Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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9009273 O O O L O O O 202
ANSI C39.3-1976
Secretariat
Scientific Apparatus Makers Association
Published by
Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent to the
American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018.
This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by American National Stan-
dards Committee on Electrical Measuring Instruments, C39. Committee approval of the standard
does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time it
approved this standard, the C39 Committee had the following members:
R. F. Estoppey, Chairman
J. E. French, Secretary
Contents PAGE
1.Scope and Purpose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.ShockMethodI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Theory of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4 Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.ShockMethodII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.1 Shock Machine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.3 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
5.Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Tables
Table 1 Spring Constants K and Thicknesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Table 2 Bill of Materiais . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Figures
Fig . 1 Shock-Testing Mechanism for Electrical Indicating Instruments - General
Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fig. 2 Instrument Mounting Fixture Assembly and Details - Section A-A . . . . . . . 12-13
Fig. 3 Instrument Mounting Fixture Assembly and Details - Section B-B . . . . . . . 14-15
Fig. 4 Carriage Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Fig . 5 Base Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Fig . 6 Carriage Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-19
Fig. 7 Main Frame Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-21
Fig. 8 Typical Calibration Curves for a Spring Having a Constant K of 5250 Pounds
perInch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Fig. 9 Tolerances for Half-Sine Shock Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Fig . 1O Tolerance Limits for Measuring System Frequency Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Fig. 11 Shock-Test Fixture and Clamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1 . Scope and Purpose 2.2 Theory of Operation. When the carriage carrying
the instrument under test is dropped from a pre-
1.1 The purpose of this standard is to establish tests determined height so as to cause the spring to strike
and procedures by which the structural integrity and the stationary curved anvil at a single contact, the
performance of electrical indicating instruments when kinetic energy is assumed to be absorbed by the
subjected to moderately severe shocks can be deter- spring. The kinetic energy of the carriage, which had
mined. been transformed from the potential energy of the
raised carriage, equals the potential energy of the
1.2 Shock tests may be conducted using either one of
spring. At the instant of maximum spring deflection,
the two alternative methods described in this standard.
the upward force exerted by the spring gives the max-
Both methods as developed yield approximately equal
imum acceleration to the mass of the carriage and its
shocks.
load. Eliminating the displacement between the two
1.3 Method I provides a standard laboratory means equations formed by equating the energies and by
of creating reproducible shocks by defining the machine, equating the forces yields the following equation for
shown in Fig. 1 through 7, on which the shock tests are the nominal value of acceleration:
performed. This method, with test fature modifi-
cations, accommodates instruments up to 4 inches in
_-
Q
width. ¿?
1.4 Method II provides a standard laboratory means of
where
creating reproducible shocks by defining the half-sine
a/g = nominal value of acceleration, gravity units
shock pulse waveform shown in Fig. 9. This method
h = height from which the carriage dropped, inches
accommodates instruments up to 10 inches in width.
K = spring constant, pounds per inch of deflection
NOTE: This shock-testing procedure is intended to be applica- w = weight of carriage and load, pounds
ble to electrical analog indicating instruments of the type
covered by American National Standard Requirements for The preceding equation assumes that all the energy
Electrical Analog Indicating Instruments,C39.1-1972, but
may be applicable to other types of electrical indicating
is absorbed by the spring in quasi-static condition, that
instruments. none is dissipated in elastic vibrations of the spring or
the structure, and that no yielding takes place in any
other part of the mechanism or in the structure on
2. Shock Method I which the shock tester is mounted.
It is known that the foregoing hypotheses are not
2.1 General. The shock-testing mechansim is shown in attainable, but, by standardization of the design,
Fig. 1 (see the bill of materials in Table 2). The main reproducible results will be obtained in the various
structure consists of a heavy metal base to which iron laboratories using these shock testers.
upright channels are securely bolted. The tops of the
channels are secured together by means of a top chan- 2.3 Use.In the use of the mechanism, the instru-
ael, which also supports rods t o guide the movable ment under test is rigidly mounted on the movable
instrument carriage. The other ends of the guide rods carriage, with the standard mounting fatures shown
are screwed into the base. A stiff calibrated spring in Fig. 2 and 3. The carriage is then raised to the
is mounted resiliently on the underside of the movable height necessary for obtaining the desired acceleration.
carriage. The carriage fyrture includes helical compres- The carriage is now ailowed to fall and is caught by
sion springs sufficiently strong to hold the calibrated the hand on the first rebound. This gives a single shock
spring in contact with the effective cylindrical bearings. of a calculated value in gravity units. A clamping
free fall, resilient rebound, nomesilient, hydraulic Adjust the system gain to a convenient value. Main-
compressed gas, or other activated types. tain a constant input voltage and sweep the input fre-
3.1.1 Shock-Machine Calibration. The actual test quency over the range of 0.5 to 7000 Hz. The fre-
item or a dummy load, which may be either a rejected quency response in terms of the ratio
item or a rigid dummy mass, may be used to cali-
readout voltage (at any frequency)
brate the shock machine. When a rigid dummy mass is
readout voltage (at 100 Hz)
used, it shall have the same center of gravity and the
same mass as that of the test item and shail be installed shall be within the limits given in Fig. 10.
