© Pp reernational Baccalaureate? Baccalauréat international OF sachiterato intemacionat loma Programme answer cover sheet PHYSICS SL PAPER THREE 09 May 2016 (morning) Candidate Seon oreplon ston Seckionh _ 2 Opktion D| LAW Eo Invigilator only: Candidate absent (insert x if applicable) Gonoral instructions *+ Wiito tn blue or black ink, and uso soft poncl for graphs and dlagrame. 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Becosauresto PPotorzon Hougo, Malthouse Avan, ‘Card 6F28 6GL, UNITED KINGDOMM16/4/PHYSISP3/ENG/TZOKX Physics Standard level Paper 3 Monday 9 May 2016 (morning) 1 hour Candidate session number Instructions to can lates + Write your session number in the boxes above. + Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. + Section A: answer all questions. + Section 8: answer all of the questions from one of the options. + Write your answers in the boxes provided. + Acatculator is required for this paper. + Aclean copy of the physics data booklet is required for this paper. + The maximum mark for this examination paper is [35 marks]. Option Questions Option A — Relativity 3-6 Option B — Engineering physics 7-8 Option C — Imaging 9-11 Option D — Astrophysics 42-14 22 pages 2218-6508 International Baccalaureate Organization 2018 Ml GasM16/4/PHYSUSPS/ENGITZOIXX Section A ‘Answer all questions. Write your answers in the boxes provided. 1. Asstudent investigates the oscillation of a horizontal rod hanging at the end of a vertical string. The diagram shows the view from above. vertical string scale ‘The student starts the rod oscillating and measures the largest displacement for each cycle of the oscillation on the scale and the time at which it occurs. ‘The student begins to take measurements a few seconds after releasing the rod. . The graph shows the variation of displacement x with time f since the release of the rod. The uncertainty for tis negligible. 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 x! 8.0 6.0: 4.0 20) 0.0. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 tis 35 40 45 (2) On the graph above, draw the line of best fitfor the data. i) (This question continues on the following page) L InN 4o (Question 1 continued) 4 M16/4/PHYSUSPS/ENGITZOIXX (©) Calculate the percentage uncertainty for the displacement when t= 40s. RB ane teichy 2% BeBe Oem (c)_ The student hypothesizes that the relationship between x and tis x =f where ais a constant. To test the hypothesis x is plotted against + as shown in the graph. 16.0 14.015 12.0 10.043 60 4.0: 20 0.0. 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 L tst Xs (The data point corresponding to f= 15s has not been plotted. Plot this point on the graph above. A a graph Keg + 006% a (i) Suggest the range of values of ¢ for which the hypothesis may be assumed to be correct. 2 : Thimssh hee pesiline because. Hie. can. nat dace. Renehine, IML mem2. Astudent measures the refractive index of the glass of a microscope slide. He uses a travelling microscope to determine the position x, of a mark on a sheet of paper. He then places the slide over the mark and finds the position x, of the image of the mark when viewed through the slide, Finally, he uses the microscope to determine the position x, of the top of the slide. . - slide x—_+ ———~ _ image of mark * > mark sheet of paper ‘The table shows the average results of a large number of repeated measurements. ‘Average position of mark / mm. 5 0.20 +0.02 oe 0.59 40.02 % 1.35 20.02 (a) The refractive index of the glass from which the slide is made is given by Determine () the refractive index of the glass to the correct number of significant figures, ignoring any uncertainty. mreuprvsuspaenerrzonn %-* 1.35 - 8-2 (This question continues on the following page) 245PO4 E |(Question 2 continued) Mi6/4/PHYSUSPSIENGITZOXX (i) the uncertainty of the value calculated in (a)(i). 8) [3s 2 6.02)-@.220.02) 2 LEE OON ae 28297854 £0:02),.., OTL EO oe OR O18 er 5 (b) After the experiment, the student finds that the travelling microscope is badly adjusted ‘so that the measurement of each position is too large by 0.05mm. (i) State the name of this type of error. (11 Agghemss. (i) Outline the effect that the error in (b)(i) will have on the calculated value of the refractive index of the glass. 2 ce ne. colt dedted, walee seth bs, ms still coccech... TES. ape. MBH aay. 2:85. See remains, Poe (This question continues on the following page) : Turn over 2AEPOSiE * L -6~ M16/4/PHYSUSPS/ENGITZOMXX (Question 2 continued) (c) After correcting the adjustment of the travelling microscope, the student repeats the ‘experiment using a glass block 10 times thicker than the original microscope slide. Explain the change, if any, to the calculated result for the refractive index and its uncertainty. 