SINON & SCHUSTER’S Pa ee EASTERN READING BOOKLETGraphic Design: Maia Kennedy © and © Recorded Program 2009 Simon & Schuster, Inc. pos Reading Booklet 2009 Simon & Schuster, Ine. imsleure is an imprint of Simon & Schuster Audio, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Mfg. in USA. All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Eastern Arasic TT VOoIces English-Speaking Instructor. .......--- Ray Brown Arabic-Speaking Instructor ........ Adnan Hasaba Female Arabic Speaker .......... Andreh Braekeh Male Arabic Speaker .......- Mohamad Mohamad Courst. WRITERS Dr. Mahdi Alosh @ Mary E, Green Reapinc Lessons Elizabeth Horber Epirors Dr. Ulrike S. Rettig # Beverly D. Heinle REVIEWER Zoheir Alidib Executive PRoDUCER Beverly D, Heinle Arasic DirECTOR Dr. Mahdi Alosh Propucer & ENciisH Director Sarah H. McInnis RECORDING ENGINEERS Peter S. Turpin # Kelly Saux Simon & Schuster Studios, Concord, MA iii"TABLE OF CONTENTS Reading Lessons Introduction... 0.6.60 cece eee eee tents 1 Arabic Dialects... 6.00000 teens 1 The Written System»... 6... e eee ee 2 The Arabic Alphabet «2.6.5.0 .0 005s e eres 3 The Definite Article... 0.6.0. ee eres 6 Phonological Variation..... 06+ +++. 6 sree 8 Arabic Alphabet Chart .....-. 6.550 e sree 10 Diacritical Marks... 0... eee eee 14 Lesson One: Travel Signs .....-6-- 5-5 eee 15 Lesson Two: More Travel Signs ....- +--+ 055 17 Lesson Three: Driving in Syria.......+---+-- 19 Lesson Four: Syrian Road Signs... .-..+-+-+- 21 Lesson Five: Arabic Loan Words. .......++++- 24 Lesson Six: Expressions and Pastimes .....--- 26 Lesson Seven: At the Restaurant..-......--+- 29 Lesson Eight: Medical Terminology......---- 31 Lesson Nine: Traveling by Train. .....-.++5-- 34 Lesson Ten: Supermarket Items ......----+++ 37 Lesson Eleven: At the Hotel .....-.--.5-2555 39 Lesson Twelve: [tems in the Bathroom....-.-- 42 Lesson Thirteen: At the Post Office.........-- 45 Lesson Fourteen: At the Bank... 02-660 e sees 48 Lesson Fifteen: At a Newsstand or Bookstore. . . 51 Lesson Sixteen; Expressions and Holidays... .- 54 Lesson Seventeen: Syrian Proverbs. ......---- 58 Lesson Fighteen: Well-Known Syrians......-. 62 Lesson Nineteen: Expressions.........-5+-5+5 67 Lesson Twenty: Famous Syrian Dishes. .....-- 71 Vv cn ss##4#......... wweEASTERN ARABIC TIT Introduction Arabic Dialects There are many varieties of Arabic spoken throughout the Arab world, including North Africa. Of the hundreds of known dialects, the spoken For more information, cail varieties with the largest number of speakers are 1-800-831-5497 or visit us at geouped, on the basis of similarity in vocabulary www.Pimsleur.com and syntax, into the following: * Syrian Arabic - (or Eastern Arabic, as taught in this course) spoken in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan; * Egyptian Arabic - spoken in urban Egypt; * Gulf Arabic - spoken in Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, the Emirates (Qatar), Oman, Bahrain, and Eastern Saudi Arabia; ® Traqi Arabic - spoken in Iraq; ¢ North African Arabic - spoken in Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco; ® Saudi Arabic - spoken in Central and Western Saudi Arabia; * Yemeni Arabic - spoken in Yemen and southern Saudi Arabia.EASTERN ARABIC III Introduction (continued) The Written System Modern Standard Arabic The written form of the Arabic language, which dates back to pre-Islamic periods, is called “Standard” or “Literary” Arabic and is used and understood throughout the Arab world. It is the form of the language taught in schools and is the default for educated Arabs of any nationality. The written system has also been adopted by neigh- boring countries whose language is not Arabic, such as Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Colloquial