in a manner similar to that intended for the test item. 3.2.2 Transducer. The fundamental resonant fre-
The shock machine shall then be calibrated for con- quency of the accelerometer shail be greater than
formance with the specified waveform. Two con- 30 O00 Hz when the accelerometer is employed as the
secutive shock applications to the calibration load shall shock sensor.
produce waveforms that fall within the tolerance 3.2.2.1 Transducer Calibration. Transducers shall
envelope given in Fig. 9. The calibration load shall then be calibrated in accordance with American National
be removed, and the shock test shall be performed on Standard Methods for the Calibration of Shock and
the actual test item. If all conditions other than the sub- Vibration Pickups, S2.2- 1959 (R1976). The accuracy of
stitution of the test item for the calibration load remain the calibration method shall be at least f 5% over the
the same, the calibration shall then be considered to frequency range of 2 to 5000 Hz. At any frequency
have met the requirements of the waveform. within the range of 4 to 5000 Hz, the amplitude
response (that is, acceleration versus voltage output)
NOTE: It is not implied that the waveform generated by the of the transducer being calibrated shall be within f 5%
shock machine will be the same when the actual test item is of the value at any other frequency within that range.
used instead of the calibration load; however, the resulting
waveform should be comparable to the waveform with the 3.2.2.2 Linearity. The signal level of the system
calibration load. shall be chosen so that the acceleration pulse operates
over the linear portion of the system.
3.2.2.3 Transducer Mounting. When confor-
3.2 Instrumentation. In order to meet the tolerance
mance to 3.2.3 is required, the monitoring transducer
requirements of the test procedure, the instrumenta-
shall be rigidly secured and located as near as possible
tion used to measure the input shock shall have the
to an attachment point of the specimen, but not on the
characteristics specified in 3.2.1 and 3.2.2.
specimen itself.
3.2.1 Frequency Response Measurements
3.2.3 Application of Shock-Measuring Instrumenta-
3.2.1.1 Complete Instrumentation. The trans-
tion. Shock-measuring instrumentation shall be util-
ducer-amplifier-recording system can be calibrated
ized to determine that the correct input shock pulse is
by subjecting the transducer to sinusoidal vibrations
applied to the test specimen. Generally, the shock
of known frequencies and amplitudes for the required
pulse should be monitored whenever there is a change
ranges so that the overall sensitivity curve can be ob-
in the test setup, such as a different test fucture, dif-
tained. The sensitivity curve, normalized to be equal
ferent component (change in physical characteristics),
to unity at 100 Hz, should then fall within the limits
different weight, different shock pulse (change in
given in Fig. 10.
pulse shape, intensity, or duration), or different
3.2.1.2 Auxiliary Equipment. If the calibration
shock-machine characteristics. It is not mandatory
factors taken for the accelerometer are such that
that each individual shock be monitored, provided
when used with the associated equipment the trans-
that the repeatability of the shock application, as
ducer will not affect the overall frequency response,
specified in 3.1.1, has been established.
then the frequency response of only the amplifier-re-
3.2.4 Shock Pulse. A half-sine shock pulse is speci-
cording system may be determined. This shall be deter-
fied. The pulse shape and tolerance are shown in Fig. 9.
mined in the following manner: Disconnect the acceler-
The velocity change of the pulse shall be within
ometer from the input terminals ofits amplifier. Connect
f 10% of the velocity change of the desired shock pulse.
a signal voltage source to these terminals. The impedance
The velocity change may be determined (1) by direct
of the signal voltage source as seen by the amplifier shall
measurement, (2) indirectly, or (3) by integrating,
be made the same as the impedance of the accelero-
graphically or electrically, the area under the measured
meter and associated circuitry as seen by the amplifier.
acceleration pulse. The graphical representation of the
With the frequency of the signal voltage set at 100 Hz,
acceleration pulse may be a best fit curve. The dura-
adjust the magnitude of the voltage to be equal to
tion of the measured pulse shall be taken as
the product of the accelerometer sensitivity and the
acceleration magnitude expected during test conditions. D , =D(O.IA)/0.94
a
where D(O.1A) is the time between points at 0.1A for 3.3.2 Basic Test. The half-sine test pulse shall be in
the best fit representation of the measured acceleration accordance with Fig. 9 and shall have a duration of
pulse. 7 milliseconds arid a peak value of acceleration of 50
An ideal half-sine acceleration puise is given by the gravity units. The number of shocks and the direction
solid curve in Fig. 9. The measured acceleration pulse of application shall be as specified in the component
must lie within the boundaries given by the dashed specification.
lines. In addition, the actual velocity change of the
shock must be within k 10%of the ideal velocity
change. The actual velocity change can be determined
by direct measurements or from the area under the 4. Measurements
measured acceleration curve. The ideal velocity change
is equal to Vi = 2AD/n, where A is the acceleration Measurements shall be made before and after the re-
amplitude andD is the pulse duration of the ideal pulse. quired number of shocks unless otherwise specified,
3.3 Procedure and during the test if specified.
3.3.1 General. The test instruments shall be mounted
as specified in the component specification using the
fmtures as shown in Fig. 11.
