Single Bond Universal TPP Cee-la-Apac PDF

3M™ Single Bond
Universal Adhesive
Technical Product Profile
2 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive Technical Product Profile
Table of Contents
Product Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–6
3M™ Single Bond Universal DCA Dual Cure Activator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3M™ Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Summary of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive—
Unique Chemistry Powered by “VMS” Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Mechanism of Adhesion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Total-Etch Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Self-Etch Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9–13
Virtually No Post-Operative Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Internal and External In Vitro Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Adhesion to Dentin and Enamel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–18
Adhesion to Etched Dentin (Moist and Dry Conditions). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19–20
Adhesion to Saliva-Contaminated Enamel and Dentin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Adhesion to Various Indirect Substrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21–23
Marginal Integrity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SEM Images—Dentin Sealing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Bond Strength and Dye Penetration—Veneers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Bond Strength and Dye Penetration—Pit and Fissure Sealants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27–29
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive as a Protective
Coating/Varnish for Glass Ionomer-Based Restorative Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30–31
Bonding Self- or Dual-Cure Composite or Cement Materials
with the 3M™ Single Bond Universal DCA Dual Cure Activator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32–33
System Adhesive for 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive Resin Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34–35
Customer Feedback. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Improved Vial Delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36–37
Overall Satisfaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive Technical Product Profile 3
Product Description
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive is a unique dental adhesive
built on a trusted 3M bonding legacy. It is the single-bottle solution Single Bond Universal
for all surfaces and can be used reliably in total-etch, self-etch or adhesive has a very unique
selective-etch mode for both direct and indirect restorations. It set of properties that include:
provides the flexibility for the clinician to choose one adhesive to use
• Combined total-etch and
independent of their preference of technique. It bonds methacrylate-
self-etch bonding capability
based restoratives, cement and sealant materials to dentin, enamel,
glass ionomer and various indirect restorative substrates (metals, • Uncompromising and
glass ceramics, alumina and zirconia) without an extra primer step. consistent bond strengths
The primary use is with light cured materials—however, when used • High moisture tolerance
in conjunction with a separate activation solution, like 3M™ Single to allow consistent bonding
Bond Universal DCA Dual Cure Activator, it has the capability to also to both moist- and dry-
bond to self- or dual-cure composite and cement materials that rely etched dentin
on self-cure polymerization.
• Virtually no post-op
Single Bond Universal adhesive provides a strong bond to seal the sensitivity in both total-etch
dentin if used in the self-etch or total-etch mode and protects the and self-etch modes
dentin from open tubules and potential sensitivity, or as a method for • Combined primer/adhesive
reducing sensitivity for patients who are already symptomatic. capability to bond to indirect
substrates (metals, zirconia,
The Single Bond Universal adhesive vial incorporates a new
alumina and glass ceramics)
“flip-top” cap design, which allows the user to open and dispense
without a separate primer
with one hand. Unlike the standard black, opaque vial used for most
adhesives that shields the photoinitiator from all ambient light, the • No refrigeration required—
Single Bond Universal adhesive vial has a unique translucent orange 2-year shelf life
color that allows visual inspection of the remaining contents but • Dual-cure capability
yet protects the adhesive by shielding the visible light absorbed with separate dual-cure
by the photoinitiator. activation solution
% Transmission 3M™ Single Bond Universal Vial

3 .5 Photoinitiator Absorbance
3
2 .5
Transmission [%]
1 .5
MPa
1
.5
0
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
- .5
Wavelength [nm]
Figure 1: Light absorption of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive vial.
Source: 3M internal data
The 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive system offers the 3M™ Single Bond Universal DCA Dual
Cure Activator solution as an accessory item. The adhesive can be combined with Single Bond
Universal DCA to allow the capability to bond with self- or dual-cure composite, build-up and cement
materials that rely on the self-cure mechanism to polymerize the material.
Single Bond Universal adhesive is the adhesive/primer to be used with the 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate
Adhesive Resin Cement. For indirect restorations with RelyX Ultimate cement, the activator is not
needed. In contrast to most resin cements, RelyX Ultimate cement is based on an initiator system that
incorporates the activator within the cement.
Single Bond Universal adhesive is compatible with conventional phosphoric acid etchants when
utilizing the selective-etch or the total-etch bonding mechanism. However, 3M is introducing a new
etchant, 3M™ Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant, which can be used when etching dentin or enamel.
Scotchbond Universal etchant is 34% phosphoric acid by weight and provides enhanced handling and
use features. The viscosity and distinct blue color allow for easy, consistent and controlled placement
of the etchant out of the delivery syringe. The blue color also aids in confirmation of complete rinsing
of the etchant from the tooth surface
Indications
• All classes of fillings (according to Black) with composite or compomer
• Cementation of veneers when combined with 3M™ RelyX™ Veneer Cement
• Root surface desensitization
• Sealing of cavities prior to cementation of amalgam restorations
• Sealing of cavities and preparations of tooth stumps prior to temporary cementation of
indirect restorations
• Protective varnish for glass ionomer fillings
• Bonding of pit and fissure sealants
• Intraoral repair of existing composite, porcelain fused to metal and all ceramic restorations
w/o extra primer
• Bonding of dual cure and chemical cure cements, core build-up materials and composites
(with activator)
• Bonding of core build-ups made of composite or core build-up materials
• Repair of composite or compomer fillings
• Cementation of indirect restorations (crowns, inlays) of composite or compomer, ceramic and
metal when combined with RelyX Ultimate cement
Composition
The development of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive is based on trusted existing technologies currently
available in 3M™ Adper™ Scotchbond™ Multi-Purpose Adhesive, 3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive
and 3M™ Adper™ Easy One Self-Etch Adhesive. The table below (Figure 2) shows a comparison of the
compositions for Adper Single Bond 2, Adper Easy One and Single Bond Universal adhesives.
3M™ Adper™ 3M™ Adper™ Easy One 3M™ Single Bond

Single Bond 2 Adhesive Self-Etch Adhesive Universal Adhesive
Adhesiv MHP Phosphate Monomer MDP Phosphate Monomer
Dimethacrylate resins Dimethacrylate resins Dimethacrylate resins
HEMA HEMA HEMA
3M™ Vitrebond™ Copolymer Vitrebond Copolymer Vitrebond Copolymer
Filler Filler Filler
Ethanol Ethanol Ethanol
Water Water Water
Initiators Initiators Initiators
Silane
Figure 2: Chemistry composition comparisons.
Adper Single Bond 2, Adper Easy One and Single Bond

Universal adhesives contain 3M™ Vitrebond™ Copolymer.
Vitrebond Copolymer was first introduced with Scotchbond
Multi-Purpose adhesive. During the development of the
Single Bond Multi-Purpose adhesive system, it was noted
that the bond strengths of other dental adhesive systems
tended to decrease when under varying humidity conditions.
Also during this period, it was noted that 3M™ Vitrebond™
Light Cure Glass Ionomer Liner/Base bond strengths did not
seem to vary to the same degree. It was determined that
incorporating the proprietary copolymer used in Vitrebond
liner/base (now termed the Vitrebond Copolymer) into the
Figure 3: 3M™ Vitrebond™
3M™ Single Bond Multi-Purpose Primer yielded a system
methacrylate-modified polyalkenoic
that was very resistant to the detrimental effects of varying acid copolymer structure.
humidity (Fundingsland et al, 1992). Since then, Vitrebond Source: 3M internal data
Copolymer has also been utilized in 3M™ RelyX™ Luting Plus
Cement, 3M™ Vitremer™ Core Buildup/Restorative, Adper
Single Bond 2 adhesive, Adper Easy One adhesive and now
Single Bond Universal adhesive.
Adper Easy One and Single Bond Universal adhesives
differ from Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive primarily in
the partial replacement of the methacrylate monomers
(UDMA and GDMA) with the phosphorylated methacrylate
monomers (MHP or MDP) to allow the acidity for the
self-etching capability.
When 3M™ Adper™ Easy One Self-Etch Adhesive was developed, it was based on the chemistry of the
3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive formulation and the addition of the phosphorylated monomers to allow
for the self-etching properties. The primary difference between the 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive
and Adper Easy One adhesive is a change in the phosphorylated monomers used in the two systems and
the addition of silane. The Adper Easy One adhesive formulation uses methacryloxyhexyl phosphate (MHP)
where Single Bond Universal adhesive uses methacryloxydecyl phosphate (MDP). The MDP allows for better
adhesion performance to enamel, greater product stability and adhesion to metal and non-glass ceramic
substrates. The addition of the silane allows for adhesion to glass-ceramic surfaces without the need for a
separate primer.
The combination of the Single Bond Universal adhesive components provides for a high degree of conversion
and more hydrophobic properties upon polymerization. Prior to curing and during application, Single Bond
Universal adhesive is hydrophilic for optimum wetting of the tooth structure. After drying and curing, Single
Bond Universal adhesive exhibits a high degree of conversion and is hydrophobic for a long-lasting bond.
This hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of Single Bond Universal adhesive is illustrated in Figure 4. One drop
of water was placed on an uncured adhesive sample of Single Bond Universal adhesive, as shown in the left
photo illustrating the hydrophilic nature of Single Bond Universal adhesive. The photo on the right shows one
drop of water on a light cured sample of Single Bond Universal adhesive illustrating the hydrophobic nature
after curing.
Water
Hydrophilic: Water drop on uncured Hydrophobic: Water drop on cured

3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive. 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive.
Figure 4: Demonstration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
Irrespective of the substrate, Single Bond Universal adhesive exhibits a high degree of conversion at
the interface, as shown in a study by Professor Lorenzo Breschi—University of Trieste, Italy (Figure 5).
Adhesive Substrate Degree of Conversion (%)