2 tmnt 4 24M16/4/PHYSUSPS/ENG/TZOIXX Section B ‘Answer all of the questions from one of the options. Write your answers in the boxes provided. Option A — Relativity 3. One of the postulates of special relativity states that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial frames of reference, {a) _ State whet is meant by inertial in this context. tl (b) An observer is travelling at velocity v towards a light source. Determine the value the observer would measure for the speed of light emitted by the source according to () Maxwell's theory. nm (i) Galilean transformation. (1) (Option A continues on the following page) tN ae L 24EPOT aE + S M16/4/PHYSUSPS/ENGITZOIXX (Option A continued) 4, Two protons are moving with the same velocity in a particle accelerator. . protons . Observer X is at rest relative to the accelerator. Observer Y is at rest relative to the protons. Explain the nature of the force between the protons as observed by observer X and observer Y. Bl {Option A continues on the following page) L A 15 MI6/4/PHYSUSP3IENG/TZOXX {Option A continued) ‘An electron is emitted from @ nucleus with a speed of 0.975¢ as observed in a laboratory. ‘The electron is detected at a distance of 0.800m from the emitting nucleus as measured in the laboratory. (a) Forthe reference frame of the electron, calculate the distance travelled by the detector. [2] (b) For the reference frame of the laboratory, calculate the time taken for the electron to reach the detector after its emission from the nucleus. 2 (©) _ For the reference frame of the electron, calculate the time between its emission at the nucleus and its detection. 2 (@) Outline why the answer to (c) represents a proper time interval i E ues on the following page) | NIM Mahe nos a]E oe -10- M16/4/PHYSUSPSIENG/TZOXX {Option A continued) 6. An observer on Earth watches a rocket A. The spacetime diagram shows part of the motion ‘of Ain the reference frame of the Earth observer. Three flashing light beacons, X, Y and Z, are used to guide rocket A. The flash events are shown on the spacetime diagram, The diagram shows the axes for the reference frames of Earth and of rocket A. The Earth observer is at the origin. (Option A continues on the following page) L I 4MAG6/4/PHYSUSPS/ENGITZOXX (Option A, question 6 continued) For the reference frame of the Earth observer, calculate the speed of rocket A in terms of the speed of light c. fa) a (©) Using the graph opposite, deduce the order in which the beacons flash in the reference frame of rocket A. @ the Earth observer sees the beacons fiash, @ End of Option A IMr -12- M16/4/PHYSUSPS/ENG/TZOXX Option B — Engineering physics 7. Asolid cylinder of mass M and radius R rolls without slipping down a uniform slope. The slope makes an angle 0 to the horizontel N Mg ‘The diagram shows the three forces acting on the cylinder. Nis the normal reaction force and F is the frictional force between the cylinder and the slope. (@) State why F is the only force providing a torque about the axis of the cylinder. m (©) (The moment of inettia of a cylinder about its axis is = fur’. Show that, by applying Newton's laws of motion, the linear acceleration of the cylinder 2 is a=Zgsind. a 39 4] (Option B continues on the following page) L tu 4Ee (Option B, question 7 continued) (ii) Calculate, for @= 30°, the time it takes for the solid cylinder to travel 1.5m along the slope. The cylinder starts from rest. 4 =13- M16/A/PHYSUSPS/ENG/TZOXX 2 (©) Ablock of ice is placed on the slope beside the solid cylinder and both are released at the same time. The block of ice is the same mass as the solid cylinder and slides without friction, ‘At any given point on the slope, the speed of the block of ice is greater than the speed of the solid cylinder. Outline why, using the answer to (b)(i). i (d) The solid cylinder is replaced by a hollow cylinder of the same mass and radius. Suggest how this change will affect, if at all, the acceleration in (b)(0). ica) (Option B continues on the following page) (WN Turn over DAES |r {Option B continued) 8. _ Afixed mass of an ideal monatomic gas undergoes an isothermal change from Ato B as shown. -14- M16/4/PHYSUSPS/ENGITZOIXX PI 10°Pa ‘The temperature at A is 350K. An identical mass of the same ideal monatomic gas undergoes an isobaric change from A to C. (2) (i) Galoulate the temperature at