or “spoken” Arabic, including Syrian Arabic, varies widely by region, sometimes differing enough to be mutually unintelligible. It is considered to be a “dialect,” and is almost never written down. Most educated Arabic speakers are able to easily jump back and forth between Standard and dialect, even within the same sentence, with no loss of understanding. The Arabic writing system is easy to learn and master because the Arabic alphabet has a high corre- spondence between sound and symbol. This means that a letter is pronounced almost the same in every word position. EASTERN ARABIC II Introduction (continued) The Arabic Alphabet If you have done the Reading Lessons in Levels I & UL, you will be familiar with the Arabic script. If the Arabic alphabet is new to you or you need to re-familiarize yourself with the sounds of the alphabet, you may want to do the Levels | & IL Readings before proceeding with Level IL The Arabic alphabet contains 29 letters including the hamza (glottal stop). There are also two variants of existing letters, alifand taa. A numberof diacritical marks complement the alphabet. These are signs written above or below the letters; they are listed on page 16, after the alphabet chart. There are two categories of Arabic letters. The first category contains six letters only, which are called “one-way connectors” because they connect only to the “preceding letters” or letters to the right. They do not connect to “following letters” or letters to the left. These are: | 3 Oo JS 3 3 The other 23 letters of the alphabet constitute the letters of the second category. They connect to bothEASTERN ARABIC I~ Introduction (continued) — eee preceding letters (to the right) and following letters (to the left), hence the term “two-way connectors.” The alphabet contains three long vowels: alif (aa), waw (uu), and ya (ii). The latter two function also as consonants, as in “wet” and “yes.” There are three short counterparts of these vowels represented by diacritical marks: the fatHa (a), the damma (u), and the kasra (i). They are about half as long. A tiny circle written above a consonant is called a sukuun and represents the absence of a vowel. The mark that resembles a tiny “w” is called shadda. \t signifies a doubled consonant. For example, this mark over the letter “t’” makes the word pronounced /sit-tah/ rather than /sitah/. A complete listing of the Arabic alphabet has been included for your reference, beginning on page 12. It is shown in two 2-page spreads, reading right to left. Each letter has four different representations, depending on its position within a word. The listing includes the forms that the letters assume in different word positions. There is an independent form, as well as a beginning, a middle, and an end form. The term “initial” means the first letter of the word starting from the right, “medial” means all the 4 _ FBASTERN ARABIC IIT el Introduction (continued) letters in the middle, and “final” refers to the last letter of the word, on the left. The chart is to be used only as a guide since all of the necessary information for beginning to read in Arabic will be given in the audio portion of the Reading Lessons. The Letter taa’ marbuuta ©) The letter taa’ marbuuta () serves only as a suffix and is a variant of the letter faa’ (2). The taa’ marbuuta (8) functions most often as the feminine noun marker — meaning that when this letter is attached to most masculine nouns and adjectives, it makes them feminine. The taa’ marbuuta is not always pronounced. Whether or not it is pronounced depends on the grammatical function and structure of the word to which it is added. The taa’ marbuuta is not pronounced when: « the word is