing these tera ll pty onthe road to becoming a Bate writer,4 average sere forthe ten questions Overal will you how mich you like to yrite:The to Write Str your sere sto" themore youth owt Theclner your scores 10" these writing your nave language? “compre 1 Getting Ready Oe | LEARNING OUTCOME Parageaph Waiting: Wea paragraph enityingsbjet, purpose, and wience | any stent leaing a new language think hat witing is the most cult ilo ‘maser. Puting your ideas down on paper may see more complsted and stating than exessng them oral nts chapter, yu mille some techniques to make your ‘wing expanence more sucessful DETERMINING YOUR ATTITUDE TOWARD WRITING = ‘Your atiude toward anything that you do in le ges fects your suas in dong iting isnt an exception. Think about your attude toward wring your nate Fenquoge a you complete the flowing exrcses — $$ @ Girteyourresponses to the following statements about writing your own ————— = Janne Use te following scale: tnt wous you ready |[ That's myrarwritea. | om noe har much 1 =Svongy Agee 2=Agiee 9=Neural iting me west Ye come ent] ter than ye Vtnowt Daagree 5 = Svonly Dare Sue, Ea, Whoa |, Wow. ok i vit fort ad uou| | | 1dr know people 2. Leroy keeping a ay, 12945 teers not too || \ stad that. 1. keto wit ters to my arity an ren. 12845 \ «Weng about my ootgs spe mel. 12345 | 4. leny working onrporsforsctonlandworc...... 1 2.8 4 5 «leroy wing personal essay. 12945 | 1. {tke to wit poems stories, or songs. tose ais . " {smal groups share your main Kens from the paragraph you wrote a | leroy using oma 12345 ltd toard writing Then dace thefellowing questions 1h to wrt bos. Ad Sides 1. hat kins of things do you enjoy wating abou? 1 iting 2 creative out fo me, sr 2 84S 2. What kins of iting do you think wil be requited in uiversiycasses? 1. eet good about my wring aby. 2045) 3 What pes of iting does your jab or fare profession ee? ‘Add tne numbers of your answers and put the total inthe box. [——] ‘4. What o you hope 1 gain from his couse? 2 ating Reedy to Wile 9ELEMENTS OF GOOD WRITING: SPA Good witess have to keep several things in mind as they wie Thee ofthe most enprtant things are subject, purpose, and aucence. 7 seat b ‘oui fei xr owe yas — hve de purpne wing eee en ners [WRITER'S TIP: Using the Acronym SPA SPs an acronym tat stands for subject purpose, and auence SPA wil help you remember these things. Keeping these tve things in ind ll op your wing sty focused. ‘Subject (Ask yourself, "What am I going to write about?") Inordr ta wite wel its helpful to chose a subject hat interests you an that you know and Understand. your eaher ais a subject find an angle o focus of hat subject ht you find interesting and vant to explore Itisimporant to choose a subject thats nt too broad You wl usually have to go through a process of nartoning dawn the general subject unl yu find an appropiate topic. Suppose entertainments your general subject. Entertainments too brad, so you need to naroW it dd oa more focused tp You could arow tt a specie knd of entearment, such as moves Mavs te yen one, o you need 10 do some father noning Look et how one ‘Student naroed down the ner subject of entertanement oa spec opi ENTERTAINMENT. —+ Movies + History of movies + Early history + iilent movies Stars of silent movies 4 CHAPTER 1 Finding a Subject ‘Narrow down each ofthe following general subjects unt yu finda specific angle that you ‘would be interested in vrig about: Then write your narrowed copies on the Doar Discuss and ‘compare the various toples with your classmates. TELEVISION | NATURAL DISASTERS TECHNOLOGY Purpose (Ask yourself,“Why am I writing this?”) Whenever you vite something itis important t think about your pupae. The pupase the reason you ae witing. ‘he three most common purposes for wring are *tocrteain; “oinfor; and “to parsuade However these thee purposes are not ays mutually excusve Ii possible fra pce of wring to have several purposes atthe same me For example, an article may be amusing but alea edcstonal 0 persuasive Gating eat to ite 5dentfying Purpose REE ey he sthors main purpsein each of es ples of wrting wolanche An avalanche sary fast moverent of sn ie, mud cr ‘rock donn 2 mountainside Axanches ae natural forms of ‘oso andar afte seasonal they can reach speeds of ‘more than 200 miles per hou They are caused by evens sch as earhquake wemos, human-made disturbances, and excessive intl - DDestcton ftom avalanches results both frm the avalanche wind (the a pushed aed of the ‘mase) and fom the actual impact ofthe avalanche matt Dear Family and Friends, ‘am writing fo