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Utilities

CO2 Plant
CO2 is generated during fermentation of beer. Some of this CO2 remains dissolved in the beer.
The rest is released and is collected, purified and used in the filtration and packaging of the beer.

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 . Utilities

 Foam trap / Foam separator/

Foam trap can be either vertical or horizontal vessels which cooled water directed spray nozzles
to knock down any foam that may carry over foam the fermentation vessels . In BGI vertical
foam separator is used and the water get cooled through heat exchanger by glycol .

 Scrubber / Gas washer/

Prior to compression, the low pressure Co2 must pass through a counter flow water scrubber to
remove water soluble impurities such as ethanol

 CO2 compressor
The main co2 compressor is two stage unit design to handle wet co2. The first stage compression
will compress the co2 by 2.5 up to 3 bar and the second stage will compress up to 17 bar .

 Gas balloon

This balloon is used to store co2 at fermenter pressure. This system has the advantage that the
main co2 compressors operate at 100% capacity on an on off basis. this provides highest
efficiency for operation of the compressors . But the gas balloon requires more space than the
booster compressor system and larger diameter piping from fermenting through to the co2
compressors.

 CO2 deodorizer and drier

The high pressure CO2 is passed through a twin tower activated carbon purifier / deodorizer and
dryer to ensure that the CO2 is suitably purified for food grade usage and dried prior to
condensing regeneration is accomplished in the offline tower using hot air or purge gas.

 CO2 condenser

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The deodorizer and dried high pressure CO2 is now suitable for condensing using CO2
condenser . For BGI using ammonia as their prime refrigerant , a cascade ammonia condenser
system is required to ensure that CO2 can not leak in to the main plant ammonia system resulting
in the precipitation of solid ammonium carbonate which is destructive to the system.

 CO2 Stripping reboiler

Conventional CO2 recovery system require the CO2 from the fermenter to be at least 99.7%
volume CO2 . to reach this concentration the fermenter must be vented for at least 24 hours prior
to switching over to collection.
The addition of CO2 liquid striping and reboiler will strip oxygen from the liquid allowing the
fermenter to be switched.

 Liquid CO2 storage tanker

CO2 gas takes more space rather than its liquid form and CO2 gas is 1.5 times heavier than air,
the liquid CO2 tank present serious , possibly fatal safety risk in the event of major leak.
Therefore liquid CO2 storage tanks are recommended to be located outside and away from areas
of possible impact.
In the event that liquid storage tank must be located inside it must be enclosed in a separate
room.

 CO2 vaporizer
High CO2 usage rates require the addition of a vaporizer provide the necessary heat source to
vaporize the liquid.

Water Treatment Plant

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BGI used ground water to fulfill the desired amount of water in its production steps in the
company compound. Ground water is part of the water which pre calottes in to the ground.

Borehole Raw water Sand filter

tanker

Chlorinated
tanker

Softener RO 1 RO 2 Cleaning

Blend tanker Permit tanker

ACF 3 AND 4 ACF 1 AND 2

GAF Filter GAF Filter

Production
Production

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 . Utilities

 Borehole
It is where the water originated from underground, BGI has four bore hole source of water those
are bore hole 11, 12, 13 and 14. All this different pipe sources will align in one pipe .

 Raw water tanker

This tanker will receive water from those bore hole pipes, But before it gets in this tanker the
water will get the dosage of chlorine from the mixture of HCL and NaCLO2 .

 Sand filter
It is a whole tanker filtration system that removes hardness causing calcium and magnesium
minerals from the water through a process called ion exchange. A water softener addresses one
of the most prevalent and devastating water problems.

 Reverse osmosis / RO/

It is a water purification process that uses partially permeable membrane to separate ion ,
unwanted molecules and large particles from the water. The result is that the solute is retained on
the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure solvent is allowed to pass to the other side .
But here in BGI before the water gets in the membrane it will get the dosage of metabisulphate to
remove the chlorine which could cause a hazard in the membrane ,it also get a dosage of chlorine
after it gets out of the membrane to keep the water healthy .

 Active carbon filter /ACF/

It removes impurities and contaminants through the chemical process of adsorption. It means that
contaminants are attracted to the surface of the activated carbon and held on it, much the same
way a magnet attracts and holds iron fillings. Carbon filters also act as a catalyst to change the
chemical composition of some contaminants.

 Gaf filter
It is used to screen out the carbon if they get passed from the active carbon filter tanker.

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 . Utilities

Cooling plant

Condenser
Low T
High P

Oil separator

High T
High P

Compressor Oil cooler Expansion

Valve

Low T
Low P
Oil pump

High T
Low P
Evaporator

Glycol tanker Glycol tanker

-1c -5 c

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 Evaporator
The main job of the evaporator coil is to cool the refrigerant so that it can be absorb the heat . As
the fan blows air over the coil , the refrigerant becomes cold and turns in to a vaporous state.
Glycol will get through this to cool down up to -5 degree celicus .