C. (i) (ii) Calculate the change in internal energy for AC. 2] (Option B continues on the following page) EPA EE~15- M16/4/PHYSUSPS/ENGITZOIXX (Option B, question 8 continued) (li) Determine the energy supplied to the gas during the change AC. a (iv) On the graph, draw a line to represent an adiabatic expansion from A to a state of volume 4.0% 10" m? (point D). tt] (b) (@ State the change in entropy of a gas for the adiabatic expansion from A to D. i (ii) Explain, with reference to the concept of disorder, why the entropy of the gas is greater at C than B. Bl End of Option B tA aE —16- MAG/4/PHYSUSP3/ENGITZOIXX Please do not write on this page. Answers written on this page will not be marked. Ia AEP a-17- wieirvsversenarzanx | Option C — Imaging 9. The diagram shows a diverging mirror. mirror Object O has a height of 2.0cm and is 6.0em from the mirror surface, The focal length of the mirror is 4.0cm and the centre of curvature is 8.0m. (a) Construct a ray diagram for object ©. Label the image I. (3) (b) Estimate the linear magnification of the image. a) (©) Outline the advantage of parabolic mirrors over spherical mirrors. 13) (Option C continues on the following page) LL ny mew-18- M16/4/PHYSIISPS/ENG/TZOXX (Option C continued) 40. An astronomical telescope is used in normal adjustment. The separation of the lenses in the telescope is 0.84m. The objective lens has a focal length of 0.82m. (a) Calculate the magnification of this telescope. 2 (b) Outline way sign convention is necessary in optics. tt] (©) Astudent decides to reverse the positions of the same lenses without changing the separation to form an optical microscope in normal adjustment. The student's near point is 0.25m from her eye. () Show, using a calculation, that the image formed by the objective lens is about (0.19m from the eyepiece ia} (il) Calculate the distance between the objective iens of the microscope and ‘the object. 2 (Option C continues on the following page) L i i 24618 =|-19- M16/4/PHYSUSP3/ENG/TZOXX, (Option C, question 10 continued) (il) Determine the overall magnification of the microscope. 2 14, Aray of monochromatic light enters a graded-index optic fibre. <— cladding "J oentral axis light ray, (@) Draw the path of the ray as it travels through the graded-index optic fibre. it} (b) Explain how the graded-index optic fibre reduces waveguide dispersion. Gr End of Option C L ILM aer -20- M16/4/PHYSUSPS/ENG/TZOXX Option D — Astrophysics ae 42. (a) Describe one key characteristic of a nebula. tt A. ingle... e8 2... cece. ..08. enerayy: (b) Beta Centauri is a star in the southern skies with a parallax angle of 8.32% 10" arc-seconds. Calculate, in metres, the distance of this star from Earth, i} d (parsed =. OSD © een REEEREY (Qe PSSST ee cctteteeee tte ene: ' ge Months pace o> HOMES = Slgaly = be SSCS (©) Outline why astrophysicists use non-S! units for the measurement of astronomical distance 1 . Ashophypitehs. se. sneer SE a7, ths Be measur arbwacenicel. .distences,.. because, _prvckcal., Belews Thesente in, apace, ant..neh cepmamateh..an..€ big. The Seale doesvid make sense po7 Carte: 43. Aldebaran is a red giant star with a peak wavelength of 740nm and a mass of 1.7 solar masses. (a) Show that the surface temperature of Aldebaran is about 4000 K. (2) (Option D continues on the following page) 7 E(Option D, question 13 continued) ‘The radius of Aldebaran is 3.110'm, Determine the luminosity of Aldebaran. 4 M16/4/PHYSUSP3IENG/TZOXX (2 iy Identify the element that is fusing in Aldebaran’s core at this stage in its evolution. tt) Hiagbeenen 8. Basins, date, trelienene... Predict the likely future evolution of Aldebaran. 8) [E {Option D continues on the following page) Turn over =]r -22- wteamnvsispacnomrzonc: E (Option D continued) 14. (a) _Light reaching Earth from quasar 30273 has z=0.16. () Outline what is meant by z. ti Calculate the ratio of the size of the universe when the light was emitted by the quasar to the present size of the universe. ti (ii) Calculate the distance of 36273 from Earth using H, = 68kms' Mpc", 2) () Explain how cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation provides support for the Hot Big Bang model. 2) _ OMB... .cadiatien... Tateurowk gece. Addit. do Be ee The: Heb. Fig. Bronce sem cures. rele. When Me. Unie... ate Sumergy ert) oak. As.. sil. ermekh A form of cosmic umicre waves. w Re End of Option D(i Please do not write on this page. Answers written on this page will not be marked, i AEP: IL Please do not write on this page. ‘Answers writen on this page will not be marked. intl