ee EE REPRODUCED BY THE STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA BY PERMISSION OF THE BRITISH AIR MINISTRY AND HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, MINISTRY OF SUPPLY D.T.D 560 Crown Copyright Reserved April, 1949 Aircraft Material Specification RUBBER PARTS FOR USE WITH AVIATION FUEL NOTE 1—This specification is one of a series issued by the Ministry of Supply either to meet a limited require- ‘ment not covered by any existing British Standard Specification, or to serve as a basis for inspection of materials the properties and uses of which are not suficiently developed to warrant submission tothe British Standards Institution ‘for standardisation. NOTE 2—This specification ts intended to cover the general properties of rubber materials resistant to aviation Fuels having aromatic hydrocarbon content of up to 35 per cent., but not containing special additives. Materials in four different hardness ranges (Grades A, B, C and D), each of which may be supplied in any three qualities (P, Q and R) having different degrees of fucl resistance are covered by this specification ‘The grade and quality necded must, therefore, be quoted on the order or relevant drawings, so that a full ment of requirements will for example read :—Rubber to Specification No. D.T.D. 560, Grade A, Quality ©. NOTE 3.—This specification is not intended to cover fabric reinforced mouldings made from rubber-proofed jabric, in which the fabric forms the major part of the moulding. It does, however, cover those mouldings in which the fabric veinforcentent does not form the bulk of the mnulding. NOTE 4.—Excepi where otherwise stated the methods of testing shall be described in British Standard No. 903, 1940, Methods of Testing Vulcanised Rubber. Section 1. General Requirements. Section 2. Type Approval of Rubber Compound. Section 3. Routine Inspection. SECTION 1 General Requirements 1, Desetiption—The parts shall be made from compounded natural or synthetic rubber or rubberlike material (valcanised, if necessary) which has been type approved in accordance with Section 2. The com- pounded material may be moulded or extruded, and may be reinforced with fabric or other fibrous material, at the option of the Manufacturer and with the approval of the Purchaser, 2. Dimensions. —The dimensions and tolerances of the parts shall be as quoted on the relevant drawings. . 3, Freedom from Defects. —The parts shall be free from surface markings, bubbles, cuts, and other visible . defects likely to impair their Usefulness or life SECTION 2 Type approval of Rubber Compound 4. ‘Type Approval.Before any particular Manufacturer's rubber compound is approved and acceptable for the production of parts complying with this specification, the Manufacturer must satisfy the Director of Acronautical Inspection (NM. 1) that it will meet the appropriate requirements specified in Table (Un certain eases it may not be considered necessary to subject the material for compliance with the requirements of Band D in Table I before type approval is given.) | 5. ‘est Samples.—When applying for approval the Manufacturer shall forward two square feet of sheet rubber material (in pieces } inch thick and not less than 6 inches square, without fabric reinforcement) to the Director of Aeronautical Inspection (LNB. 1)... The test sheets shall be produced from the same rubber compound cured under the same conditions as will be used later for the manufacture of finished parts ‘At the same time as application for approval is made, the Manufacturer shall supply, in duplicate, alist of the compounding ingredients used in the nix. This information will be treated as confidential 6. Tests. —The tests listed in Table I shall be carried out to the satisfaction of the Inspector on test pieces cut from the samples specified in Clause 5. ‘The properties of the material, when determined by the method described in the relevant appendix, shall comply with the requirements also listed in Table 1 SECTION 3 Routine Inspection 7. Routine Inspection.—a) Two parts of each design made from each batch of compounded material shall be selected by the Inspector to represent all the parts of the same design made from the same batch of compounded material. Should any part be too large to test, a representative section of it of suitable size may be tested instead, The samples shall be submitted to-the tests referred to at J in Table 1, and shall comply with the require- ments stated therein. (2) A sample from each batch of compounded and cured material shall be taken and tested for compliance with therequirements of A in Table 1 ‘Acuna erp by ALFRED HENRY PETTIFER, Grrerameat Pete, Syny, ric 1/3 (Aueratin Caran) to 'be pueda Atstlan pce foe te’ Staniads Amosatan 0 Aut.2 D.T.D. 560 (The frequency of the tests in clauses (a) and'(6) above may be modified at the discretion of the Director of Aeronautical Inspection), (c) A sheet sample of rubber, similar to that referred to in Clause 5, shall be prepaid periodically, at a frequency to be decided by the Director of Aeronautical Inspection, depending upon the number, nature and size of the parts being manufactured, and the degree of variability found in production, for submission to the testsat A, E, F, G, H, I, J and-K in Table 1. (It is intended that, if practicable, at least one batch in every ten shall be tested in this way). (@) The Director of Aeronautical Inspection may, at his option, call for any of the tests specified in Table I to be repeated at any time. 8, Release Notes.