Prime & Bond NT™
®
Etched dentin 66a +/-13
3M™ Adper™ Easy One Self-Etch Adhesive Smear layer 92b +/-10
3M™ Adper™ Easy One Self-Etch Adhesive Etched dentin 89b +/-8
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive Smear layer 85b +/-5
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive Etched dentin 83b +/-4
Figure 5: Dr. Lorenzo Breschi, University of Trieste, Italy. Degree of conversion.
Like Adper Single Bond 2 and Adper Easy One adhesives, Single Bond Universal adhesive contains an
ethanol/water-based solvent system. In contrast to acetone, ethanol is less volatile and helps maintain
a consistent viscosity and handling while the product is in use. At the same time, the solvent system of
Single Bond Universal adhesive, in combination with the rest of the formulation, was optimized to avoid
phase separation while the adhesive is applied.
3M™ Single Bond Universal DCA

Dual Cure Activator
The 3M™ Single Bond Universal DCA Dual Cure Activator consists of sodium
toluene sulfinate and ethanol. When the activator is mixed with 3M™ Single
Bond Universal Adhesive, it allows for bonding to self- and dual-curing core
build-up, composite and cement materials that rely on the self-cure
mechanism for polymerizing the material.
3M™ Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant

3M™ Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant is available for the selective enamel-
etch and total-etch placement modes. Single Bond Universal adhesive etchant
superficially demineralizes the enamel and dentin in preparation for bonding.
The etchant is 34% phosphoric acid by weight and has a pH of approximately
0.1. The viscosity of the phosphoric acid gel etchant is modified with fumed
silica and a water-soluble polymer. Scotchbond Universal etchant has a distinct
blue color to assist in complete rinsing away of the etchant in order to avoid
remnants of fumed silica or phosphoric acid on the prepared tooth surface.
Summary of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive—

Unique Chemistry Powered by “VMS” Technology
V 3M™ Vitrebond™ Copolymer
• Provides more consistent bond performance to dentin under varying moisture levels
M MDP monomer instead of MHP

• Monomer that provides self-etching properties
• Higher enamel bond strength
• Higher bond strength to zirconia, alumina, metals
• Higher hydrolytic stability—no refrigeration needed
S Silane
•A
llows the adhesive to chemically bond to glass ceramic surfaces
without using a separate ceramic primer
Ethanol/water-based solvent system

Mechanism of Adhesion
Total-Etch Systems
For total-etch systems (4th and 5th generation), a phosphoric acid etching step is utilized to modify both
the dentin and enamel surfaces to allow penetration of the adhesives into the tooth surfaces and achieve a
mechanical bond. Phosphoric acid is considered a strong acid with an approximate pH of less than 0.5. It is
very effective in dissolving the smear layer and the mineral within the collagen matrix of the dentin and the
mineral of the enamel to expose the prismatic crystal structure. On enamel, the phosphoric acid treatment
allows for very effective and consistent bonding to both the uncut and cut (prepared) surfaces. Dentists
have relied on this high enamel bond integrity to prevent microleakage, marginal degradation and staining.
On dentin, the phosphoric acid treatment completely removes the smear layer, leaving the dentin tubules
open and exposed. The collagen matrix is also demineralized. In this situation, it is imperative to completely
seal the tubules to prevent sensitivity, and, for some systems, the demineralized collagen should be kept
moist to prevent the collapse of the collagen fibers and subsequent reduction in bond strength.
Self-Etch Systems
For self-etch systems (6th and 7th generation), the acidity stems from the addition of acidic monomers.
Typically, these compounds bear carboxylic or phosphoric acid groups and achieve creation of a
mechanical retention pattern by etching the tooth structure and chemical bonding by complex formation
with the calcium ions present at the tooth. Their acidity varies considerably and can be significantly less
than that of phosphoric acid. When applied onto the tooth surface, the acidic adhesive will demineralize
and penetrate into the surface simultaneously. It is not rinsed away to leave the dentin tubules open and
exposed. They remain sealed. The adhesive is then air dried and light cured. On dentin, this has clear
advantages: the danger of overetching, overdrying of the etched dentin and occurrence of post-operative
sensitivity is greatly reduced compared to total-etch adhesives. However, on the enamel surfaces, this
reduced acidity can lead to a less pronounced etch pattern compared to phosphoric acid, especially on
unprepared or uncut surfaces. Therefore, most self-etch adhesive systems require the incorporation of a
separate phosphoric acid etch of these uncut enamel surfaces prior to applying the self-etch adhesives.
Self-etch adhesives with a pH < 2 are classified as “strong” self-etch adhesives, whereas those with a pH >
2 are classified as “mild.” Mild self-etch adhesives are preferred over strong ones because they still provide
for a strong bond to dentin, however their formulations are less hydrophilic and therefore less prone to
undergo hydrolytic degradation, leading to improved shelf life and improved longevity of the restoration.
With the mild self-etch adhesive systems, including 3M™ Adper™ Easy One Self-Etch Adhesive, a
“selective” enamel etch technique is often used and recommended on the enamel (cut and uncut)
surfaces to maximize the adhesion to the more highly mineralized enamel. The dentin is not etched to take
advantage of the self-etch properties on less mineralized dentin, leaving the surface sealed and offering
protection from potential sensitivity.
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive

3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive offers the unique advantage that it can be used in a self-etch mode,
selective enamel-etch mode or in a total-etch mode for both direct and indirect dental restorative procedures
and provides uncompromised and consistent bond strengths. The microscopic images in this section provide
insight into the self-etch, selective-etch and total-etch bonding mechanism of Single Bond Universal adhesive.
Self-Etch Mechanism
The Single Bond Universal adhesive chemistry utilizes phosphorylated monomers in an aqueous solution that
provide acidity and allow the adhesive bond to dentin and cut enamel without the use of a separate phosphoric
acid etching step, which therefore allows it to be considered self-etching. This is the same basic chemistry and
process for 3M™ Adper™ Easy One Self-Etch Adhesive. The self-etching simplifies the technique and provides
protection to the dentin surface to reduce the potential for post-operative sensitivity. Figure 6 shows the distinct
enamel etch patterns of Single Bond Universal adhesive in the self-etch mode. The distinct formation of the hybrid
layer and resin tags of Single Bond Universal adhesive in the self-etch mode is apparent in Figures 7 and 8.
Figure 6: Dr. J. Perdigao, University of Minnesota

School of Dentistry. SEM of 3M™ Single Bond Universal
Adhesive to cut enamel in self-etch mode.
Figure 7: Dr. Bart Van Meerbeek. TEM of 3M™ Single

Bond Universal Adhesive to dentin in self-etch mode.
Figure 8: Dr. Mario de Goes, University of Campinas.

Confocal Laser Scan image of 3M™ Single Bond
Universal Adhesive to dentin in self-etch mode showing
hybrid layer and resin tags.
Selective-Etch Mechanism
The pH of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive is 2.7 and considered to be a mild self-etch adhesive. With
the higher pH of mild self-etch adhesives compared to phosphoric acid, some dentists prefer to still utilize a
phosphoric acid etch on the cut and uncut enamel surfaces. This is commonly referred to as “selective” enamel
etching, which will be supported and recommended with Single Bond Universal adhesive. When incorporating
the “selective enamel etch” with a self-etch adhesive, the etchant is isolated to the enamel, leaving the dentin
intact. Therefore, the clinician can maximize the enamel bond strength and take advantage of the low post-
op sensitivity feature that the self-etch adhesive provides for on the dentin and still achieve a strong bond to
dentin. One concern that a clinician may have with the selective enamel etch is whether they can isolate the
etchant to the enamel and not inadvertently etch the dentin in the process. If this occurs, the adhesive must
properly infiltrate and wet the etched dentin for thorough sealing and to ensure high bonding and sensitivity
prevention. Some self-etch adhesives may have reduced performance when bonding to etched dentin surfaces.
The carefully balanced formulas of both 3M™ Adper™ Easy One Self-Etch Adhesive and Single Bond Universal
adhesive containing the 3M™ Vitrebond™ Copolymer, HEMA and water allow for high and consistent bonding
to etched dentin surfaces, even if the dentin surface is accidentally dried. Numerous adhesion studies have been
conducted to support this, as well as SEM/TEM studies showing that there is a uniform hybrid layer with resin
on moist or dry etched dentin. Together, with the high moisture tolerance and robustness and its high degree
of polymerization at the tooth interface, Single Bond Universal adhesive leads to virtually no post-operative
sensitivity in self-etch and total-etch modes.
Total-Etch Mechanism
Some clinicians prefer to bond to the tooth surface with a total-etch approach where both the enamel and
dentin surfaces are directly etched with the phosphoric acid. Typically after a 15-second application, the
phosphoric acid is then rinsed to remove any residual acid and the dissolved mineral from the enamel and dentin.
This leaves a very well-defined etched enamel surface (Figure 9) and also completely removes the smear layer
from the dentin surface, as well as mineral within the collagen network on the dentin surface. The total-etch
approach allows for a thicker hybrid layer to be formed, which some clinicians prefer. The TEM by Dr. Bart Van
Meerbeek (Figure 10) and the Confocal Laser Scan image by Dr. Mario de Goes (Figure 11) illustrate the well-
defined hybrid layer and resin tags with Single Bond Universal adhesive to dentin in the total-etch mode.
Figure 9: Dr. J. Perdigao, University of