fell you about an exiting new adventure that need your help with: As you knot Lert graduated from culinary schol: Ithas always been my dream to open my ohn restaurant. Rowever, opening a restaurants {quite expensive, and really need rome financial assistance. Any amount of money you could offer would help me cover the high costs of opening restaurant: For example, the money til help me pay rent forte restaurant tthich i $6,000 per month. Till alo ute the money to buy restavrant equipment and foriture. In addition, the money vill o foward the ingredients for the delicious meals wll cook, but need some cash to cover the frst fee paychecks for my rervers and kitchen staff Your generesty would be very helpful, and I promi te pay you back a soon a the restaurant starts making money: 1'm sure that Twill have a successful new restaurant: leith your help, Remember if you donate money, you will always eat for fre Thanks, Chef Dan, 6 HAPTER If 30, I suggest you head to Arizona, ‘With ts muchdoved past and modern amenities, you won't be disappointed, Explore ‘Aizonas ich Naive American history by aking a guided tour of the spectacular Monument Valley or visting the Heard Museum in Phoenix. The deserts, rivers, mountains, and canyons of Arizona are spectacular. The Grand Canyon truly one ofthe ‘words most amazing natural wonders, You wont ant o mis the red rack country of Sedona for an experience of ifetime, Take my advice and plan 3 trp to Arizona. hen Iwasa boy of fourteen, my father was so ignorant could har stand to have the old rman around, But when | got t be twenty-ne, Iwas astonished by how much he'd learned in seven year, Mark Twain ome | aie | Oscn GieriaEstotan was one ofthe fst Latin American atts te succossuly Incorporate Latin beats and sound wih American pon music to produce hit ‘songs across the United States. Wh her group, The Mam Sound Machino, Estefan began including Cuban sounds Inher pop-inepred mus eat in tho 1900s. She quickly gained recognition a @powerl atin singer whose urge ‘music won the hears and ears of mary American musi overs, Peneering tists such as Gloria Estefan paved the way forthe Latin uperstare who, {allowed. She nelped tune the American auto Latin music and contin to Play an impartant role inthe Latin pop scene. Gating ty oe 78 CHAPTER 1 GG rox univensiry Since we are planing odo some renovation onthe Fox | Undergraduate Library this summer, the ibrar hours for both summer sessions will be changed, The Fox building wil be ‘completely closed forthe fist summer session, and undergraduate stents wil e abl ows all he flit ofthe Gaylord | Graduate Lirary. The Gaylord Libary willbe open seven days 8 ‘week fom 8 A. 11 a During the second summer session, the first flor ofthe Fox Library will be open from 9. 00m, “Monday through Friday. Al ther floors will remain closed ntl the beginning ofthe fal semester in September. Again, undergraduate students enrolled in summer classe wil have complet accesso the Graylor facies. We apologize for the inconvenience ut lok. orward to bater serving you with our upgrade and expanded ‘undergraduate ibeary net fal YES for Proposition A Puplones Aa 24, 2096 £10 PA ET Mich Biman | kno te said this before, but dont forget to vote YES for Proposition A. This mall tax wil help improve our schools for both students and teachers. The funds we raise vill mainly be used for hing new teachors and taining them. In adtion, ropostion A wil halp our schools upgrade and repace od technologies with ‘modem equipment. Pleaze tel all your ends to vote YES fr Proposition A. Every vote makes a diferencel! eee Renting aa offers many atactive advantages othe er Independence, convenience, dependability and sen, massive lomering ofthe 10. Lhn0w what Pm alking abot here. ive Miami, and every wiser we have hogs infestation of el cr divers who ‘ome down here seeking warm Weather nthe oppo omke sl furs without signaling, coe x les fi, ino omenience sores. My wife and Ihave afectionselynisknaned these rope “Alsmos” because so many of hem seem opt her cas fr Alamo, which evden equi that every dive av ever mor brain besa deposit, Wee tempted to saya he highways sitlogster during tourist season js slope food sd spend the ene wer hadled in ea bedrooms, but We ot sue we'd ese he. Dave Bay ny Tel Gl You Er Ned Ove Bary © Complete the chart Put each type of wring nthe correct box or boxes advertisements Jokes op- opinions eto) loge deters poems lretions memos reports mais newspaper articles stores says novel textbooks restaurant reviews song ies recipes eting Resi o Wite 9Lokthaug