At the end of this lesson, you can:

● discuss the role of Science and Technology in Philippine

nation building; and
● interview identified persons who have taken advantage of
actual science and technology policies and programs of the
government

What is Nation Building?

According to Harris Mylonas in his paper Nation-Building,

nation-building can be defined as follows:
● as the process through which the boundaries of the modern
state and those of the national community become
congruent
● the desired outcome is to achieve national integration
● a structural process intertwined with industrialization,
urbanization, social mobilization, etc.
● as the result of deliberate state policies that aim at the
homogenization of a state along the lines of a specific
constitutive story—that can and often does change over
time and under certain conditions
● as the product of top-bottom processes that could originate
from forces outside of the boundaries of the relevant state;
and as the product of bottom-up processes that do not
require any state intervention to come about
● had an impact on patterns of State Formation and Social
Order, Self-Determination Movements, War Onset, and Public
Goods Provision.
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How S&T help in Nation Building?

DOST Science For Change Program

The Science for Change Program (S4CP) was created to

accelerate STI in the country in order to keep up with the developments
in our time wherein technology, and innovation are game-changers.
Through the Science for Change Program (S4CP), the DOST can
significantly accelerate STI in the country and create a massive increase
in investment in S&T Human Resource Development and R&D.

S4CP focuses on Accelerated R&D Program for Capacity Building

of R&D Institutions and Industrial Competitiveness, which is composed of
the following four (4) programs:
a. The Niche Centers in the Regions for R&D (NICER) Program
● capacitates Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in the
regions to make a significant improvement in regional
research by integrating its development needs with the
existing R&D capabilities and resources
● provides institutional grants for HEIs in the regions for R&D
capacity building to improve their S&T infrastructure
● was established in consultation with the academe and
industry, and endorsed by the Regional Development
Council (RDC)
● NICER is a Unique center for collaborative R&D to
address specific S&T needs of local communities and
industries, thereby accelerating regional development.
● Currently, there are 18 existing NICERs across 14 regions
for total funding of P641M.

b. R&D Leadership (RDLead) Program

● a collaborative R&D to Leverage PH Economy (CRADLE)
for RDIs and Industry Program,
● complements the establishment of R&D Centers thru the
NICER Program.
● provides the mechanism to bring in experts and highly
skilled professionals with strong leadership, management
and innovative policy-making proficiencies to be in
charge of strengthening the research capabilities of the
HEIs, National Government Agencies (NGAs) and
Research Development Institutions (RDIs) in the regions.
● Together, the RDLead and NICER Programs will
capacitate HEIs to help improve and hasten the use of
research results that will contribute to the
socio-economic development of the country and help
address pressing challenges

c. The Collaborative Research and Development to Leverage

Philippine Economy (CRADLE) Program
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● designed to foster collaboration between academe and

local companies to improve competitiveness and
catalyze innovation.
• aims to improve the country’s innovation ecosystem by
facilitating the smooth transition of new technologies
from universities and research and development institutes
(RDI) to industries - from lab to market.
• a trihelix partnership between the government, the
industry, and the academe wherein the government
finances the collaboration of the private company and
the partner university or RDI.
• aims to address the problem of a Filipino company using
R&D to develop innovative solutions. To date, the DOST
has already provided almost Php 125 M of funding to 29
academe-industry collaborations all over the country.

d. The Business Innovation through S&T (BIST) for Industry Program

aims to level-up the innovation capacity of the Philippine
Industrial Sector through R&D by:
• helping private companies and industries acquire novel
and strategic technologies, such as state-of-the-art
equipment and machinery, technology licenses, and
patent rights, among others.
• The program will cover up to 70% of the total eligible cost
of the needed technology at zero percent interest.
• To date, the BIST Program has approved one project from
an herbal company, Herbanext Laboratories Inc.,
providing total financial assistance of Php11.7M.

ASEAN Integration requires competitive technology

Science and technology help us understand nature and the world

and enables us to lead full lives through new and innovative means. It,
therefore, requires that we, as Filipinos, expand our science and
technology base to enable us to compete in an integrated ASEAN.

Two major approaches:

1. Stronger Research and Development in the regions, not just
Manila
Expand research and development initiatives by providing
more grant support for R and D through the DOSTs sectoral
planning councils such as PCIERD, PCAARD, and ASTI in
cooperation with universities in the regions. The science
initiative must be distributed to the regions, especially those
where food production needs to be improved, the industry
needs to grow, and where innovation needs to be developed.
This is critical in light of climate change and expensive
electricity, and the need to disperse industry and economic
activities.
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2. Strategic projects in five areas

a. Renewable energy- we need new technologies to enable high
electricity yields in limited space with less dependence on
natural resources to enable us to meet our COP 21
commitments while lowering the price of electricity.
b. S and T for industry development- we need stronger
participation of our scientists and engineers if we want to
revitalize our basic industries such as the steel industry.
c. Faster and cheaper internet – we have Asias slowest internet,
yet our archipelago needs it bridge gaps and build networks.
d. Increased food production- given limited lands, technology is
needed to expand yields while increasing the quality of output
and being less dependent on foreign inputs like fertilizers.
e. Climate change adaptation- We need cutting edge
technology to enable our farmers to adapt to changing
climates and the need to do away with technologies that
destroy the capacity for good healthful yields.
f. Enabling mechanisms and specifics:
● More Research grants through the DOST and its sectoral
planning councils and institutes
● Strengthen the Balik Scientist Program and retention
program for current young scientists- our young scientists
must be engaged through actual research projects.
Many of our scientists and engineers are OFWs who
support our candidacy. We need their help to uplift our
country’s technology, and we hope they come back.
● S and T cooperation within ASEAN- especially on the
space program and climate change adaptation.
● Cooperation between industry and the science
community by involving them in the sectoral planning
councils. DOSTs programs for SMEs (Such as SET-UP) needs
to be replicated further.
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Activity 1. Think about it