Minnesota School of Dentistry. SEM of
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive Figure 10: Dr. Bart Van Meerbeek. SEM of
interface to etched cut enamel. 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive to dentin
in total-etch mode showing the adhesive film
thickness to be in range of 5–10 microns.
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive 3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive
Figure 11: Dr. Mario de Goes, University of Campinas. Figure 12: Dr. Mario de Goes, University of Campinas.
Confocal Laser Scan image of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Confocal Laser Scan image of 3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2
Adhesive to dentin in total-etch mode. Adhesive to dentin.
This adhesion method can be technique-sensitive for the 5th-generation adhesives due to the fact the
dentin surface must be kept moist after etching to prevent the collapse of the unsupported collagen fiber
network. If kept moist, the collagen network will remain intact and the adhesive can be applied or infiltrated
to form a well-defined hybrid layer along with resin tags within the tubules. If the dentin surface is dried,
the collagen network collapses and does not allow for a proper hybrid layer to be formed with the resin
tags and, thus, results in a reduced and compromised bond to the dentin, which can lead to decreased
performance and an increase in the potential for sensitivity. The primary reason for the technique sensitivity
is that the formulations of the 5th-generation adhesives have limited or no water available to reverse the
collapse of the collagen. Water and other components can act to rehydrate the collagen and allow for the
formation of a proper hybrid layer if the dentin was dried after etching.
As mentioned above, the chemistry of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive that includes water, HEMA and
the 3M™ Vitrebond™ Copolymer allows it to provide high and consistent bond performance to etched enamel
and dentin in the total-etch technique. The unique chemistry will provide consistent performance to etched
dentin whether it is kept moist as recommended or dry. The SEMs of Single Bond Universal adhesive to etched
moist dentin (Figure 13) and etched dry dentin (Figure 14) illustrate the distinct formation of the hybrid layer and
resin tags. This is a major advantage compared to typical 5th-generation or two-step etch-and-rinse systems
that require the dentin surface to be moist or result in reduced bond strength and potential sensitivity if the
dentin surface is dried prior to the application of the adhesive.
Hybrid Layer
Hybrid Layer
Figure 13: Dr. J. Perdigao, University of Minnesota School of Figure 14: Dr. J. Perdigao, University of Minnesota School of
Dentistry. SEM of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive to Dentistry. SEM of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive to
etched moist dentin. etched dry dentin.
The hybrid layer and resin tag formation of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive to moist dentin is similar to a
typical 5th-generation adhesive, however, when a typical 5th-generation adhesive is applied to a dried dentin
surface, the hybrid layer is not visible (Figure 15).
Bonding to Indirect Substrates

Single Bond Universal adhesive utilizes the MDP (methacryloxydecyl phosphate) monomer, as well as
incorporates silane into the chemistry. The MDP monomer has been shown to have the ability to bond to
zirconia and alumina ceramic surfaces as well as to metals. The silane component allows the adhesive to
bond to glass containing ceramic materials used for indirect restorations. These two components will allow
the Single Bond Universal adhesive to be used as a bonding agent to these substrates without the need to
incorporate a separate ceramic or metal primer prior to the placement of the adhesive. This will simplify
the techniques for the intraoral repair of damaged indirect restorations, as well as the priming of indirect
restorations prior to cementation.
Lack of Evident
Hybrid Layer
Figure 15: Dr. J. Perdigao, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry.

SEM of Optibond Solo Plus Adhesive on etched dry dentin.
Virtually No Post-Operative
Sensitivity
Total-Etch
120 dentists from Germany, Great Britain, Italy, France and Switzerland clinically evaluated 3M™ Single
0 .4% of1,544
Bond Universal Adhesive. During the evaluation, dentists placed 3,467 total-etch restorations,
selective enamel-etch restorations and 3,495 self-etch restorations. After evaluating, the dentists
total-etch
completed a questionnaire to report their experience with the use of this product.
restorations
Out of the 120 dentists, only 5 indicated experiencing sensitivity with some patients during the
with post-op
evaluation. The number of patients experiencing sensitivity for the various treatment types were 14
Total number
total-etch, 0 selective-etch and 2 self-etch. Of these 16 cases, the dentists stated that sensitivity
2 were very close
to the pulp, 2 had prior sensitivity and 1 had other issues. of total-etch
restorations:
Based on the feedback from this evaluation, the calculated sensitivity rates for each treatment type is as
3,467
follows: 0.4% for total-etch, 0.0% for selective-etch and 0.06% for self-etch.
Total-Etch Self-Etch
0 .4% of 0 .06% of
total-etch self-etch
restorations restorations
with post-op with post-op
Total number sensitivity Total number sensitivity
of total-etch of self-etch
restorations: restorations:
3,467 3,495
Figure 16: Field evaluation—0.4% post-op Figure 17: Field evaluation —0.06% post-op
sensitivity in total-etch mode. sensitivity in self-etch mode.
Source: 3M internal data Source: 3M internal data
Self-Etch
0 .06% of
self-etch
restorations
with post-op
Total number sensitivity
of self-etch
restorations:
3,495
Internal and External

In Vitro Studies
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive is a very unique and simple-to-use adhesive that offers the dentist the
flexibility to use one single adhesive in a variety of application methods and achieve high and consistent bond
strengths. The data in this section will show that Single Bond Universal adhesive bonds to enamel, dentin, glass
ceramic, zirconia, noble and non-precious alloys and composites without an additional primer. The data will
also show that Single Bond Universal adhesive provides high levels of adhesion to dentin in both the self-etch
mode, if the dentin is accidentally or intentionally etched as a result of the selective- or total-etch process,
and on dentin that has been etched and left moist or dry. Additionally, the data will show that Single Bond
Universal adhesive bonds pit and fissure sealants without etching, that Single Bond Universal adhesive is dual-
cure compatible and that Single Bond Universal adhesive can be used to prime restoration surfaces prior to the
application of 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive Resin Cement and composite cements
Adhesion to Dentin and Enamel

The adhesion to enamel will be shown in a variety of methods. For self-etching materials, it is important to
show the adhesion performance to both the uncut and the instrument-prepared (cut) enamel surfaces. The
uncut enamel surfaces are more mineralized and typically require an additional phosphoric acid etching step
prior to the placement of the adhesive. The cut or prepared surface has the harder outer surface removed and
can be easily treated in the self-etch mode. Alternatively, a “selective” enamel-etch technique is recommended
as an option to enhance the enamel bond strength if desired.
The adhesion to dentin surfaces and the ability to seal the dentin is also the mechanism for providing
desensitizing properties for the adhesive. This can be done directly on patients who are currently
experiencing sensitivity due to open tubules. The adhesive can be applied to bond and seal the exposed
tubules, thus reducing, if not eliminating, the sensitivity. This technique also applies for tooth surfaces that
have been prepared for amalgam placement and for indirect restorations. The adhesives can be applied to
the dentin surfaces to adhere to and seal the surface prior to the impression and temporization process.
This prevents a potential sensitivity situation from arising when the patient has the final restoration seated
at a later time. The adhesion data and SEM images of the sealed dentin support this indication. Figures 18
and 19 illustrate the performance of Single Bond Universal adhesive compared to products in the 5th- and
7th-generation categories.
Self-Etch Bond Strength—3M™ Single Bond

Self-Etch Bond Strength—Single Bond™ Universal Total-Etch Bond Strength—Single Bond™
Universal Adhesive vs. Competition
Adhesive vs . Competition Universal Adhesive vs . Competition
40 .0 35 .0
Enamel Enamel
35 .0 30 .0
Dentin Dentin
30 .0 25 .0
25 .0 20 .0
MPa
MPa
20 .0 15 .0
Figure 18: 24-hour shear bond strength data
15 .0 10 .0
showing adhesion to dentin and cut enamel
10 .0 in the self-etch
5 .0 mode for 3M™ Single Bond
Universal Adhesive and two competitors in
5 .0 0 .0
the 7th-generation or one-bottle self-etch
0 .0 category. Source:3M™ data Prime & Bond®
Single Bond
3M internal OptiBond™ So
3M™ Single Bond Xeno® IV iBond® SE Universal NT™ Plus
Universal (Self-Etch) (Self-Etch) (Total-Etch Mode) (Total-Etch) (Total-Etch)
(Self-Etch Mode)
Total-Etch Bond Strength—3M™ Single Bond

e Bond™ Universal Total-Etch Bond Strength—Single Bond™
etition Universal Adhesive
Universalvs. Competition
Adhesive vs . Competition
35 .0
Enamel Enamel
Dentin 30 .0
Dentin
25 .0
20 .0
MPa
15 .0
10 .0
5 .0
0 .0
3M™ Single Bond Prime & Bond® OptiBond™ Solo
iBond® SE Universal NT™ Plus
(Self-Etch) (Total-Etch Mode) (Total-Etch) (Total-Etch)
Figure 19: 24-hour shear bond strength data showing adhesion to

dentin and cut enamel in the total-etch mode for 3M™ Single Bond
Universal Adhesive and two competitors in the 5th-generation or
two-step etch-and-rinse category. Source: 3M internal data
The 7th-generation category is also called the one-bottle self-etch category and includes 3M™ Adper™ Easy
One Self-Etch Adhesive, iBond SE and Xeno IV. The 5th-generation category is also called the two-step
etch-and-rinse category and includes 3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive, Optibond Solo Plus and
Prime & Bond NT. 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive performs equivalently, if not better, than the leading
products in those categories.
The bond strength durability of Single Bond Universal adhesive to dentin, cut enamel and uncut enamel
is shown in Figure 20.
Stability of 3M™
Stability Single Bond
of Scotchbond ™ Universal
Universal Adhesive—Shear
Adhesive—Shear BondBond
Strength SpecimenAfter
Strength Specimen After Thermocycling
Thermocycling (1550
(1550 cycles,
cycles, 5˚C 5–55˚C)
-55˚C)
45
40
35
30
MPa
25
20
15
10
5
0
Before TC After TC Before TC After TC
Self-Etch Total-Etch
Cut Enamel Cut Dentin Uncut Enamel
Figure 20: 24-hour and thermocycled shear bond strength data

showing stressed adhesion performance to dentin, cut enamel and
uncut enamel in both the self-etch and total-etch mode.
Figures 21 and 22 show data generated by Dr. John Burgess at the University of Alabama. The charts
show shear bond strength at 24 hours. 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive was compared directly to
3M™ Adper™ Easy One Self-Etch Adhesive in the self-etch mode to dentin and cut enamel. Single Bond
Universal adhesive was compared to 3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive in the total-etch mode to cut
enamel and dentin.
24-Hour Shear Adhesion