oreal newopaper anion sample wing that cian 0 ee east peemengreenaa ae siren 1 == | 1. Which kindof rile (entertaining informational or peruse) was the easiest ond? 2. hich Kind was the mest fic to nd? Why? |. Which kind of wing a you think student are usualy asked odo? ‘Audience (Ask yourself, “Who is going to read this?) What you wt about sje) and your eson fr wing (purpose) are grey tected by hry ae wing frauen). Because yu wil usa be wing for an aude, You will Communicate your 3s mare eiey you Feep tat audlence nmin, Remember tha Sudencrs have pectin but thse epectons ay fom ane audience to acter. ‘As you wok trough this ook your auence wil usualy be your teacher a cassmates Hower ‘xcsonall you wl be asked 0 we ith rather audience mid This wl he you pace ‘hoon he epropiae words and vaning you te. EE @ ene following wo mas and nie the diference intone oo | Guess what? Ill be in Mexico City on the 8th for a business meeting. ll have some free timein the Lats nave der together, OK? By he way, bumped into you od ‘fend aly last weok, Se asked ms how yu wer ing | es ee a heard tromyouina wie, Why or you gv taal? Son yousoon sock 10 CHAPTER L Ae ‘To: meaietemet.net Sy Se From: joint nt Subject Seow Dear Me Ha | it be in Seoul on October th and would ko to meet with you an show you cur ‘ew prodvet ne this is agreeable to you, ean most you at your ofice at 4 Pt. ook forward hearing fom you ack Wont © tnsma rou, mae sist ofthederences betwen the to ema. hich one wes mace {crmal language! Which onetrmore conversational? Writing for Different Audiences Aleter you wrt o yur best nd aig hi oer end you senna ut ferent en alee ken fice The bo ters abby nol ne dre eres an hae © on apiece ofpaper write alter to your bet frend aking to borrow money. © onanother piece ot paper write leer tothe loan alcer ata bank asking to borrow money, @ Compazeyour wo eters and anewethefellowing questions 1. Which te as easier fry oe? Wy? 2. lnc ener did you use a ore oma sie? Determining Subject, Purpose, and Audience © choose one ofthe following general subjects to writen paragraph about. + your hometown + your school + your family Cetin ety to Wee at© Nex decide on a specific focus that interests you-Then determine your purpose and entifyyour audience. subject Foo: | uence: © ow find another focus ofthe same subject that ou want o explore. Choose a diferent purpovforyourringand anther atience. sebjest, pic ees, Sonate HON oc ee ence © Writes second paragraph © Howare your ewo paragraphs alike How are they diferent? 12, HAPTER? ‘THE WRITING PROCESS ‘ery few people pick up a pen ost down a computer and produce a pecect pice of wing on ‘he est Most ters spend a lot of time thinking before they ite 2d then werk tough a series steps wile they are composing The nel products often the result of several cael eins. "takes patience aswel as sito write well You shoul thnk of ing as @ proces inving the ‘along steps ‘The Three-Step Writing Process ‘Step One: Prewrting ‘generating and organising youriseas y “meg aaa ‘Step Three: Revising and Eating Improving what youhave wien, ‘nts chaptes as wel asthe next to, you wlan more about these thre steps, STEP ONE: Prewriting Fer many peopl, the haces art of wings geting stared. Whether you enjoy wring on you wind tease to wit yu do sore preting eerses ott Pres wy 0 WaT up yout bran bore you wit, jst 35 you vam Up your crs engine before you dive enerating Ideas Wits use a vary of prewingtechriques to generate ideas Some ofthe mast popular are brainstorming stein ecm and keeping a journal. euisorecen "Sometimes you get a branstorm, sometimes yourjust ge the clouds Cetin Fe to Wie 13Brainstorming Sintoings 2c ayo pene lef ies on object The purposes come w witha efacrny dears pssble thot wong sutton yl we tem Yours mayneide stock pasos seancs een queso bransom, lon es se 1. Bega wth a broad opie 2. Wie down 2s many esac as you can inten mites 5, Ad more items by newesing the queston: Who? hat? When? Where? Why? and How? 4 Ceoup the eso thet that go together. 