said by itself, for example the word “car,” sayyaara (8 jb) * the word is followed by an adjective, as in “big car,” sayyaara kbiire (8528 Sales) 5EASTERN ARABIC HE i Introduction (continued) The faa’ marbuuta (8) is pronounced just like a regular faa’ (~) when: * a personal pronoun is attached to the word, as in, “my car,’ sayyaartii (Aj). In this case, the taa’ marbuuta (8) is replaced with the letter raa’ (). ° another suffix is attached to the word, e.g., “two cars,” sayyaartiin (4,4). Again, in this case, the faa’ marbuuta (8) is replaced with the letter taa’ (»). * the word belongs with the following noun, resulting in a grammatical function similar to that of the preposition “of” as in the “city of New York” madiina(e)t nyuuyoork (Sass Gyre), The Definite Article (J!): Assimilating and Non-Assimilating Sounds The definite article in Arabic al (J!), is made up of the letters alif (!) and Iaam (4) and is prefixed to nouns and adjectives. Its pronunciation changes depending on the word that follows it. ¢ It is pronounced a/ when prefixed to words 6 EASTERN ARABIC IIL el Introduction (continued) beginning with a sound/letter that belongs to a certain group of letters referred to as “moon” or “lunar” letters. Long ago, Arab grammarians used the word “moon,” gamar (553), to exemplify this group of sounds. If the article is prefixed to a word beginning with a moon letter, the laam is pronounced as an |-sound and is said to be non-assimilating. For example, if the article is prefixed to the word “moon,” gamar (58), the result, “the moon,” is al-gamar (34l!), * Incontrast, there are words which start with sounds/letters called “sun” or “solar” letters. Arab grammarians used the word “sun,” shams (Ue), to exemplify this class of sounds. If the article is prefixed to a word beginning with a sun letter, the laam changes to the sound of the sun letter and it is said to be assimilating. For example, if the article is prefixed to the word “sun,” shams (+4), the result, “the sun,” is ashshams (oI), The sh in ash blends into the sh in shams. Note that only the pronunciation of the article is affected, not its spelling. 7EASTERN ARABIC III Introduction (continued) Phonological Variation: Local Dialects vs. Modern Standard Arabic Differences between spoken Syrian and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) exist at the phonological evel. Some examples of the differences in pronunciation are listed below. . MSA Eastern Arabic Spell i petlng Pronunciation Pronunciation Meaning ali _ dalam | alam gaat Glikecasincod | Sis a glottal stop pen yt Dhariif zariif . Ab like thas in shine | Btike z as in 00 mee “ uss . naDh-Dhaara _ naD-Daara _ 8 like th as in thine like das in done eyeglasses . _ _ dhahab _ dahab SA | Slikemasinthe | Slikedasindo | 84 soe __ ladhiidh laztiz ws sal like tas in the Jlike z as in zoo delicious » thuum tuum : re Es like thas in thin | Slike rasin tune SHE 3G _ _ thaanawiy saanawii , ee Es like si asin thin | & like s as in son | Secondary These variants are not interchangeable; you may not use s for th and still claim that your speech is in Modern Standard Arabic. 8 EASTERN ARABIC IIL Introduction (continued) The Reading Lessons The Reading Lessons in Eastern Arabic HT are designed to familiarize the learner with words that appear on signs, menus, and the like, as well as phrases that the learner is likely to see or hear in Arabic-speaking countries. Also there is a lesson on the pronunciation of the names of some famous Syrians, as well as some typical expressions and regional idioms. There are twenty Reading Lessons in all. Vowel markers have been included to aid you in reading unfamiliar words. Normally, everyday written Arabic will not include these