24-Hour ShearBond Strength
Adhesion Bondto Cut Enamel
Strength to Cut Enamel
50
24-Hour Shear Adhesion Bond Strength to Cut Enamel
45
50
40
45
35
40
30
MPaMPa
35
25
30
20
25
15
20
10
15
5
100
5 3M™ Single Bond 3M™ Adper™ 3M™ Single Bond 3M™ Adper™
0 Universal Easy One Universal Single Bond
3M™ Single Bond
(Self-Etch) 3M™ Adper™
(Self-Etch) 3M™ Single Bond
(Total-Etch) 3M™ Adper™
(Total-Etch)
Universal Easy One Universal Single Bond
Figure 21:(Self-Etch) (Self-Etch)
Dr. Burgess, University (Total-Etch)
of Alabama. 24-hour (Total-Etch)
shear bond strength data showing
performance to cut enamel in the self-etch mode and the total-etch mode.
24-Hour Shear Adhesion Bond Strength to Dentin
24-Hour
45 Shear Adhesion Bond Strength to Dentin
24-Hour Shear Adhesion Bond Strength to Dentin
40
45
35
40
30
35
25
MPaMPa
30
20
25
15
20
10
15
5
100
5 3M™ Single Bond 3M™ Adper™ 3M™ Single Bond 3M™ Adper™
0 Universal Easy One Universal Single Bond
3M™ Single Bond
(Self-Etch) 3M™ Adper™
(Self-Etch) 3M™ Single Bond
(Total-Etch) 3M™ Adper™
(Total-Etch)
Universal Easy One Universal Single Bond
(Self-Etch) (Self-Etch) (Total-Etch) (Total-Etch)
Figure 22: Dr. Burgess, University of Alabama, Birmingham. 24-hour shear bond strength
data showing performance to dentin in the self-etch and the total-etch mode.
Dr. Mario de Goes, University of Campinas, conducted a study to evaluate the bond strength of one-step
self-etching adhesives on pre-etched dentin and interface bond morphology. The dentin pre-etched using
phosphoric acid did not affect the bonding strength of one-step self-etching adhesives (Figure 23).
Microtensile
MicrotensileBond
BondStrength
Strengthofof Pre-Etching
Pre-Etching Dentin
Dentin for One-Step Self-Etching Adhesives
for One-Step Self-Etching Adhesives
70 Pre-Etched Dentin
60 Self-Etched Dentin
Immediate Tensile Bond Strength
50
to Human Enamel and Dentin
40
MPa
30 Enamel
35
Dentin
20
30
10
0 25
3M™ Adper™ 3M™ Single Bond 3M™ Adper™
Easy One Universal 20
Single Bond 2
MPa 15
Figure 23: Dr. Mario de Goes, University of Campinas.
Microtensile bond strength of pre-etching dentin
10 for
one-step self-etching adhesives.
Source: 3M internal data 5
0
3M™ Single Bond Universal Clearfil™ SE
The results of a study by Dr. Nara, Nippon Dental University (Figures(Self-Etch
24 andMode)
25), show that self-etch bond
strengths are similar to Clearfil SE and that bond strength to abrasion lesion dentin is similar to that of sound
dentin or enamel.
Immediate Tensile Bond Strength of
Immediate Tensile Bond Strength to 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive Self-Etch
Human Enamel and Dentin
Immediate Tensile Bond Strength to SoundImmediate TensileDentin
Enamel, Sound Bond Strength of
and Abrasion
Single Bond™ Universal Adhesive Self-Etch to
to Human Enamel and Dentin Lesion DentinSound Dentin and Abrasion Lesion Dentin
Sound Enamel,
Enamel
35 35
Dentin
30 30
25 25
20 20
MPa
MPa
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
3M™ Single Bond Universal Clearfil™ SE Abrasion Lesion Sound Enamel Sound Dentin
(Self-Etch Mode) Dentin
Figure 24: Dr. Nara, Nippon Dental University. Immediate Figure 25: Dr. Nara, Nippon Dental University. Immediate
tensile bond strength of 3M™ Single Bond Universal tensile bond strength of 3M™ Single Bond Universal
Adhesive to human enamel and dentin. Adhesive in self-etch mode to sound enamel, sound dentin
Source: 3M internal data and abrasion lesion dentin.
Immediate Tensile Bond Strength of Source: 3M internal data
Single Bond™ Universal Adhesive Self-Etch to
Sound Enamel, Sound Dentin and Abrasion Lesion Dentin
35
30
25
20
MPa
15
10
5
0
Adhesion to Etched Dentin (Moist and Dry Conditions)

The data will show that 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive performs well on dentin that has been etched and
left either moist or dry. This is a major benefit of Single Bond Universal adhesive compared to the traditional 5th-
generation total-etch adhesives, which require that the dentin surface be kept moist following etching. If drying
occurs and the collagen fibers collapse, there is not sufficient water and hydrating components in the adhesive
to overcome the collagen collapse and subsequent poor bond strengths can occur, which often can lead to
post-operative sensitivity for the patient. Single Bond Universal adhesive performs well in the self-etch mode,
etched/moist mode and etched/dry mode. Figure 26 shows the performance of Single Bond Universal adhesive
on dentin and cut enamel in moist and dry conditions using 3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive as a control.
Shear Bond Strength of Etched

Shear Bond Strength of Etched
Moist and Dry Dentin
Moist and
and Dry Enamel
Dentin andSurfaces
Enamel Surfaces
45
40 Enamel
35 Dentin
30
25
MPa
20
15
10
5
0
3M™ Single Bond 3M™ Single Bond 3M™ Adper™ Single
Universal—Moist Universal—Dry Bond 2—Moist
Figure 26: 24-hour shear bond strength data showing performance to dentin and
cut enamel in etched moist/dry conditions.
Figure 27 shows the contribution of 3M™ Vitrebond™ Copolymer on the performance to etched and dry
dentin with Single Bond Universal adhesive. Vitrebond Copolymer is a 3M proprietary polyalkenoic acid
copolymer that enhances the wetting characteristics of the adhesive onto the dentin surface. It is present in
3M™ Scotchbond™ Multi-Purpose Dental Adhesive, Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive and 3M™ Adper™ Easy
One Self-Etch Adhesive, as well as the majority of 3M resin-modified glass ionomer materials. The Single
Bond Universal adhesive formulation contains 1 to 5% of the copolymer. This aids in reducing the technique
sensitivity, provides for more consistent performance and reduces potential for post-op sensitivity as shown
earlier in the “Virtually No Post-Operative Sensitivity” section.
Bond Strength to Dry Etched Dentin:

Bond Strength to Dry Etched Dentin:
Dependency on 3M™ Vitrebond™ Copolymer Content
Dependency on Vitrebond™ Copolymer Content
35
30
25
20
MPa
15
10
0
0 0 .5 1 2
VBCP content (%)
Figure 27: 24-hour shear bond strength data showing the contribution of the 3M™ Vitrebond™ Copolymer
to enhance the adhesion performance of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive to etched and dried dentin.
Figures 28 and 29 illustrate the technique versatility of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive and its ability
to bond to etched dentin in both moist and dry conditions. Figure 28 is data generated by Dr. Gerry Kugel at
Tufts University and highlights the dentin performance of Single Bond Universal adhesive compared to Prime
& Bond NT. Figure 29 is data generated by Dr. J. Perdigao at the University of Minnesota and highlights the
performance of Single Bond Universal adhesive compared to dentin in the self-etch mode, and to moist and
dry dentin in the total-etch mode.
24-Hour Shear24-Hour
Bond Strength to Dentin
Shear Bond Strength to Dentin
35
30
25
20
MPa
15
10
5
0
Moist Moist Dry Moist Dry
(Self-Etch (Total-Etch (Total-Etch (Total-Etch) (Total-Etch)
Mode) Mode) Mode)
3M™ Single Bond Universal Prime & Bond® NT™
Figure 28: Dr. Kugel, Tufts University. 24-hour shear bond strength to etched
moist and dry dentin in comparison to leading total-etch adhesive.
Etched Moist
Microtensile Dentin Bond

Microtensile Strengths
Dentin Bond Strengths
80
70
60
50 Distinct
MPa
40 hybrid layers
formed for
30
both moist
20 and dry
Etched Dry
10 dentin
0
3M™ Single Bond 3M™ Single Bond 3M™ Single Bond
Universal Universal Universal
Self-Etch Mode Total-Etch Total-Etch
Mode—Moist Mode—Dry
Figure 29: Dr. J. Perdigao, University of Minnesota. Microtensile

Bond Strength of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive to
self-etched dentin in comparison to moist and dry dentin in the
total-etch mode. Dry samples were dried for 10 seconds after
etching and rinsing. Source: 3M internal data
Adhesion to Saliva-Contaminated Enamel and Dentin

Another common clinical concern is the ability to adequately isolate the prepared tooth surface from saliva
contamination. It is very important to try and maintain a clean and isolated bonding surface, however, if the
adhesive system could be tolerant to a slight amount of saliva contamination prior to the adhesive placement,
that would be very beneficial clinically. 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive is tolerant to slight/moderate
saliva contamination prior to adhesive application (Figure 30).
Saliva Contamination Tolerance