5, Cross out items that do not belong ‘ourlst may seem unfocused as you are werkng oni Bu yu wil ater ongaize the ems on your Ist and decide which ones you want indude m your essay and which you want oscar WRITER'S TIP: Brainstorming Remember tat when You Branston, the goa sto wite don as many Hess as you can about the top Work es acy as possible. Do net wary about chosing the ieas you The best You vl do that tes ‘ook thelist of ideas student brainstormed about the top of superstitions. “Topic: Superstition 5 iter is very superstitio wear lucky T-shirt for games _—mysiter is very: ‘Aesth student made he st, she read over and decided ta write an essay hat focused on her Personal superstitions. Then she cossed out items onthe ist that dd not elateto the focus. “Toyic:Surerstition, | —seperstitionnifferentcountries don't step “esl —titin center of room fertests __don't walk under ladders | —finding a penny ___-animalsvpsetitions. | —sHisinebsepersttions wear green when fy | —Fideythe 3th ____________se lucky shoelaces in tennis shoes always wear pearl necklace for tests never arto trip on Friday | always wear pearl necklace for testy _wearluchy T-shirt for games iin ceuter of room for testy ne lucky shoelaces n tennis shoes | teh wateh te right wrist for beste ‘eat e995 for breakfaston game da breaking @ mirror — wedding superstition look for four-leaf clover ‘eat eggs for breakfast on game day Travel superstitions in different countries don't step on eracks never starta rip on Fri it in center of room for Fests dont walk under ladders arias ors =| finding 0 penny animal superstitions _ wear green when] tly | origin of superstitions wear greenwhen I fly 4 a = = Friday the 13th fe lucky shoelaces in-tennis shoes always wear pearl necklace for tests never starta trip on Friday don't stay on 15th leor in a hotel switch watch to right wrist for test 14 GMPIERT Gating iyo Wie 18,Practicing Brainstorming ‘Clustering MEE @ te otlowng space brainstormalist fdas forthe oneal plea ome. ‘hse is va ay of generating ideas you pce to wok wi information visually, string \ might be a god teciqe frou shows he carnecons aang your eas ing cles and Ines. To dst Flow these steps: 1. Wite your topic inthe center of a piece of paper and daw ace acd it 2 Think about your tpic and write any ideas that come to mind in cles around the main cee, ‘3. Connect thse ideas to the canter ce with Ines oe 4 Think about each of your new ideas write more lated ideas in ces around them, and connect ‘hem to ther coesponding ides wth ne 5, Repeat his proess unl you un out of ideas. Ml The following is an example of 3 duster dagam one student made onthe topic of communication. this example, what topic or topics would he probably choase to wite abou? Why? © Now look at your list and choose a focus fora paragraph you could write. Cros out any ems that donot relate that focus Fal, group slat Meas together. _ == Ml 16 CHAPTER 1 Get ty to White 17Practicing Clustering RRR Use he following space to practice chstering forthe topic of muse, Freewrting Iryou have a hard ie finding a focus for abroad subj eeurng might bea helpful technique fr {yo Freewetng is witing as much a you Cn as fast s you can, without wonying about mistakes To ‘recut, fol these steps: 1. ite your general topic atthe top of your page 2. Sot wing and wit as muchas you cana as as you can, fr ten ints. 5. Dont stp foray reason. Dot won if your mind wandets away fom you oigina idea. Dont \wory about mistakes. Just keep wring, You can go back tr and ese et yourideas lw. 4, Ifyou cart tink of anything. wit, “My minds bank, my mis Bank or someting simi, ove aed ot agin unt a new thought comes into you mind 5, Read your rewriting and sof thre are any ideas you can develop into a paagroph 18 CHAPTER @© Read the eewritingsampleon the topic of fshion. Feshion Lleve fashion, I buy lots of fashion magazines and love te look at what the models are wearing. I spend toe much money on clothes, but I can't help i. Ive always loved clothes and fashion. My f fashion designer is Marc Jacobs. 1 think fashion is 2 art: What you wear makes a personel statement: My favorite fashion magazine is "Vogve.” I try to follow the latest trends in fashion. “What Not to Wear” and “Project Runway” are great fashion TV shows. I would lve fo be o fashion designer. !want to go to @ fashion design school in New York City. My first choice is FIT (Fashion Institute of Technology), hope I get accepted. What else can I say about fashion? love trendy clothes. Sometimes I design and make my own clothes. My friends always ask me for fashion advice. Fashion is art. Fashion is creative. What else? Most of my friends are into fashion, too. We trade clothes and go shopping together. I want to be a famous fashion designer. Ilove to go to fashion shows. The clothes T wear reflect my pert © when you treewrte, your mind may jump around anew des comet you Youcan see {hats ths author as welt new and ira ess came ee discal several diferent as could be developed nto pargraph st some othe ete © Compore your list with a classmates Did you include the same tems? Geting dy ote 19