5. Summary
NOTE: Materiais for shock machines and clamps are made of
malleable iron casting.
The following details shall be provided in the individual
Alternate furtures may be used, provided that any specifications:
change in shock characteristics is negligible. Whenever (1) Mounting method and accessories (see 2.3 or
possible, the test load shall be distributed uniformly 3.2.2.3 and 3.3)
on the test platform in order to minimize the effects of (2) Measurements before, during, and after the test
unbalanced loads. Adapter plates, when used, must be (see Section 4)
0.25 inch thick and must be doweled to the furture to (3) The number of shocks and directions in which
prevent any movement under shock. applied
3 0
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Fig. 1
Shock-Testing Mechanism for Electrical Indicating Instruments - General Assembly
10
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9009273 O O O L O L 5 733
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD C39.3-1976
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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD C39.3-1976
16
= 9009273 O O O L O L 7 506
17
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COPYRIGHT American National Standards Institute
Licensed by Information Handling Services
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD C39.3-1976
FRAME
STEEL- HOT ROLLED
I REQUIRED
GRIND EDGES
FL H b MACH SCRE
4 HOLES
TEST PLATE
NOTES:
(1) All dimensions are in inches.
(2) See Table 2 for bill of materials.
Fig. 6
Carriage Details
(Continued on next poge)
18
9009273 O O O L O L 9 387
+ 2 4
O BRACE
31 STEEL- HOT ROLLED
2 REQUIRED
SIDE PLATE
2 HOLES 7
O POINTER
33 STEEL- STAINLESS 1;2
I REQUIRED
I
NO. I3 (0.031)
SPRING
g5
9
GRIND ENDS FLAT
HOLDING BOLT
DEVELOP FROM S T O $ - 2 8 X 2
NOTES:
(i) All dimensions are in inches
(2) See Table 2 for bill of materials
Fig. 6 - Conthued
19
DRILL-
7 HOLES
i
1
I
1 1
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L t
1
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3
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J-
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1
I
L
-i
8
I
SCALE ä 2 f H I C K
O I
SIDE CHANNEL
STEEL-HOT ROLLED
I REQUIRED
O2
SIDE CHANNEL
STEEL-HOT ROLLED
I REQUIRED
O
3 STAINLESS STEEL
I REQUIRED
NOTE: SCALE TO BE
GRADUATED IN TENTHS
OF AN INCH. FILL
BLACK
NOTES:
(1) AU dimensions are in inches.
(2) See Table 2 for biii of materiais.
Fig. 7
Main Frame Details
(Continued on next poge)
20
m 9009273 O O O L O 2 L T37
GUIDE ROD
O4 STEEL
2 REQUIRED
TOP ANGLE
O 8
NOTES:
TOOL STEEL-HARDEN
I REQUIRED
AND DRAW 60-62
ROCKWELL C
Fig. 7 - Continued
21
i5
i2
io
9
8
- 7
-.E
-J
6
-i5
2
o 4
t-
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E 3
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1.5
20 40 60 80 io0 i20
NOMINAL ACCELERATION IN GRAVITY UNITS (9)
Fig. 8
Typical Calibration Curves for a Spring Having a
Constant K of 5250 Pounds per Inch
22
m 9009273 0001023 B O T m
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD C39.51976
Vi=2AD/n
Y =vi ?IO%
NOTE: The oscillogram should include a time about 3 0 long with the pulse located approximately in the center. The integration
to determine velocity change should extend from 0.40 before the pulse to 0.1D beyond the pulse. The acceleration amplitude
of the ideal half-sine pulse is A, and its duration is D. Any measured acceleration pulse that can be contained between the dashed-
line boundaries is a nominal half-sine pulse of nominal amplitude A and nominal duration D.The velocity change associated with
the measured acceleration pulse is V.
Fig. 9
Tolerances for Half-Sine Shock Pulse
Fig. 10
Tolerance Limits for Measuring System Frequency Response
23
fi?.
i -
..; 3'
9009273 O O O L O 2 4 74b N
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD C39.3-1976
.2 SLOTS
0 . 3 7 5 DIA HOLE
0.719
1.000
b0.625
0.250-
-7-
f
0.938
t I
1 -
O. I88
I
I i
L
I
I
0.313
0.938
+
f0.188
E MOUNT INSTRUMENTS ON THIS FACE ONLY.
DASHED L I N E S OF CUTOUT ARE REPRESENTATIVE
ONLY. SIZE AND LOCATION OF CUTOUTS AND
ADAPTER PLATES WHEN USED ARE TO SUIT m
- O.750
INSTRUMENT TO B E TESTED.
Fig. 11
Shock-Test Fixture and Clamps
24