Directions: Answer the following question briefly. Refer to the Short answer
rubric to guide you.
1. What are the roles of science and technology in
nation-building?
___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

Activity 2. Interview
Directions: Interview farmers, fishermen, housewives, or other recipients of
the science and technology programs/projects/policies of the Philippine
government with the leading question “how the project helps them
improve and the community as well?” See Appendix B.3 for the Interview
Report Rubric. Follow the suggested format:
Short bond paper, Arial 12”, 1.5 spacing, Justified
References in APA format

A. Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
Write the answer on the space provided before each number.
______1. Which one is an invention of the medieval age that is used to
magnify things that cannot be seen by the naked eye.
a. Microscope
b. Magnifying lens
c. Stethoscope
d. Telescope
______2. It is known as the birthplace of western philosophy.
a. Babylon
b. Egypt
c. Greece
d. Rome
______3, Salamander amphibious tricycle is a useful Filipino invention
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because it has a lot of potential except ______.

a. It can be utilized to travel from island to island.
b. It can cross not only flooded streets but also rivers and
lakes.
c. It can help transport people during rainy season.
d. It is powered by electricity only,
_____4. Which one did not occur during the Pre- colonial period?
a. Filipinos learned to make tools.
b. Filipinos had a systematic accumulation and dissemination
of knowledge.
c. Filipinos learned to build boats for the coastal trade.
d. Filipinos learned to make and use artillery.
______5. All of the following happened during Spanish regime, EXCEPT
___________.
a. Course leading to B.A. degree, Bacheler en Artes were
offered by schools.
b. Primary instruction was generally taken care by missionaries.
c. The Manila School of Agriculture was created.
d. There are schools offering engineering.
______6. Which of the following inventions does not belong to the Ancient
times?
a. Codex
b. Cunieform
c. Hieroglyphics
d. Printing press
_______7. Who among the following inventors/ discoverers was credited
for the development of telephone.
a. Alexander Graham Bell
b. Johann Guttenberg
c. Samuel M. kier
d. Thales of Miletus
______8. Which one is not an invention during Sumerian civilization??
a. Alarm clock
b. Cuneiform
c. Plow
d. Ziggurat
______9. The beginning of Modern Science and technology in the
Philippines can be traced to the _______.
a. American regime
b. First Republic
c. Pre- colonial
d. Spanish regime
______10. The creation of a secular, state- supported institution of higher
learning which is the Universidad Literaria de Filipinas was done
during the _____.
a. American Regime
b. Common Wealth
c. First Republic
d. Independence
______11. A theory founded by the famous astronomer Claudius Ptolemy.
a. Heliocentric Model c. Copernican Revolution
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b. Geocentricism Model d. Darwinian Revolution

______12. It is a theory/model rejected at first because it is contradicting in
the theory of Ptolemy.
a. Heliocentric Model c. Copernican Revolution
b. Geocentricism Model d. Darwinian Revolution
______13. A theory founded by Charles Darwin that talks about Natural
Selection and Survival of the Fittest.
a. Heliocentric Model c. Copernican Revolution
b. Geocentricism Model d. Darwinian Revolution
______14. A theory that talks about Heliocentric and Geocentricism
Model.
a. Darwinian Revolution c. Freudian Revolution
b. Copernican Revolution d. Geocentricism Model
______15. Psychoanalysis
a. Sigmund Freud c. Nicolaus Copernicus
b. Charles Darwin d. Claudius Ptolemy

B. Identification
Directions: Identify each of the following phrases or statements.
1. A trap system developed to help prevent the
spread of dengue fever.
2. An invention of Dr. Fe del Mundo which
greatly helped cater the medical needs of pre- mature babies.
3. The secular, state- supported institution of
higher learning which was created during the First Republic.
4. The beginning of modern science and
technology in the Philippines can be traced to the
___________regime.

5. The name of the institution remained to be the

highest institution of learning throughout the Spanish regime.
6.Capacitates Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
in the regions to make a significant improvement in regional
research by integrating its development needs with the existing
R&D capabilities and resources
_ 7. Complements the establishment of R&D
Centers thru the NICER Program
_ 8. Designed to foster collaboration between
academe and local companies to improve competitiveness
and catalyze innovation.
9. aims to level-up the innovation capacity of
the Philippine Industrial Sector through R&D

For numbers 10-15, Answer time/ period/ age that each of the following
was invented
_ 10. Calculator
_ 11. Papyrus
_ 12. Water milll
_ 13 Printing Press
_ 14. Plow
_ 15. Irrigation and Dikes
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C. Essay
Directions: Answer the questions briefly. Refer to the short answer rubric in
appendix B.6.
1. What is the norm that the psychoanalysis of Freud deviates
from?
2. How did the way of living change during the three ages of the
prehistoric period?
3. Enumerate the S&T projects/ programs/ policies and their
contribution to the community’s development.
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