Chemical Technology Lecture 2

Hydroclhloric Acid Industry

Dr. Abhi Mukherjee

Department of Chemical Engineering

Contai Polytechnic

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Dr. Abhi Mukherjee (Department of Chemical EngineeringContai
Chemical Technology
Polytechnic)
Lecture 2 1/7
 Outline

1 Introduction

2 Raw material and reactions

3 Process Description

4 Usage of Hydrochloric acid

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Dr. Abhi Mukherjee (Department of Chemical EngineeringContai
Chemical Technology
Polytechnic)
Lecture 2 2/7
 Introduction

Properties and Nature

Hydrochloric acid or muriatic acid is a colorless inorganic chemical system with the formula HCl.
Hydrochloric acid has a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as strongly acidic and can
attack the skin over a wide composition range, since the hydrogen chloride completely
dissociates in an aqueous solution.

Methods for preparation of HCl

Synthesis from hydrogen and chlorine
From salt and sulphuric acid
As a bi-product of chemical process
From incineration of waste organics

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Dr. Abhi Mukherjee (Department of Chemical EngineeringContai
Chemical Technology
Polytechnic)
Lecture 2 3/7
 Raw material and reactions

From salt and sulphuric

Synthesis from hydrogen acid
and chlorine Raw Materials
Raw Materials Common salt, Concentrated
Hydrogen, Chlorine, Fuel. sulphuric acid

Reactions Reactions
H2 + Cl2 = HCl NaCl + H2 SO4 = NaHSO4 + HCl
NaCl + NaHSO4 = Na2 SO4 + HCl

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Dr. Abhi Mukherjee (Department of Chemical EngineeringContai
Chemical Technology
Polytechnic)
Lecture 2 4/7
 Synthesis from hydrogen and chlorine

Figure: Production of HCl from H2 and Cl2

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Dr. Abhi Mukherjee (Department of Chemical EngineeringContai
Chemical Technology
Polytechnic)
Lecture 2 5/7
 From salt and sulphuric acid

Figure: Production of HCl from NaCl and H2 SO4

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Dr. Abhi Mukherjee (Department of Chemical EngineeringContai
Chemical Technology
Polytechnic)
Lecture 2 6/7
 Usage of Hydrochloric acid

Pickling of steel
Production of organic compounds
Production of inorganic compounds
pH control and neutralization
Regeneration of ion exchangers

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Dr. Abhi Mukherjee (Department of Chemical EngineeringContai
Chemical Technology
Polytechnic)
Lecture 2 7/7