Saliva Contamination Tolerance
40 .0
35 .0
30 .0
25 .0
MPa
20 .0
15 .0
10 .0
5 .0
0 .0
Enamel Dentin Enamel Dentin
Self-Etch Total-Etch
Figure 30: Shear bond strength of 3M™ Single Bond Universal

Adhesive. Tooth surface wetted with human saliva immediately
before adhesive application. Source: 3M internal data
Adhesion to Various Indirect Substrates

There are a wide range of materials that can be used to fabricate indirect dental restorations, including a
variety of metals, composites and ceramic materials.
Metals range from base, non-precious metals to semi-precious and precious. Metal substrate bonding typically
relies on a mechanical bond aided by the surface roughening by air abrasion with aluminum oxide. The
adhesive will flow in and around the roughened surface and, when cured hard, will provide a mechanical bond
to the surface. If additional bond strength is desired, a metal primer may be used to enhance the bond with
some additional chemical bond to the surface.
Composite substrate bonding is very straightforward. The surface may be roughened, but when the adhesive is
applied, a chemical bond is formed between the methacrylate groups of the composite and the adhesive.
Ceramic materials vary considerably in their composition. From a bonding perspective, they can be grouped
into two categories: glass-containing ceramics (i.e., feldspathic porcelain, leucite reinforced glasses and glass-
infiltrated alumina and zirconia) and non-glass containing ceramics (polycrystalline zirconia and alumina).
For glass ceramics, the surfaces are typically etched with hydrofluoric acid to etch or dissolve some of the
glass to create a microporous surface for mechanical retention. The surfaces are then treated with a ceramic
primer/silane primer that will chemically bond to the glass and will also chemically bond to the adhesive, thus
creating a chemical bond between the glass surface and the adhesive in addition to the mechanical bond.
For non-glass ceramics, these surfaces are relatively inert and are typically treated in the same manner as
metals. The surfaces are air abraded with aluminum oxide to create a roughened surface for mechanical
retention. Recently, new primers have been introduced that can provide an additional chemical bond to the
metal oxides. These primers are primarily based on the MDP monomer. This monomer is a part of various
cements, primers and adhesives currently in the market and has been shown to provide adhesion to the
zirconia, alumina surfaces and metal surfaces. It is important not to pre-treat these surfaces with phosphoric
acid, as this will create a strongly bonded phosphate layer that will be detrimental to the bond strength.
Shear Bond Strength Before

Shear Bond Thermocycling
Strength Before Thermocycling
50
45 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive
40 Signum® Bonding System
35
30
MPa
25
20
15
10
5
0
Titanium Zirconia Wironit® Composite Degulor® M Glass Ceramic
Figure 31: 24-hour shear bond strength of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive to
various indirect substrates compared to the Signum Bonding System.
Shear Bond Strength After Thermocycling

Shear Bond Strength After Thermocycling
50
45 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive
40 Signum® Bonding System
35
30
MPa
25
20
15
10
5
0
Titanium Zirconia Wironit® Composite Degulor® M Glass
Ceramic
Figure 32: Shear bond strength of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive to various
indirect substrates compared to the Signum Bonding System after thermocycling.
Shear Bond Strength to 3M™ Paradigm™ C
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive Technical Product Profile
Glass Ceramic 23
24 Hr
40 Thermocycled
Dr. Markus B. Blatz, University of Pennsylvania, 35conducted a study
10,000to look
at bonding composite (to simulate
Cycles
a repair situation or indirect bonding situation) to

30 sandblasted zirconia, alumina and glass ceramic surfaces
(Figure 33). The blasted surfaces were treated either
25
with 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive or with
Z-PRIME Plus primer and adhesive, cured and then composite bonded over that. Samples were subjected
MPa
20
to 10,000 thermocycles between 5° and 60°C. Dr. John Burgess, University of Alabama in Birmingham,
15
conducted three indirect shear bond strength studies. The first study (Figure 34) looked at the shear bond
strength of Single Bond Universal adhesive to 3M™ 10 Paradigm™ C Glass Ceramic Block [Leucite-reinforced
glass ceramic]. The Paradigm C glass ceramic block 5 surfaces were sandblasted and treated with hydrofluoric
acid. The two surface treatments were applied, followed
0 by bonding a cylinder of 3M™ Z100™ Restorative on
3M™ Single Bond 3M™ Adper™
top. The second study looked at bonding of non-glass ceramicUniversal (Figure 35).Bond
Single The2/RelyX™
3M™ Lava™ Zirconia samples
were sandblasted and then treated with the various surface treatments. Ceramic Z100 restorative
Primer was then bonded over
the top in a cylinder. The third study (Figure 36) looked at bonding to metal surfaces. The metal samples were
sandblasted and then treated with the primer/adhesive or the Single Bond Universal adhesive, followed by
bonding a Z100 restorative cylinder on top.
Shear Bond Strength to 3M™ Paradigm™ C
Glass Ceramic
Shear
24 HrBond Strength to Indirect Shear
Shear Bond Strength
Bond Strength to Paradigm™ C
to 3M™
40 Shear Bond
Substrates Strength
After
Thermocycled to Indirect
10,000 Substrates After
Thermocycles 3M™ Paradigm™ GlassC Glass Ceramic
Ceramic
10,000 Cycles 10,000 Thermocycles
35
30 24 Hr
30 40 Thermocycled
3M™ Single Bond Universal Shear Bond 10,000
Strength to 3M™
Cycles Lava™ Zirconia
25 25 35
Z-PRIME Plus
45 24 Hr
MPa
20 30
20 Thermocycled
15 25 40 10,000 Cycles
MPa
MPa
15 20 35
10
5 15 30
10
0 10 25
MPa
3M™ Single5Bond 3M™ Adper™

Universal Single Bond 2/RelyX™ 5
20
0 Ceramic Primer 0
3M™ Lava™ Vita In-Ceram® AL Paradigm™ C 3M™ Single Bond
15 3M™ Adper™
Zirconia Glass Ceramic Universal Single Bond 2/RelyX™
10 Ceramic Primer
Figure 33: Dr. Markus Blatz, University of Pennsylvania.
Shear bond strength of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Figure5 34: Dr. John Burgess, University of Alabama in
Adhesive to indirect substrates after thermocycling. Birmingham.
0 Shear bond strength of 3M™ Single Bond
Source: 3M internal data 3M™
Universal Single Bond
Adhesive CoJet™/
before and Z-PRIME™ Plus
after thermocycling.
Source: 3MUniversal
internal data 3M™ Adper™
Single Bond 2
Shear
Shear Bond Strength
Bond Strength to to
3M™3M™ Lava™
Lava™ Zirconia
Zirconia Shear Bond Strength to Metal
Shear Bond Strength to Metal
45 24 Hr 50
Thermocycled Base Shear Bond
Metal Alloy Strength to 3M™ Lava™ Zirconia
40 45
10,000 Cycles Noble Metal Alloy
40 45 24 Hr
35
Thermocycled
35 40
30 10,000 Cycles
30 35
25
MPa
MPa
25 30
20
20 25
MPa
15
15
20
10
10
15
5 5
10
0 0
3M™ Single Bond CoJet™/ Z-PRIME™ Plus 24-hr
10,000 cycles 24-hr 10,000 cycles
5
Universal 3M™ Adper™ METAL 3M™ Adper™ 3M™ Single Bond Universal
Single Bond 2 PRIMER II 0 Single Bond 2
3M™ Single Bond CoJet™/ Z-PRIME™ Plus
Figure 35: Dr. John Burgess, University of Alabama in Figure 36: Dr. John Burgess, University
Universal 3M™ ofAdper™
Alabama in
Birmingham. Shear bond strength of 3M™ Single Bond Birmingham. Shear bond strength ofSingle
3M™Bond 2 Bond
Single
Shear Bond
Universal Adhesive Strength
before to thermocycling.
and after Metal Universal Adhesive.
50 Source: 3M internal data Source: 3M internal data
Base Metal Alloy Shear Bond Strength to Metal
45
Noble Metal Alloy
40 50
Base Metal Alloy
Marginal Integrity
An important aspect of bonding is the ability of an adhesive to resist the polymerization forces of the dental
composite and maintain a sealed, continuous interface between tooth structure and composite. Dr. Blunck
from Berlin, Germany, performed an in vitro study of Class V restorations comparing 3M™ Single Bond
Universal Adhesive and other adhesive systems and found the new adhesive to have high percentages of
continuous margins in the total-etch and self-etch modes (Figure 37). Figure 38 shows the results of an in vitro
study by Dr. Roland Frankenberger from Marburg, Germany, of Class II restorations comparing Single Bond
Universal adhesive and other adhesive systems.
In Vitro Marginal Integrity Study—Class V Restoration

In Vitro Marginal Integrity Study—Class V Restoration
Enamel Before Dentin Before
120 Enamel After Dentin After
Continuous Margin [%]
100
80
60
40
20
0
3M™ 3M™ Xeno® V iBond® Prime & Syntac®
Single Bond Single Bond (SE) SE (SE) Bond® NT™ (TE)
Universal Universal (TE)
(TE) (SE)
Figure 37: Dr. Blunck, Berlin, Germany. Marginal integrity study, Class V restorations.
In Vitro Marginal Integrity Study—Class II Restoration

In Vitro Marginal Integrity Study—Class II Restoration
Enamel Before Dentin Before
120 Enamel After Dentin After
Continuous Margin [%]
100
80
60
40
20
0
3M™ 3M™ Syntac® OptiBond™ iBond® Xeno® V
Single Bond Single Bond (TE) Solo Plus SE (SE) (SE)
Universal Universal (TE)
(TE) (SE)
Figure 38: Dr. Frankenberger, Germany. Marginal integrity study—Class II restorations.
SEM Images—Dentin Sealing