markers or diacritics. You will be reading both Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Eastern Arabic. Instruction will be given as needed. Normally, writing is done only in MSA, and experienced readers look at the words and translate them “on the fly” into their dialect. The recorded portion of the reading materials for Eastern Arabic IH will be found at the end of the program. You can do the Readings when it is most convenient for you, either with the units, or entirely after completing the full 30 units. Full instructions on how to proceed are in the recording.j EASTERNARABIC TT EASTERN ARABIC IIT | Arabic Alphabet Chart (continued) ee Arabic Alphabet Chart Teaaalteration Poston Position Postion Name Tete ion Letter aa L L J oh alif ] b + + + ° L baa t a = 3 eG taa o th oe = a 26 thaa S | J & ~ > ase jim te H & > > ela Haa ct kh & + = eA khaa o d + + 3 Jia daal 3 | dh a 1 4 Jls dhaal 4 r > > Y ely raa 2 zZ > > > ‘G hy zay 3 s un a “ ou sim vs | sh oa a _ Opa shiin e s oe “ ~« alos Saad ve | D ue = “4 lad Daad ve 10 hlEASTERN ARABIC II - EASTERN ARABIC UL Arabic Alphabet Chart (continued) Arabic Alphabet Chart (continued) | <—_— — = (Read from right to left.) — — <- — —™ (Read from right to left.) —™ Teaaeliterition Position Position Postion Name Traweliteration better T & de L «Le Taa Lb | Dh ke & «Lb Dhaa 4 é a < oe gayn & gh & a a one ghayn é f a a 4 eli faa 4 q & 4 a 4 gaat 3 k eb & Ss Als kaaf d 1 wb 1 J ay laam J : m é — — ate miim « n oe a a og nuun 3 i h a ~~ A cla haa ® uu/w & Ss 3 sly waaw 3 eely ea > + eh yaa $ aa - - - 3 ygeadecill alif magSuura G t a _ - dla ga ye a taa marbuuTa 8 ie et a li Sea hamza * 12 13EASTERN ARABIC III Diacritical Marks << — — (Read from right to left) — — Name in Name Sound Letter Transliteration 2 ° sukuun cygSu hone no vowel follows, above the letter o- a“ fatHa daa a short vowel, above the letter 2 Damma aus u short vowel, above the letter kasra Bau i short vowel, below the letter “ - w shadda bu none indicates a double consonant. above the letter EASTERN ARABIC Hi Lesson One: Travel Signs poke SK: ll gles oilec Bie 12 dls 2 aan obi 13 tas 3 oi is 14 aban a ljlge 15 weal 4852 5 alyaied 16 aly, 6 ols 85858 17 yale 7 Halas § atid 18 Jges 8 elglyd sant 19 Sbme 9 a any .20 Bla .10EASTERN ARABIC TIL Lesson One: Travel Signs (translations) airport . customs . baggage . station . bus stop . airport gate . departures . arrivals . Syria Telephone . telephones 11. tourist office - nN . currency exchange 13. rapid-service / express train 14. taxi stand 15. passport checkpoint 16. information 17. one-way ticket 18. tourist visa 19. passport renewal 20. exit fee EASTERN ARABIC LIL Lesson Two: More Travel Signs 2 oe dae GIA TE iat age 1 Sythe dla, SS Jus CIS5 I ALAS dela! 541 jae Gal we Jlsa cls 12 Sia 13 bodteinal 3S. 14 Gos ols 5 us GAlsodlay 16 day Re 7 Us I! 285 18 isu 19 bly G3 5/5 2 be ms in a Ma a No) 20 sgauts ZL «10 17EASTERN ARABIC ITT Rae eae EE Lesson Two: More Travel Signs (translations) I. parking 2. ticket office 3. information office 4. international flights 5. domestic flights 6. post office 7. the flight number 8. flight attendant 9. round trip ticket 10. boarding pass Li. 12. 13. 14, any Ln baggage locker direct flight passengers baggage/luggage handler . the airport terminal . resident permit - working permit - trolley - cell phone . plane connection . EASTERN ARABIC II Lesson Three: Driving in Syria o + JgSAll ¢ gibe - SLI! 5 shee AsS5ll ¢ gine Cap ASU hg wld 12 13 17 18 fala sal olail ale Gob Sab6 ue Gab AlLesson Three: Driving in Syria (translations) L. 10. EASTERN ARABIC III square . one way . highway . unpaved road . dead end street . sidewalk . work in progress . stop . pedestrians police qi. 20. 