—The Manufacturer must state on each Release Note that the parts have been made {fom a material identical in all respects with that previously tested and appproved in accordance with ection 2. APPENDIX I Method for the Determination of Chloride and Sulphate Content Five grams of the material, cut into cubes with } in. sides, or squares with } in, sides if the thickness is less ‘han } in. shall be boiled for 1 hour in 100 ml. distilled water in a chemically resistant glass flask fitted with a reflux condenser. After cooling, the chloride and sulphate contents shall be determined by the usual methods, and calculated as percentages of Cl and SO, respectively on the original weight of material extracted. APPENDIX II ‘Method for the Determination of Neutrality Five grams of the material, cut into cubes, with } in. sides, or squares with } in, sides if the thickness is Jess than Fin. shall be boiled for { hour in 100 ml. of carbon dioxide free distilled water in a chemically resistant glass flask fitted with a reflux condenser having a ground glass connection. After cooling in a manner which will prevent ingress of carbon dioxide, the solution shall be made up (if necessary) to 100 ml. by the addition of cold unbuffered carbon dioxide free distilled water. 50 ml. of this solution shall be taken and a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution added. Ifa red colour appears, the solution shall be titrated with N/100 hydrochloric acid until the red colour is destroyed The alkalinity shall then be calculated as the percentage of KOH on the weight of material extracted. If no red colour appears when the phenolphthaleiti is added, a few drops of bromo-cresol green indicator solution shall also be added. If the solution does not turn definitely blue, the material shall be regarded as ‘too acid for acceptance - APPENDIX IIT ‘Method for the ‘Determination of Freedom from Corrosive Sulphur A strip of mechanically potished pure copper foil, approximately 0-5 inch in width and 3 inches in length, shall be taken, and cleaned and polished by means of a pad of cotton wool and No 150 carborundum powder, and shall then’ be rubbed with successive pads of cotton wool until such time as a fresh pad remains unsoiled after having been rubbed on the foil. Tt shall finally be washed with a volatile, sulphur-free solvent, such as ethyl ether, and allowed to dry. Subsequent handling of the strip shall be with clean metal forceps. A sample of the rubber material weighing five grams shall be cut into cubes with } in. sides, or squares with j in. sides if the thickness is less than } in. completely immersed together with the copper test strip in approximately 100 ml. of special test fuel grade RDE/F/75 in‘a loosely-stoppered, clean glass vessel. The ‘vessel and its contents shall be maintained at a temperature of 40°C. + 1°C. for 5 hours. The strip shall then be removed, washed with sulphur-free acetone, and compared with a similar strip of freshly polished copper. A blank determination shall be run using a duplicate sample of fuel but no rubber in order to confirm: that ‘the fuel itself is free from contamination with corrosive sulphur, APPENDIX IV Method for the Determination of Long Term Fuel Resistance A test piece (approximately 2 inches x 1 inch) cut from a sheet of the material shall be taken and com- pletely immersed in 20 to 25 times its own volume of special test fuel grade RDE/F/75 contained in a vessel having a tightly fitting ground glass stopper, and maintained in the dark at a temperature of 40°C. 4. 1°C, After immersion for a period of 80 days, the sample shall be removed from the fuel and subjected to gentle handling, bending, and rubbing, to detect whether there are any signs of disintegration APPENDIX V ‘Method for the Determination of Phosphate Content Weigh out a Ig. sample of the finely divided rubber into a Kjeldahl flask and add 20-25 mi. of con- centrated sulphuric acid. Digest over a small flame until the rubber has completely disintegrated and a brown fluid remains.’ Cool and add, cautiously, 5 ml. of concentrated nitric acid. Heat gently until the liquid becomes a pale straw colour and evaporate to thick white fumes. (A second addition of nitric acid may be necessary to decolorize the liquid sufficiently), * It is pointed out that a minimum pH value of about 4.8 is intended. 