A proper seal to the dentin is important to be able to provide high adhesion and to prevent sensitivity or to
reduce sensitivity if it is present. Dental adhesives have the ability to prevent or reduce sensitivity if they can
provide for a high bond strength to both unetched and etched dentin, effectively seal any open tubules and
provide a hard cured film that can act as a barrier to the external environment.
The adhesion data presented earlier shows that 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive can provide for high
adhesion to dentin in the self-etch mode with the smear layer present, but also to etched moist and dry dentin
where the tubules are exposed. The fact is that Single Bond Universal adhesive performs well in both dry and
moist conditions to etched dentin, allows for consistent high adhesion and good sealing and removes the
technique sensitivity from the clinician.
This ability to seal the dentin allows for low sensitivity potential for direct and indirect procedures. It allows the
adhesive to be used for
• cervical root surface desensitization,
• sealing cavity surfaces prior to amalgam placement, and
• sealing tooth surfaces that have been prepared for indirect procedures
prior to placement of the temporary restoration.
Based on the results for adhesion testing, SEMs showing the adhesive sealing/bonding capability and the
literature study reviews would indicate that the Single Bond Universal adhesive should perform well as a dentin
sealing agent.
The SEM images below show how Single Bond Universal adhesive provides an effective seal to the dentin
surface. Figure 39 shows how Single Bond Universal adhesive provides a sealed surface over the exposed
dentin tubules. The upper half of the image shows the exposed tubules following etching. The lower half shows
the surface after placing a single coat of the Single Bond Universal adhesive. The tubules in the lower half are
completely sealed. Figure 40 shows a cross-sectional SEM image of the bonding interface to dentin.
Hybrid Layer
Resin Tags
Figure 39: SEM image of etched dentin surface. Upper Figure 40: SEM image of cross-section of bonded dentin
half shows the exposed dentin tubules. The lower half with 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive. Clear images
was treated with 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive of the hybrid layer (infiltrated collagen), resin tags in the
to show a complete seal of the dentin surface with no tubules and sealed layer of adhesive over the surface.
open tubules. Source: 3M internal data
Bond Strength and Dye Penetration—Veneers

For glass ceramic bonding, the cementation of veneers was evaluated individually. Due to the highly esthetic
demands for porcelain veneers, the bonding and marginal seal were evaluated separately. It is very important
to make sure that the veneer is bonded tightly and sealed to prevent any leakage or staining at the margin.
For the veneer indication, it is recommended that the enamel surfaces, whether cut or uncut, be phosphoric
acid etched prior to the placement of the adhesive. This will provide additional assurance that the restoration
will be properly sealed. Figure 41 shows the bond strength comparisons of 3M™ Single Bond Universal
Adhesive to 3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive made with 3M™ RelyX™ Veneer Cement. Glass ceramic
wafers were bonded to etched and cut enamel. The bond strengths were statistically the same. Additionally,
a dye penetration study was done where veneers were bonded to an etched enamel substrate, subjected to
thermocycling and subsequent dye penetration. Figure 42 shows the image of a prepared sample with a tight
seal and no dye penetration at the veneer/enamel margin.
Shear Bond Strength—3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive

Shear Bond Strength—3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive
and 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive With 3M™ RelyX™
and 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive With 3M™ RelyX™
Veneer Cement
Veneer and 3M™
Cement Paradigm™
and C Veneer
3M™ Paradigm ™ C Veneer
50
45
40
35
30
MPa
25
20 Figure 42: Dye penetration images for bonded

veneer using 3M™ Single Bond Universal
15 Adhesive and 3M™ RelyX™ Veneer Cement.
10 No dye penetration seen at the margin
interface after 5000 thermocycles (5–55°C,
5 dwell time 30 seconds).
0
3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive
and 3M™ RelyX Veneer and 3M™ RelyX Veneer
Figure 41: 24-hour shear bond strength of veneers bonded to etched and
cut enamel for 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive/3M™ RelyX™
Veneer Cement compared to 3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive/
3M™ RelyX™ Veneer cement. Source: 3M internal data
Bond Strength and Dye Penetration—

Pit and Fissure Sealants
Pit and fissure sealants are used to seal the deep crevices of molars in primary teeth. Historically, the
application technique has been to first treat the uncut or unprepared enamel surfaces with phosphoric acid
followed by a water rinse and dry. The sealant was then placed over the etched enamel surfaces and allowed
to flow down into the fissures. The sealant was then light cured or allowed to self-cure, depending on the
type of initiation system. Typically, sealants are applied in a quadrant (3–4 teeth) at one time. This procedure
allowed for high bond strengths and good retention of the sealant. The negative effect of this process was that
following rinsing of the acid—the young patients would object to the taste of the rinsed acid and for the length
of time it required to sufficiently rinse the acid and place the sealant—contamination of the surface with saliva
was a concern. With the advent of the self-etch adhesives, the option to replace the phosphoric acid step with
a self-etch adhesive used as a primer for the sealant became attractive. 3M™ Adper™ Prompt™ Self-Etch
Adhesive is a two-step self-etching adhesive that was investigated thoroughly for use as a self-etching primer
for the placement of 3M™ Clinpro™ Sealant and is indicated for the technique.
The pH of phosphoric acid is in the range of 0.5. 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive has a higher pH in
the range of 2.7. It is generally not indicated for use on uncut enamel surfaces without a prior phosphoric
acid etching step for direct or indirect restorative procedures. However, in contrast to these restorations, the
fissures to be sealed are typically not exposed to direct occlusal contact. With the incorporation of the MDP
monomer and 3M™ Vitrebond™ Copolymer in the Single Bond Universal adhesive and resulting chemical
bonding, investigations were conducted to determine if equivalent performance could be achieved with the
Single Bond Universal adhesive and the light cured Clinpro Sealant.
Figure 43 provides 24-hour shear adhesion data for Single Bond Universal adhesive, Adper Prompt adhesive
and 3M™ Scotchbond™ Etchant with Clinpro Sealant to uncut enamel. The technique for using the Single Bond
Universal adhesive was to apply the adhesive onto the tooth surface and rub or scrub the surface to be sealed
for 20 seconds, air dry, apply the sealant and light cure simultaneously.
3M™ Single Bond Universal

Scotchbond Adhesive
Universal AdhesiveBonds
BondsSealants
Sealants
Without Separate
WithoutPhosphoric Acid Etching
Separate Phosphoric Acid Etching
40 .0
35 .0 Uncut Enamel
30 .0
25 .0
MPa
20 .0
15 .0
Figure 43: 24-hour shear bond strength
10 .0 of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive,
3M™ Adper™ Prompt™ L-Pop™ and
5 .0 3M™ Scotchbond Universal Adhesive
Etchant used with 3M™ Clinpro™ Sealant
0 .0 to uncut enamel. Source: 3M internal data
3M™ Scotchbond™ 3M™ Single Bond™ 3M™ Adper™
Etchant and Universal and Prompt™ L-Pop™
3M™ Clinpro™ 3M™ Clinpro™ and 3M™ Clinpro™
Sealant Sealant Sealant
A second study was conducted to look at the microleakage or dye penetration of extracted molars treated
with the 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive and 3M™ Clinpro™ Sealant. Extracted molars were cleaned
by treating the surface with polishing paste, rinsed and dried. The Single Bond Universal adhesive was then
applied to the tooth surface and rubbed into the surface for 20 seconds. The adhesive was air dried to remove
the solvents. Clinpro Sealant was applied in a thin layer. Both materials were then light cured simultaneously
for 20 seconds. The samples were then thermocycled for 5000 cycles from 5–55°C. High magnification
images were taken of the images prior to immersion into the dye. The teeth were then subjected to the dye.
Following the dye immersion, the samples were removed, rinsed and high magnification images were taken to
evaluate the margins for any dye penetration or staining. Figure 44 shows the images before and after the dye
penetration. No staining of the margins was noted and therefore a strong seal of the margins was present.
Dye Penetration After Thermocycling 5000 Cycles, 5–55°C

Before penetration After penetration
Figure 44: Dye penetration images for molars sealed with 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive and
3M™ Clinpro™ Sealant. No staining or dye penetration is seen at the margins.
The following before and after photos (Figures 45, 46 and 47) are from an in vitro 2- and 3-body wear
study conducted at the Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics (MDRCBB).
The study compared three techniques for the application of 3M™ Clinpro Sealant. Photos were taken
immediately after preparing samples according to the traditional phosphoric acid etch technique and
according to the self-etch techniques of 3M™ Adper™ Prompt™ L-Pop™ Self-Etch Adhesive and
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive. The “after” photos were taken after subjecting the samples to
300K cycles of chewing media, which simulates approximately 1 year of actual chewing.
Figure 45: Dr. Fok, Chen, et al, MDRCBB University of Minnesota. Phosphoric acid etch
and 3M™ Clinpro™ Sealant—before (left) and after 300K (right).
Figure 46: Dr. Fok, Chen, et al, MDRCBB University of Minnesota. 3M™ Adper™
Prompt™ L-Pop™ Self-Etch Adhesive and Clinpro™ Sealant—before (left) and after
300K (right).
Figure 47: Dr. Fok, Chen, et al, MDRCBB University of Minnesota. 3M™ Single Bond
Universal Adhesive and Clinpro™ Sealant—before (left) and after 300K (right).
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive as a Protective

