Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CANDON CITY
Candon City, Ilocos Sur

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE SOCIETY

AND POLITICS
Quarter 1 -Week 1 - Module 1
Refined by: Ericnel D. Mecos

Lesson Nature, Goals, and Perspectives

in/of Anthropology, Sociology, and
1 Political Science
I. Objectives:
1. Discuss the nature, goals, and perspectives in/of Anthropology, Sociology, and
Political Science.

II. Guide Questions

1. What are the nature, goals, and perspectives in/of Anthropology, Sociology, and
Political Science?

III. Discussion

ANTHROPOLOGY
• Anthropology deals with the scientific study of man.
• It includes the study of when, where, and why humans appeared on earth
• Anthropology came from the word “Anthropos” (Greek) which means “man” and
“Logos” (Greek) which means “study”.
Four main subdivisions/areas of studying Anthropology
1. Physical Anthropology. It is a scientific discipline concerned with the biological and
behavioral aspects of the human being.
2. Archaeology. It is the study of the ancient and recent human past through materials
remains.
3. Cultural Anthropology. It is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural
variation among humans.

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 4. Linguistic Anthropology. It seeks to understand human language, written and non-
written, spoken, and non-verbal.
Goals of Anthropology
1. Patterns of Acceptable Social Behaviors. It develops behaviors and can be transferred
and adapted from one generation to another.
2. Adaptation and Integration. People learn and integrate what they learn into their
culture and traditions.
3. Production of Man-Made Things. The study of man paved the way for the discoveries
of ancient tools and equipment which give the idea of making technologies and
inventions.
4. Human Satisfaction. The members of the society are being aware of the traditions,
cultures, and activities that they may participate in and enjoy.
Perspectives in Studying Anthropology
1. Discovers what all people have in common by studying commonalities in all humanity,
so we could all understand human natures. Examples: folklores, tradition, and language
2. Produce new knowledge and new theories about humankind and human behavior.
Examples: This new knowledge is then attempted to alleviate human challenges.
3. Anthropology challenges individuals to evaluate and criticize their own culture

SOCIOLOGY
• The word Sociology came from a Latin word “Socious means companion or society and
of course “Logos” a Greek word means study.
• It is the study of society and human behavior.
Importance of Society
1. Representation of our Identity. One society gives the value and idea of freedom,
individuality, and distinctiveness to other societies.
2. Social Relationship and Structure. In society, groups, structures, and relationships
are being established and strengthen to maintain norms and avoid conflict.
3. Symbol of Independence. Every society has its boundary, territory, and jurisdiction
hence, independence is being observed.
4. Place for Economic Growth. The establishment of business and other livelihood
activities makes society a better place to live.
Perspective of Sociology
1. Seeing the general in the particular
2. Seeing the strange in the familiar
3. Seeing society in our everyday lives.
4. Seeing our personal life as part of the changing societal, and even global process.

POLITICAL SCIENCE
• From the Greek words “polis” means a city-state and “ciencia” or “scire”, which means
science or to know.

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 • Focused on political processes and practices of the government.
Perspectives of Political Science
1. Knowledge-Based. It provides the students the knowledge and understanding of a
government, with all its component curricula like public law, political theory, public
administration, political philosophy, and political dynamics.
2. Competence-Based. Inculcates the objectives and underlying principles of the state
that should be abided by by the officials and its citizens.
3. Skills Based. It prepares the students for a future career path, be it in the legal
profession, government service, politics teaching, and awareness of the importance of
their government and its impact on their own lives and plans.
Goal of Political Science
The goal of studying Political Science is to know and be aware of the organization,
collective decision, power and distribution of resources, public affairs, and consensus being
implemented by the government and being participated by the people

IV. Examples
Areas of Anthropology Examples
Physical Anthropology Human evolution (fossils of man)
Archaeology Materials’ remains (heritage, antiques)
Cultural Anthropology Traditions, beliefs, religions
Linguistic Anthropology Studying languages (English, Filipino)

Situational examples of applying the sociological perspectives:

1. Common sense is used in different situations to address problems. It helps us to assess
the truth of the community-held assumption.
2. Prompts us to assess both the opportunities and the constraints that characterize our
lives. Helps us empower to participate actively in our society especially in solving
social issues like teenage pregnancy, drug addiction, and poverty.
3. Social interaction helps us recognize the human variety and confront the challenges of
living in a diverse world.
Situational examples of applying the political perspectives:
1. The knowledge and understanding of politics can be used in democratic practices like
during the election of officers in school as well as in electing leaders of the
community and the country as well.
2. Political perspectives can be used if you have plans on becoming a politician.

V. Generalization
The nature, perspectives, and goals of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science
developed the understanding of the people about the society. These studies paved the way for
the development of societies and the development of how people govern, interact and be aware
of the histories of humans.

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VI. Exercises (Note: Please detached this part for checking and recording. Only this part
will be submitted. Thank you.)

Name: _____________________________________ Date: _____________

Grade Level and Section: ______________________ Score: ____________

Activity: MY POINT!
Directions: Think at least three benefits of studying the nature, goals, and perspectives of
Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science to you as a student. Limit your
essay to 3-5 sentences only.

SOCIAL SCIENCES BENEFITS

ANTHROPOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY

POLITICAL SCIENCE

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Rubrics for Essay
Criteria 5 4 3
Sufficiently
Very well-developed Limited content with
developed content
content with inadequate
Content with adequate
adequate elaboration elaboration and
elaboration and
and explanation explanation
explanation
Gives some No new information
Organization and Very informative
information but is and poorly
Additional Ideas and well-organized
not organized organized
Few errors are Many errors are
Free from errors
observed (grammar, observed (grammar,
(grammar, spelling,
Mechanics spelling, and spelling, and
and sentence
sentence sentence
construction)
construction) construction)

VII. Answer Key:

someone plans to be a politician or leader.

Political Science: The ideas and concepts will be used in the future especially when

Sociology: To be aware of the proper behaviors and manners in socializing to people.

These learnings will give the idea of appreciating life.

Anthropology: To have an idea on when, where, and how people developed over time.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS:

VIII. References

Balena, Ederlina D. 2016. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City:
Educational Resource Corporation.
Mangiduyos, Gladys P. 2017. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Sampaloc,
Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.
Marquez, Leander P. 2018. Understanding Culture, Society and Politics. Quezon City: C & E
Publishing Inc.

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