20 detour . exit . school . intersection . falling rocks . sidewalk . no u-turn . no parking . yield bumpy road EASTERN ARABIC III Lesson Four: Signs on Syrian Roads and Highways wasiell SGM shaas 2 Ai inh 3 wis 4 de yplull agai 5 w de pull B86 ssgihes wk 9 21EASTERN ARABIC Til Lesson Four: Signs (continued) ogos alas! 1 s x - Sybll ts glob 12 oe - gs 13 oyblaill & gies 4 dal ital 115 slob Bigs 16 col lacs Glues 17 Olacle a 18 LB 22 EASTERN ARABIC TL Lesson Four: Signs (translations) OUD BwWN . South Ring Road . Bagdad . local road . south . speed limit slow down . train crossing . gas station . Aleppo . automobile assistance . heavy traffic . emergency road service . Beirut . double line road - no passing . roadside refreshments / rest area . emergency stop . car service . Ahighway connecting the cities Daara and Ammaan . Please don’t speak to the driver. . Don’tlean out the windows. 23EASTERN ARABIC III Lesson Five: Arabic Loan Words olde 1d wl dasa 12 Tab 3 dah 14 Bs wl pt 18 ot Jastl 19 4.20 24 10 “EASTERN ARABIC I Lesson Five: Arabic Loan Words (translations) 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17, 18. 19, 20. {. assassin 2. zero 3. elixir 4. genie 5. 6 7 8 9 jar . lemon . jihad . magazine / storehouse or military supply . mattress algebra saffron sofa tahini tarrif hummus admiral algorism syrup kohl sugar 254 EASTERN ARABIC Ll Lesson Six: Expressions and Pastimes be cae oT oS Ul 2 gbbb 3 Lia 4 “SS 5 SISA 6 aaill aS 7 aLcall 38 8 wpdall 8S 9 a § alll s S110 EASTERN ARABIC II Lesson Six: Expressions and Pastimes (cont.) dal 11 bygca 112 das 13 cl sew 14 {SAIL gb 19 Weise gle /' pauls le 20I Lesson Six: Expressions and Pastimes (trans.) Se ee WN OMAN DR BR wWN = EASTERN ARABIC I . Two player board game . backgammon chess ° . checkers-like game . puppets storyteller . soccer . basketball . tennis . volleyball . swimming . late evening get-together . party 14. . “Congratulations!” picnic . “Ebeg your pardon; Excuse me!” . “May it last for ever.” . “Two healths.” . “What are you talking about?” . “With pleasure! or “Willingly!” (Literally, “on my head / on my eye.”) 28 EASTERN ARABIC IE Lesson Seven: At the Restaurant Guus S51 colle 12 clisal! 13 Tol S! 14 Uygunde Lal SY! 15 Jules .16 WILLA Spo Zlagi AT ost} oj BAL Is wills aoa3 19 alll lk 20 clad wl clube 2 Siig wine 3 Re < vb Br re colyyhs 5 agall Gace 6 abl 7 eas 8 us,i 9 djs 10EASTERN ARABIC HL Lesson Seven: At the Restaurant (translations) Moe oN= Ss CEA AW R WN o . dunch . dinner a snack the menu . Wine list the daily special salad . appetizers . water pipe used for smoking tobacco soup . main dish . sweets . the check / bill 14. . tip . washroom tip included in the check . Anapkin, please! olive oil cruet . ahalf portion . Keep the change. 30 EASTERN ARABIC HI Lesson Eight: Medical Terminology 2 Sali 2 Slaw! 8c 3 (patie A woes dats yo 5 VE = > elga 7 Kb talles sa)! LLall 9 ao Lal 10EASTERN ARABIC IIT Lesson Nine: Traveling by Train o Su 1 olbs 2 tote LE 3 GAS jks 4 led s24 5 cll da55 6 sot glist days piles 7 BA 8 gas 9 agi Shguads 10 EASTERN ARABIC TIT ot ag Gje JSI due dal! yoi . EE ae, Lesson Nine: Traveling by Train (continued) wll 12 we 14EASTERN ARABIC IIT Lesson Nine: Traveling by Train o Su 1 olbs 2 tote LE 3 GAS jks 4 led s24 5 cll da55 6 sot glist days piles 7 BA 8 gas 9 agi Shguads 10 EASTERN ARABIC TIT ot ag Gje JSI due dal! yoi . EE ae, Lesson Nine: Traveling by Train (continued) wll 12 we 14Lesson Nine: Traveling by Train (translations) oe 10. Ll. 12. 13. 14. 15, 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. EASTERN ARABIC I 1. track 2. train 3. express train 4. freight train 5. 