Coating/Varnish for Glass Ionomer-Based
Restorative Materials
Glass ionomer restorative materials have a requirement that after placement they require a protective coating
or varnish to be placed over the exposed surfaces to avoid water loss at the surface. The water loss would
cause the surface to weaken upon setting and cause surface cracking and weakness in the physical properties
of the material at the surface. Therefore, a varnish or protective coating is applied over the exposed surfaces
during the curing process. The coating will be cured and act as a barrier to allow the restorative material to
cure properly without the water loss. Once cured, the restoration can be finished and polished. If any of the
underlying glass ionomer material is exposed, the coating can be reapplied to further protect the surface from
water loss and also provide a smoother surface.
The following internal studies show the ability of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive to provide a hard cured
surface over the surface of the glass ionomer restorative and the ability of the Single Bond Universal adhesive
to protect the surface from water uptake in the form of a coffee staining test. Figure 48 compares the Vickers
surface hardness for 3M™ Ketac™ Molar Glass Ionomer Restorative coated with both the conventional
3M™ Ketac™ Glaze Light-Cured Varnish and then with the Single Bond Universal adhesive. The Fuji IX glass
ionomer restorative from GC was also tested with the G-Coat Plus coating.
Vickers Hardness
Vickers Hardness
60 .0
Vickers Hardness [HVO,2]
50 .0
40 .0
30 .0
20 .0
10 .0
0 .0
Fuji IX GP® Extra and G-Coat™ Plus
3M™ Ketac™ Molar and 3M™ Single Bond Universal
3M™ Ketac™ Molar and 3M™ Ketac™ Glaze
Figure 48: Vickers hardness values for 3M™ Ketac™ Molar

Glass Ionomer Restorative coated with 3M™ Ketac™ Glaze
Light-Cured Varnish and 3M™ Single Bond Universal
Adhesive compared to Fuji IX coated with G-Coat Plus.
The second study looked at the ability to protect the cured surface of the glass ionomer restorative from
staining with coffee. This would also indicate the ability to protect the surface from water uptake. Samples of
3M™ Ketac™ Molar Glass Ionomer Restorative and 3M™ Ketac™ Fil Plus Aplicap™ Glass Ionomer Restorative
were prepared and coated with 3M™ Ketac™ Glaze Light-Cured Varnish and 3M™ Single Bond Universal
Adhesive. Fuji IX samples were also prepared and coated with the G-Coat Plus. The samples were immersed
in coffee for 24 hours. Figure 49 shows the images of the actual samples that were immersed. The baseline
(before) samples are shown on the right side. No distinct color change is visible for any of the sample sets.
The samples were measured for color and the changes or Delta E values were calculated for each sample set.
Figure 50 shows a graph of the color change or Delta E for the five groups.
After 1 After 2 After 3 Before
3M™ Ketac™ Molar/3M™ Ketac™ Glaze
3M™ Ketac™ Fil Plus/Ketac™ Glaze
Ketac™ Molar/3M™ Single Bond

Universal Adhesive
Ketac™ Fil Plus/Single Bond

Universal Adhesive
Fuji IX GP® Extra/G-Coat™ Plus
Figure 49: Images of coated samples of 3M™ Ketac™ Molar Glass Ionomer Restorative, 3M™ Ketac™ Fil Plus Aplicap™ Glass Ionomer
Restorative with 3M™ Ketac™ Glaze Light-Cured Varnish and 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive compared to Fuji IX coated with
G-Coat Plus following immersion in coffee.
Staining
Staining After Coffee After Coffee Test
Test
10
9
8
7
Data E
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
3M™ Ketac™ 3M™ 3M™ 3M™ Ketac™ Fuji IX
Molar and Ketac™ Molar Ketac™ Fil Fil Plus GP® Extra
3M™ Ketac™ and 3M™ Plus and and 3M™ and
Glaze Single Bond 3M™ Ketac™ Single Bond G-Coat™ Plus
Universal Glaze Universal
Adhesive Adhesive
Figure 50: Chart showing Delta E or color change values for the
coated glass ionomer samples following immersion in coffee.
Bonding Self- or Dual-Cure Composite or Cement

Materials with the 3M™ Single Bond Universal DCA
Dual Cure Activator
The ability to bond self- and dual-curing composite and cement materials with conventional adhesives has
been a challenge. The slightly acidic or acidic nature of the adhesives can protonate the amine component
of commonly used peroxide/amine initiator systems and therefore have a retarding effect on the self-curing
mechanism of the composite or cement and not allow the interface between the adhesive and the composite/
cement to polymerize completely, resulting in low bond strengths. Dual- or self-cure activators are available
for some adhesive systems that, when mixed with the adhesive, allow for better polymerization at the interface
and subsequent higher bond strengths. 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive has an activator available as
part of its system. The activator consists of 2% sodium toluene sulfinate and 98% ethanol. This sulfinate salt,
when mixed with the Single Bond Universal adhesive, allows for bonding to these materials. Figure 51 shows
bond strength data when Single Bond Universal adhesive was mixed with 3M™ Single Bond Universal DCA
Dual Cure Activator, and alloy cylinders were bonded to dentin and enamel with various non-3M cements in
both the self-etch and total-etch modes. The bond strengths are all within or above the 20 MPa range and are
acceptable. Figures 51 and 52 show the wire loop shear bond strengths of various core build-up materials and
self-cure composite materials. Single Bond Universal adhesive was mixed with Single Bond Universal DCA
(1 drop of each), applied to the tooth surface and light cured. Cements were used per their instructions for
use to cement stainless steel buttons, which were tested in shear mode after 24 hours at 36°C. Core build-up
materials were applied in a 5mm increment in order to simulate a worst-case scenario, light cured from the
top and tested in shear mode after 24 hours at 36°C.
3M™ Single3M™
BondSingle
Universal
Bond™Light-Cured Activator With
Universal Light-Cured Dual-Cure
Activator Cements
With Dual-Cure Cements
70
Enamel
60
Dentin
50
40
MPa
30
20
10
0
SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE
NX3® NX3® Multilink® Multilink® Panavia™ Panavia™ 3M™ 3M™ Variolink® Variolink® Calibra® Calibra®
sc lc Automix Automix F2 .0 sc F2 .0 lc RelyX™ RelyX™ II II lc sc lc
sc lc ARC sc ARC lc sc
3M™ 3M™ 3M™ 3M™ 3M™ 3M™
Single Bond™ Single Bond™ Single Bond™ Single Bond™ Single Bond™ Single Bond™
Universal Universal Universal Universal Universal Universal
and Activator lc and Activator lc and Activator lc and Activator lc and Activator lc and Activator lc
Figure 51: 24-hour shear bond strength of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive with activator in both the self-etch
and total-etch modes with various resin cement systems to enamel and dentin.
Core Build-up Materials, 5mm Thickness, Light Cured

Core Build-up Materials, 5mm Thickness, Light Cured
35
30
25
20
MPa
15
10
5
0
Enamel
Dentin
Enamel
Dentin
Enamel
Dentin
Enamel
Dentin
Enamel
Dentin
Enamel
Dentin
Enamel
Dentin
Enamel
Dentin
Enamel
Dentin
Enamel
Dentin
Enamel
Dentin
Enamel
Dentin
SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE SE TE
Rebilda® DC LuxaCore® Dual CoreX® flow Core Paste XP Clearfil® DC MultiCore® HB
Figure 52: 24-hour shear bond strength of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive with activator in both
the self-etch and total-etch modes with various core build-up systems to enamel and dentin.
System Adhesive for 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive

Resin Cement
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive is the system adhesive for 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive Resin
Cement. Figures 53 and 54 show the enamel and dentin bond strength results of light cured RelyX Ultimate
cement bonded with self-cured Single Bond Universal adhesive in comparison to competitive systems
according to their recommended pretreatment. The bond strengths of light cured RelyX Ultimate cement to
ceramic with self-cured Single Bond Universal adhesive in comparison to competitive systems can be found
in Figure 55.
Shear Bond Strength to Enamel of 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive
Shear Bond Strength to Enamel of 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate and Others
Resin Cement and Other Pretreatment
Pretreatment Steps
Steps According According to IFU
to IFU
80
70
Shear Bond Strength to Enamel of 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate and Others
24 hour
Pretreatment Steps According to IFU TC 5kx
60
80
50
MPa
70 24 hour
40
60 TC 5kx
30
50
20
MPa
40
10
30
0
3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate Panavia F2 .0 Multilink
20
Ic-mode Ic-mode Ic-mode Automix
10 IC-mode
3M™ Single Bond 3M™ Single Bond ED Primer II
0 Universal Adhesive Universal Adhesive Primer A+B
3M™ sc-mode
RelyX™ Ultimate 3M™ sc-mode
RelyX™ Ultimate Panavia F2 .0 Multilink
Self Etch Etched IC-mode
Universal Adhesive Universal Adhesive Primer A+B
Figuresc-mode sc-mode
53: Shear bond strength to enamel—3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive Resin
Cement with
Self Etch3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive and various pretreatments
Etched
according to instructions for use before and after thermocycling.
Shear
Source: 3MBond Strength
internal data to Dentin of 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate and Others
Pretreatment Steps According to IFU
80
Shear Bond
Shear Strength
Bond Strength to
to Dentin
Dentin ofof 3M™
3M™ RelyX™
RelyX™ Ultimate
Ultimate Adhesive
and Others
70
Resin Cement and Other Pretreatment
Pretreatment Steps
Steps According According
to IFU 24to IFU
hour
60 TC 5kx
80
50
MPa
70 24 hour
40
60 TC 5kx
30
50
20
MPa
40
10
30
0
20
10 IC-mode
0 Universal Adhesive Universal Adhesive Primer A+B
3M™ sc-mode
RelyX™ Ultimate 3M™ sc-mode
RelyX™ Ultimate Panavia F2 .0 Multilink
Self Etch Etched IC-mode
Universal Adhesive Universal Adhesive Primer A+B
sc-mode sc-mode
Self Etch Etched
Figure 54: Shear bond strength to dentin—3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive Resin Cement with
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive and various pretreatments before and after thermocycling.
Shear Bond Strength to Ceramic of RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive Resin Cement with Single
Bond Universal Adhesive as a System Primer in Comparison to Competitive Systems
0
IC-mode
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive
Universal Adhesive Universal Adhesive Technical Product ProfilePrimer A+B 35
sc-mode sc-mode
Self Etch Etched
Shear Bond Strength to Ceramic of 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive Resin