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Make upto 100 ml. ina measuring flask. Determine the phosphate content of this solution colorimetically, and calculate as percentage of PO, on the original weight of material taken. APPENDIX VI ‘Method for the Determination of Resistance to Tropical Ageing Four dumb-bells cut from the test sheet shall be suspended for twenty-cight days in a cabinet through which air is continously circulated at not less than 95 per cent, relative humidity and at a temperature of 40°C. £1°C. After removal from the cabinet they shall be heated to 55° C. 4 1°C. for halfan hour, allowed to cool ta room temperature, and their tensile strengths determined on the same day. For comparision the tensile strengths of four unaged dumb-bells shall be determined after they have been similarly heated to 55°C. and allowed to cool. APPENDIX VII ‘Method for the Determination of Resistance to Accelerated Ageing Four dumb-bells cut from the test sheet shall be aged in an oven for 150 hours as described in B.S. 903— latest issue. At the conclusion of the pperiod the specimens shall be removed from the oven and eus- pended for 24 hours at a temperature of 15° C. to 20° C., shielded from direct sunlight, and the tensile strengths determined. APPENDIX VIII ‘Method for the Determination of Resistance to Swelling in Fuels A sample component, or test piece (approximately 2inches x 1 inch) cut from a sheet of material shall be taken. Tt shall be weighed in air to the nearest 1 mg. (WI), then in distilled water at a temperature of 20°C. + 2°C. to the nearest 1 mg. (W2), and then dipped quickly into ethyl alcohol and blotted with dry filter paper. The sample shall next be immersed completely in 20 to 25 times its own volume of special test fuel grade R.D.E,/F/75 contained in a bottle having a tight fitting ground glass stopper, and the whole maintained at a ‘temperature of 40° C. +: 1° C., for 48 hours in the absence of light. At the end of this period the sample shall be removed from the hot fuel, cooled to room temperature by immersion for 30 minutes in a fresh portion of the same test fuel at room temperature, and then removed from the fuel, dipped in ethyl alcohol, blotted with dry filter paper, and placed in a tared weighing bottle and weighed (W3). After weighing it shall be removed from the weighing bottle and immediately weighed in distilled water at a temperature of 20°C, + 2°C. (W4). The time taken for each transference in the above cycle shall not exceed 30 seconds. ‘The percentage change in volume after fuel immersion shall be calculated from the formula :— ‘The samples from the above test shall then be'' dried ’ at a temperature of 100° C. to 105° C. for 18 hours, cooled to room temperature, and reweighed in air (WS) and in distilled water at a temperature of 20°C. -4. 2 C. (WE), The percentage change in volume after immersion and ‘drying’ shall then be calculated from the formula :- (w5—We)—(wi—w2) (Wwi—w2) x 100. APPENDIX IX ‘Method for the Determination of Resistance to Low Temperature A strip of sheet material, 6 inches x 1 inch, shall be immersed in special test fuel grade R.D.E./F/75 in a closed glass container for 48 hours at room temperature If swollen, itshall then berecut to6 inches x1 inch, and fixed in two grips so that the specimen lies in one plane with 5 inches exposed between the grips. The clamped specimen shall be placed vertically in a vessel about 3 inches. diameter containing RD.E,/F/75 fuel, maintained at a temperature of minus 60°C. ++ 2°C. by means of solid carbon dioxide, so that the sampleis completely immersed. After remaining for 30 minutes in the fuel the distance between the grips shall be reduced by 1 inch in 20 seconds, by moving one grip directly towards the other and in the same Plane. The test piece shall then be examined visually for cracks. A suitable apparatus is shown in Figure 1. It consists of a back plate carrying two clamps fixed to an end stop and a sliding plunger respectively. ‘The plunger carries a head, and a pointer moving over a scale graduated in inches, which is fixed to the back plate so that the pointer is at zero when the undistorted sample 4 clamped in position.4 D.TD. 560 Fic, 1. APPARATUS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE TESTS. LONDON PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE, To be purchased directly from H.M. Stationery Office at the following addresses : York House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2; 13a Castle Street, Edinburgh, 25 39 King Street, Manchester, 2; 2 Edmund Street, Birmingham, 3; 1 St. Andrew’s Crescent, Cardiff; Tower Lane, Bristol, 1; 80 Chichester Strect, Belfast (OR THROUGH ANY BOOKSELLER 1949