6 7 8 9 seat in a train. . first class . Lontly travel in first class. . reservation . teserved sleeping compartment sleeping car dining car head of the station air conditioning train schedule tunnel “No standing.” compartment child’s fare conductor 36 EASTERN ARABIC UE Lesson Ten: Supermarket Items dass 11 pak Ak 12 Sli 2 885 13 ok 3 opus’ 14 Lig Sho 4 cu 1S gles 5 ybA .20 Gguizall .10el Lesson Ten: Supermarket Items (translations) 9. 10. ii. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. . salt EASTERN ARABIC iT | 1. vegetables 2. fruit 3. cheese 4. pasta 5. 6 7 8 chicken . meat . one kilo . dairy products yogurt cashier ice cream bread butter pies oil vinegar . garlic . peppers . cucumber EASTERN ARABIC HIT. Lesson Eleven: At the Hotel JUS! ribs 2 case 3 dauas 4 39EASTERN ARABIC IIL Lesson Eleven: At the Hotel (continued) dls Sia il aeughl: 12 Liges . 1 3 gles / elas 14 dle sll 15 Tones .16 cle5¥l ade 17 aye 3k 18 4a jal) jaa 9 oF aged Quad Gib 20 EASTERN ARABIC IIL Lesson Eleven: At the Hotei (translations) 16. (7. Is. 19, 20. . reception area key . director / manager . elevator . adouble room . asingle room . room with a view bed and breakfast sym . wake up call . pool . inseason . sauna . massage . hairdresser concierge Do not disturb. room service to make up the room five-star hotel AtEASTERN ARABIC III Lesson Twelve: Items in the Bathroom SLE) gyaee 1 Ogle 2 Sls guile 3 ign 4 gels 5 culls 303-6 a2 EASTERN ARABIC IIT 43 Lesson Twelve: Items in the Bathroom (cont.) wl 12 13 14 AS 16 7 18 9 20—— En Lesson Twelve: Items in the Bathroom (trans.) een nn Pe eS = Ww HN & or a EASTERN ARABIC II toothpaste soap . shower soap shower shampoo . toilet paper . anelectric razor . bathtub . towel . hair dryer . sink . perfume . baby powder 14. bathrobe . sponge . mirror . mouthwash . shaving foam . deodorant . shower cap EASTERN ARABIC TIL Lesson Thirteen: At the Post Office woe a8 Bho ais 3 say Gghe 6 Jats te 7 Sse uy 8 siya jadsi 9 sib 10EASTERN ARABIC HE Lesson Thirteen: At the Post Office (continued) sll pS Sage ge le Jleas! pul Jus Jets Jay ab 5s y Il 12 13 14 AS 16 A7 A8 .19 Lesson Thirteen: At the Post Office (trans.) EASTERN ARABIC HI . Wire (electronic transfer) . hand stamp / rubber stamp . postage stamp . postcard for use in Syria only . bills paid at the post office . mail box . registered mail . air mail . post office savings account . parcel . mail delay . postman . receipt . return receipt . form . to send . to mail . to stand in line . post office clerk . tosignEASTERN ARABIC IIL Lesson Fourteen: At the Bank gle clus 1 si aks 2 olusn ra 3 whos gre] 4 Uaplas US 5 sila 8 a9 Bye di / a4 dle, 10 48 EASTERN ARABIC IIT Lesson Fourteen: At the Bank (continued) ieee o So P| Sail ous 85 Sd Lalas digi dts AlNor eo Ww MW re © RS EASTERN ARABIC IT ncn A SE Lesson Fourteen: At the Bank (translations) I checking account . down payment open an account . close an account . bank transfer (female) deposit account statement . interest loan . ATM card /ATM machine . bank investments (male) . interest rate . home equity loan . bank loan (male) . bank window / teller _ checkbook . percentage rate . depreciation . inflation . bank transaction (female) 50 EASTERN ARABIC TI Lesson Fifteen: At a Newsstand or Boookstore bye ol Gen Saye 2 dks 3 Gps IS agen 4 sale hls 5 Siok ded 7 cugel 8 Jaki pS .10 51 °- EASTERNARABIC IH _ EASTERN ARABIC Ill SS PR RN Lesson Fifteen: At a Newsstand or Bookstore (cont.) Lesson Fifteen: At a Newsstand or Bookstore (trans.) eee Tunualgs dtad 11 {. newspaper ° ° 2. daily newspaper ise mayb A2 3. magazine ° 4. comic book yas GES 13 5. tourist guide “ 6. city map eye ibis .14 7. road map - 8. dictionary or t OLS! pase 15 ». novel "on 10. children’s book a4 w I 1. mystery story heady a4 oS 16 ~ ve 12. local bistory “ 13. poetry book vel lb 17 peasy I-L. internet connection IS. book