Cement with
Shear Bond 3M™toSingle
Strength CeramicBond Universal
of RelyX ™ Adhesive
Ultimate Adhesiveas a System
Resin CementPrimer in
with Single
Comparison toAdhesive
Bond Universal Competitive Systems
as a System Primer in Comparison to Competitive Systems
AI2013 / 24h
70 AI203/ TC 5kx
Zr02 - 3M™ Lava™ /24h
60
Zr02 - 3M™ Lava™ /TC 5kx
50 3M™ Paradigm™ C - HF etched / 24h
3M™ Paradigm™ C - HF etched / TC 5kx
40
MPa
30
20
10
0
3M™ RelyX™ 3M™ RelyX™ 3M™ RelyX™ Multilink NX3 Panavia F2 .0
Ultimate Ultimate Ultimate Automix – Silane
Adhesive Resin Adhesive Resin Adhesive Resin Monobond sandblast sandblast
Cement Cement Cement Plus 50μ 50μ
Ic mode Ic mode Ic mode sandblast
– – – 50μ
sandblast 3M™ Single 3M™ Single
50μ Bond Universal Bond Universal
Adhesive Adhesive
Ic-mode sc-mode
sandblast sandblast
50μ 50μ
Figure 55: Shear bond strength of light-cured RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive Resin Cement to
ceramic using self-cured Single Bond Universal Adhesive.
Customer Feedback
As mentioned earlier, 120 dentists from Germany, Great Britain, Italy, France and Switzerland evaluated
3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive. After evaluating, the dentists were asked for their feedback.
The following summarizes their responses regarding the improved flip-top vial and their overall
satisfaction with Single Bond Universal adhesive.
Improved Vial Delivery

The new and improved flip-top vial is designed for opening, dispensing and closing with one hand
(Figure 56). 82% of the evaluators rated the opening and closing of the flip-top vial with one hand as
“Easy” or “Very Easy” (Figure 57). The improved vial also has a unique nozzle, which was specifically
designed for dispensing control. Cleanliness of the vial after repeated use was rated as “Clean” by
39% and “Very Clean” by 42% of the evaluators (Figure 58).
1 2 3
4 5
Figure 56: Vial dispensing.
Open/Close Vial Flip Capvial

Open/close with
flipOne HandoneN=118
cap with hand N=118
70%
64%
60%
% Respondents
50%
40%
30%
20% 18% 16%
10%
1% 2%
0%
Very Easy 2 Neither/ 4 Very
Nor Difficult
Figure 57: Response to ease of opening and closing vial with one hand.
Cleanliness of Vial Tip After Repeated Use N=118

Cleanliness of vial tip after repeated use N=118
45% 42%
40% 39%
35%
% Respondents
30%
25%
20%
15%
10% 12%
5%
5% 2%
0%
Very 2 Neither/ 4 Very
Clean Nor Messy
Figure 58: Response to cleanliness of vial tip after repeated use.

Amount of Adhesive in One Drop N=118

Amount of adhesive in one drop N=118
70%
64%
60%
% Respondents
50%
40%
30%
19%
20%
11%
10% 6%
0%
0%
Not 2 Neither/ 4 Too
Enough Nor Much
Figure 59: Response to amount of adhesive in one drop of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive.
Overall Satisfaction
Overall, 89% of the evaluators were “Satisfied” or “Very Satisfied” with 3M™ Single Bond Universal
Adhesive. 81% responded with “Probably would recommend” or “Definitely would recommend” this new
adhesive to their colleagues and 84% “Probably would purchase” or “Definitely would purchase” Single
Bond Universal adhesive if price was not an issue.
Please
Pleaserate youroverall
rate your overall satisfaction
satisfaction of 3M™ Single
of Scotchbond Bond
™ Universal Universal
Adhesive: Adhesive: N=120
N=120
60%
55%
50%
% Respondents
40%
34%
30%
20%
9%
10%
0% 2%
0%
Very Satisfied 2 Neither/Nor 4 Not Satisfied
at All
Figure 60: Response—Overall satisfaction with 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive.
How likely would you recommend 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive
How likely would
to your colleagues, you available
if it was recommend Scotchbond
soon? N=118 Universal Adhesive
™
to your colleagues, if it was available soon? N=118
45% 42%
39%
40%
35%
% Respondents
30%
25%
20%
15%
15%
10%
5% 3%
0%
0%
1 = Definitely 2 = Probably 3 = Might or 4 = Probably 5 = Definitely
Would Would Might Not Would Not Would Not
Recommend Recommend Recommend Recommend Recommend
Figure 61: Response—Likelihood to recommend 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive.

How likely would you be to purchase 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive
if it wasHow likely would you be to purchase Scotchbond
N=118 Universal Adhesive
™
available and price was not an issue?
if it was available and price was not an issue? N=118
50%
45% 43%
41%
40%
% Respondents
35%
30%
25%
20%
15% 12%
10%
5% 4%
0%
0%
1 = Definitely 2 = Probably 3 = Might or 4 = Probably 5 = Definitely
Would Purchase Would Purchase Might Not Would Not Would Not
Purchase Purchase Purchase
Figure 62: Response—Likelihood to purchase 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive.

www.3M.com
3M, ESPE, Adper, Aplicap, Clinpro, CoJet,

Filtek, Ketac, Lava, L-Pop, Paradigm,
3M Deutschland GmbH
3M Oral Care Prompt, RelyX, Scotchbond, Vitrebond,
Location Seefeld
2510 Conway Avenue Vitremer and Z100 are trademarks of
3M ESPE • ESPE Platz 3M or 3M Deutschland GmbH. Used under
St. Paul, MN 55144-1000 USA
82229 Seefeld • Germany license in Canada. © 3M 2016. All rights
Phone 1-800-634-2249 Info3MESPE@mmm.com reserved. All other trademarks are not
Web 3M.com/dental www.3MESPE.com trademarks of 3M.

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3M™ Single Bond

Virtually No Post-Operative Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Internal and External In Vitro Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

% Transmission 3M™ Single Bond Universal Vial

3M™ Adper™ 3M™ Adper™ Easy One 3M™ Single Bond

Adper Single Bond 2, Adper Easy One and Single Bond

Hydrophilic: Water drop on uncured Hydrophobic: Water drop on cured

Adhesive Substrate Degree of Conversion (%)

3M™ Single Bond Universal DCA

3M™ Scotchbond™ Universal Etchant

Summary of 3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive—

M MDP monomer instead of MHP

Ethanol/water-based solvent system

3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive

Figure 6: Dr. J. Perdigao, University of Minnesota

Figure 7: Dr. Bart Van Meerbeek. TEM of 3M™ Single

Figure 8: Dr. Mario de Goes, University of Campinas.

Figure 9: Dr. J. Perdigao, University of

Bonding to Indirect Substrates

Figure 15: Dr. J. Perdigao, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry.

Internal and External

Adhesion to Dentin and Enamel

Self-Etch Bond Strength—3M™ Single Bond

Total-Etch Bond Strength—3M™ Single Bond

Figure 19: 24-hour shear bond strength data showing adhesion to

Cut Enamel Cut Dentin Uncut Enamel

Figure 20: 24-hour and thermocycled shear bond strength data

24-Hour Shear Adhesion

Adhesion to Etched Dentin (Moist and Dry Conditions)

Shear Bond Strength of Etched

Bond Strength to Dry Etched Dentin:

Microtensile Dentin Bond

Figure 29: Dr. J. Perdigao, University of Minnesota. Microtensile

Adhesion to Saliva-Contaminated Enamel and Dentin

Saliva Contamination Tolerance

Figure 30: Shear bond strength of 3M™ Single Bond Universal

Adhesion to Various Indirect Substrates

Shear Bond Strength Before

Shear Bond Strength After Thermocycling

a repair situation or indirect bonding situation) to

3M™ Single5Bond 3M™ Adper™

In Vitro Marginal Integrity Study—Class V Restoration

In Vitro Marginal Integrity Study—Class II Restoration

SEM Images—Dentin Sealing

Bond Strength and Dye Penetration—Veneers

Shear Bond Strength—3M™ Adper™ Single Bond 2 Adhesive

20 Figure 42: Dye penetration images for bonded

Bond Strength and Dye Penetration—

3M™ Single Bond Universal

Dye Penetration After Thermocycling 5000 Cycles, 5–55°C

3M™ Single Bond Universal Adhesive as a Protective

Figure 48: Vickers hardness values for 3M™ Ketac™ Molar

3M™ Ketac™ Molar/3M™ Ketac™ Glaze

3M™ Ketac™ Fil Plus/Ketac™ Glaze

Ketac™ Molar/3M™ Single Bond

Ketac™ Fil Plus/Single Bond

Fuji IX GP® Extra/G-Coat™ Plus

Bonding Self- or Dual-Cure Composite or Cement

Core Build-up Materials, 5mm Thickness, Light Cured

System Adhesive for 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive

Shear Bond Strength to Ceramic of 3M™ RelyX™ Ultimate Adhesive Resin

Improved Vial Delivery

Open/Close Vial Flip Capvial