D.
Drug Study
Drug Mechanism of action/ Side
affects
Brand Name: -inhibits nucleic acid
Flagyl synthesis by disrupting the
Generic Name: DNA of microbial cells. This
Metronidazole function only occurs when
Classification: metronidazole is partially
Antibiotics reduced, and because this
Route: reduction usually happens
IV Drip only in anaerobic bacteria and
Dosage: protozoans, it has relatively
500mg little effect upon human cells
Frequency: or aerobic bacteria.
Q8
4am,12nn,8pm Side Effects:
Agitation, back pain,
blindness, blurred vision,
burning, numbness, tingling,
or painful sensations in the
hands or feet, changes in
speech patterns, confusion,
decreased vision, depression,
dizziness, drowsiness, eye
pain, fever, headache,
irritability, lack of
coordination, nausea
seeing or hearing things that
are not there, seizures,
Indication/ Contraindication
-used to treat serious
bacterial infections in
different areas of the body.
Metronidazole belongs to
the class of medicines
known as antibiotics. It
works by killing bacteria or
preventing their growth.
- Hypersensitivity to the
active substance, to other
imidazole derivatives.
-History of hypersensitivity
to metronidazole or other
nitroimidazole derivatives.
Pregnancy (1st trimester)
and lactation.
Nursing responsibilities
-Observe 10 rights in giving medication.
-Encourage the client to inform the health team
for signs of side effects like: Nausea,
Headache, abdominal pain.
Rationale: To establish proper precautionary
measures and management for possible adverse
effects of the drug.
-report signs of: severe diarrhea with blood,
pus or mucus; rash; difficulty breathing;
unusual tiredness, fatigue; unusual bleeding or
bruising; unusual itching or irritation.
Rationale: To manage and keep track of
symptoms and report to healthcare team.
 shakiness and unsteady walk
slurred speech, stiff neck or
back, trouble speaking
unsteadiness, trembling, or
other problems with muscle
control or coordination,
unusual tiredness or
weakness, vomiting,
weakness in the arms, hands,
legs, or feet

Drug Mechanism of action/Side Indication/ Contraindication Nursing responsibilities

effects
Brand Name: -Cefotaxime sodium is a -used to treat conditions - Observe 10 rights in giving medication
Rocephin. bactericidal agent that acts by such as lower respiratory - check the patient to make sure he’s
Generic Name: inhibition of bacterial cell tract infections, skin and never had a reaction to cephalosporins
Ceftriaxone wall synthesis. Cefotaxime skin structure infections, before.
Classification: has activity in the presence of urinary tract infections, Rationale: to avoid cross sensitivity
Cephalosporin some beta-lactamases, both pelvic inflammatory with other cephalosporin antibiotics.
antibiotics penicillinases and disease, bacterial - Encourage the client to be alert for
Route: cephalosporinases, of Gram- septicemia, bone and joint adverse reaction and drug interaction
IV negative and Gram-positive infections, and meningitis. like: Headache, dizziness, allergic
Dosage: bacteria. reaction
2g -Contraindicated in patients Rationale: To establish proper
Frequency: Side Effects: with known hypersensitivity precautionary measures and
Q12 -rash, diarrhea, nausea, to ceftriaxone, any of its management for possible adverse
8am,8pm vomiting, upset stomach, excipients or to any other effects of the drug.
 blood clots, dizziness, cephalosporin.
headache, pain or swelling in
your tongue, a lump where
the medicine was injected,
sweating, anemia, changes in
taste, or
flushing.
Drug Mechanism of action/Side
effects
Brand Name: - Cefepime is a semi-synthetic
Maxipime broad-spectrum cephalosporin
- Report upset stomach, rash, itching,
swelling in tongue, anemia, changes in
taste.
Rationale: To manage and keep track of
symptoms and report to healthcare
team.
Indication/ Contraindication Nursing responsibilities
- Used to treat bacterial -Observe 10 rights in giving
infections such as urinary tract medication
Generic Name: antibiotic intended for IM or IV
Cefepime administration. Cefepime is a
Classification: bactericidal agent that acts by
Cephalosporin antibiotics. inhabitation of bacterial cell
Route: wall synthesis. It has a broad
IV spectrum of activity against a
Dosage: wide range of gram-positive
1g and gram-negative bacteria.
Frequency:
Q8 Side Effects:
4am, 12nn, 8pm stomach pain, nausea,
vomiting, loss of appetite,
diarrhea, headache, skin rash or
itching, white patches or sores
inside your mouth or on your
lips. dark urine, easy bruising
or bleeding,
fast/pounding/irregular
heartbeat, mental/mood
changes (such as confusion,
hallucinations, decreased
alertness), seizures,
jerking movements, unusual
weakness, or yellowing eyes or
skin.
infections, pneumonia, and skin
infections. The prescription
medicine is in the
cephalosporin class of
antibiotics, which work by
killing bacteria.
-Hypersensitivity reactions to
cefepime or the cephalosporin
class of antibiotics, penicillins
or other beta-lactam antibiotics.
- check the patient to make
sure he’s never had a reaction
to cephalosporins before.
Rationale: to avoid cross
sensitivity with other
cephalosporin antibiotics
- Watch for signs of allergic
reaction while giving IV
admission like: itching or
shortness of breath. If signs of a
reaction occur, stop the
infusion and notify the
physician.
Rationale:
-Inform the patient/watcher
he/she would should inform
health care team immediately if
severe side effect occur such
as: . dark urine, easy bruising
or bleeding,
fast/pounding/irregular
heartbeat, mental/mood
changes (such as confusion,
hallucinations, decreased
alertness), seizures,
jerking movements, unusual
weakness, or yellowing eyes or
skin.
Rationale: To establish proper
precautionary measures and
 management for possible
severe side effects of drug.