review . hardcover book 17. special order |S. short story 19. fairy tale dali}; 20 “0. calendarEASTERN ARABIC Ti Lesson Sixteen: Regional Expressions and Holidays aaeeeeen tol dake teyblin sill tue KS las sisal aga! / shill ase gall eel ae Sl ll wothi ue credll ue 54 wl 10 EASTERN ARABIC HI Yokes nS gle jas ° Loe . Goel etal. st a Cres Cas. se! yaks uly Lesson Sixteen: Expressions and Holidays (continued) ee RS il 12 13(nen Lesson Sixteen: Expressions and Holidays (trans.) — EEE WN EASTERN ARABIC II . Come on! or Stop it! OK! . May you be safe every year! . Ramadan - month when Muslims fast from dawn to sunset . Smaller Eid - three days of celebrations after Ramadan . The Haj - the annual pilgrimage to Mecca . Eid of Sacrifice - four days of festivities after the annual Haj . Greater Eid - four days of festivities after the annual Haj . Christmas - an official holiday in Syria and Lebanon . Easter - an official holiday in Syria and Lebanon . St. Ananias Church in Damascus . Maaloula - only place in the world where Aramaic is still used today as a living language . Monastery of Saint Sergius 56 14. 15. lo. 17. [8. 19, 20, EASTERN ARABIC III SE PPP Ta Lesson Sixteen: Expressions and Holidays (trans.) —— Sednaya - ancient convent Omayyad Mosque in Damascus Azem Palace in Damascus Bosra amphitheater (2 BC) Ebla - ancient city (circa 2400 BC) Ras Shamra (Ugarit) - ancient city where first alphabet was developed (7 BC) Citadel of AleppoEASTERN ARABIC Hl Lesson Seventeen: Syrian Proverbs LG] débins oll) SL, 37d 3S day '3) J o8SAILy pial Jols wo pind Sis chil ley Le JIA gable Qua ail woh hi oA atau eas ba AS a! GI sj) oh ole LE Jab 9 ate pstte dS gee gia Cala! 58 el iv ua BS in a ty oe Xo 10 EASTERN ARABICIH Lesson Seventeen: Syrian Proverbs (continued) ee USE chilly gala aly 11 pbb! 554 oll JS 12 aay she JAM aga 13 S5AGN Bs316 She 14 “Shai, Le Stag sal .15 He 0 iL sh 16 Leolblls LaudlAl) fis 7 wala 5 335 LS 18 wails Ys VAI 19 asl jeu AIgll 20~ RASTERN ARABIC II Lesson Seventeen: Syrian Proverbs (translations) ee 10. . Time for fun, time for prayer. . If you want to confuse someone, give them a choice. . Said to someone who makes things more complicated than they have to be. (Literally, carrying a Jadder sideways.) . Nothing can scratch your skin like your own nail. . Allher geese are swans. (Literally, “A monkey in the eyes of its owner is like a gazelle.”) . Out of the frying pan and into the fire. (Literally, going from under a leaky ceiling to under a downpour.) . Things don’t start at full blast. (Literally, “Dancing begins ina slow movement.” ig beg . Beware of greedy people. (Literally, “Don’t show a beggar where you live-”) . You want what you can’t have. (Literally, “Bverything prohibited is desired.”) An absent person has his excuse. (Said when someone has not arrived when expected. Literally, “A person on the road has an excuse.”) 60 EASTERN ARABIC HI Pree ieee Reece Lesson Seventeen: Syrian Proverbs (translations) . The cobbler’s children have no shoes. (Literally, “The cobbler is barefoot and the weaver is naked.”) . Too many cooks spoil the broth. (Literally, “Too many hands burn the food.”) . Family disagreements are from the family itself. (Literally, “Worms in vinegar are produced by it [vinegar].”) . Like a fish out of water. (Literally, “resembles the stake-like stopper of a fountain.”) . Asingle hand cannot clap. . To be content with a safe escape. (Literally, “He wants his basket empty without grapes.”) . Like a beetle in a cup. (Used when too much effort is exerted to no avail.) . You reap what you sew. . “More generous than Hatim,” a legendary generous man who lived before the rise of Islam. . Like father, like son, (Literally, “A son is the secret of his father.”)