 Compressor
It compresses the ammonia gas the compressed gas heats up as it is pressurized. The coil on the
back of the refrigerator let the hot ammonia gas despite its heat . The ammonia gas condenses in
to ammonia liquid at high pressure .

 Condenser
The purpose of condenser is to receive the high pressure gas from the compressor convert this
gas to a liquid . it does it by heat transfer , or principle that heat will always move from a warmer
to cooler substance .

 Expansion valve
It removes pressure from the liquid refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a
liquid to a vapor in the evaporator . the high pressure liquid refrigerant entering the expansion
valve is quite warm.

 Oil separator
It is engineered to remove excess gases ( air and the gases that are mixed in the oil ) from the oil
before it enters the combustion chamber , the introduction of extra gases in to the combustion
chamber

 Glycol
Why we use glycol to cool the beer because glycol can stay at its liquid state up to -5 degree
celicus .

Waste water treatments

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 . Utilities

Brew house Filling

line

Primary screen

Grit removal

Influent pit

Static screen

Equalization tanker

Burn

PH Correction tanker

Anaerobic reactor
Biogas torch
CH4

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Re aeration tanker
 . Utilities

Waste water treatment

There are two types of waste water treatments . anaerobic and aerobic waste water treatment ,
Aerobic waste water treatment is a biological process that takes place in the presence of oxygen ,
since anaerobic treatment is preferred when the dissolved organic concentration of untreated
waste water are high , aerobic treatment is often used as a secondary treatment process and
follows an aerobic stage.
Here in BGI Ethiopia anaerobic process is used as it follows.

 Primary screen
The incoming waste water passes through screening equipment where objects such as rags, wood
fragmented , plastics and grease are removed . The material removed is washed and pressed and
disposed of in a land fill . The screened waste water is then pumped to the next step .

 Girt removal
In this step heavy but fine material such as sand and gravel is removed from the waste water .
this material is also disposed of in landfill.

 Influent pit tanker

Influent is water , waste water or other liquid flowing in to a reservoir , basin treatment plant or
treatment process . Infrastructure in the waste water treatment industry refers to the expansive
network of reservoir , plants and pipes above and below ground that provides process which is
maintaining the PH, temperature and conductivity of the water and treats the water .

 Static screen
It is specially indicated for solids separation the static sieve for the separation of suspended
solids inside liquids. The separation is accomplished in fast way with out energy support , with
almost absolute absence of maintenance and in condition that make easier than in any other
system the transportation of these solids . Because they come out already dripped.
Which filterize fibrous and non greasy solids.

 Equalization tanker
For this waste water treatment plants refer to a holding tank that allows for flow to be equalized
over 8 hours

 PH correction tanker
This tanker used to maintain PH value , if the PH is less than 6 soda (alkaline solution) will be
added and if the PH is greater than 7.5 HCL (acidic solution) will be added .

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Anaerobic reactor

It is a biological process where microorganism degrade organic contaminates in the absence of

oxygen , this technology are typically deployed for streams with high concentration of organic
material .
The bacteria inside the tanker will eat any impurities in the water . and they also generate
methane which is feed to the biogas process.

 Re aeration tanker
The treated water now in Avery stabilized high quality state is aerated if necessary to bring the
dissolved oxygen up to permit level . after this step the treated water passes through the effluent
outfall where it joints the river

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Air treatment plant

Compressor Compressor Compressor

Air reservoir Air reservoir Air reservoir

Air dryer Air dryer Air dryer

To operation

Air storage tanker

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 Air compressor
It is a pneumatic device that converts power in to potential energy stored in pressurized air by
one of several methods , an air compressor in this plant forces air in to a reservior tank by
filterizing dirt through the system .

 Air reservoir tanker

The primary role of an air receiver tanker is provide temporary storage for compressed air and
minimizing the moisture inside of it .

 Air dryer
A compressed air dryer is a piece of equipment designed to separate water vapour or moisture
from industrial process air .

 Air storage tank

It is located after the air dryer to store compressed air that has already been dried and filtered . It
is ready for the next operations .

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Boiler plant

Permit water tanker

softener softener

Condensate To production

Boiler

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 Permit water tanker

It is where the water comes from to feed the boiler trough some purification process.

 Softener
There are 12 filters to filter the water to make it more distilled for the boiler .

 Condensate
It is the tanker where the water add its temperature higher to be heated to minimize the work of
the boiler .

 Boiler
Boiler is where all the distilled water is changing to steam for the production purpose .

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