Drug Mechanism of action/Side Indication/ Contraindication Nursing responsibilities

effects

Brand Name: -By binding to specific
Bactocill penicillin-binding proteins
Generic Name: (PBPs) located inside the
Oxacillin bacterial cell wall, Oxacillin
Classification: inhibits the third and last stage
Penicillin-class Antibacterial. of bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Route: Cell lysis is then mediated by
IV bacterial cell wall autolytic
Dosage: enzymes such as autolysins; it
500mg is possible that Oxacillin
Frequency: interferes with an autolysin
Q6 inhibitor.
6am,12nn, 6pm, 12mn
Side Effects:
nausea, upset stomach,
- Oxacillin is a penicillin
antibiotic that fights bacteria in
the body. Oxacillin is used to
treat many different types of
infections caused by
staphylococcus.
- hypersensitivity
(anaphylactic) reaction to any
penicillin is a contraindication.
-Observe 10 rights before
giving medication.
-Assess Patient previous
sensitivity reaction to penicillin
or other.
Rationale: to avoid cross
sensitivity with other penicillin.
-Watch for allergic reaction
while infusing, If signs of a
reaction occur, stop the
infusion and notify the
physician.
Rationale:
-Advise patient to be alert for
 vomiting, mild diarrhea, adverse reaction such as: severe
swollen, black, or "hairy" stomach pain, painful or
tongue; or thrush (white difficult urination, diarrhea that
patches or inside your mouth or is watery.
throat). severe stomach pain, Rationale: To establish proper
diarrhea that is watery or precautionary measures and
bloody, little or no urination, management for possible
painful or difficult urination, adverse effect of drug.
red or pink urine, iredness, loss
of appetite, dark urine, clay-
colored stools, jaundice
(yellowing of the skin or eyes);
or ver, chills, sore throat,
swollen gums, mouth sores,
pain when swallowing, skin
sores, cold or flu symptoms,
cough, trouble breathing.

Drug Mechanism of action/Side Indication/ Contraindication Nursing responsibilities

effects
Brand Name: -Paracetamol has a central
Panadol analgesic effect that is
Generic Name: mediated through activation of
Paracetamol descending serotonergic
Classification: pathways. Debate exists about
Aniline analgesics its primary site of action, which
Route: may be inhibition of
PO prostaglandin (PG) synthesis or
Dosage: through an active metabolite
300mg influencing cannabinoid
Frequency: receptors.
Q4
4am, 8am, 12nn Side Effects:
Bloody or black, tarry stools
bloody or cloudy urine
fever with or without chills (not blood flow called shock
present before treatment and
not caused by the condition
being treated)
pain in the lower back and/or
side (severe and/or sharp)
pinpoint red spots on the skin
skin rash, hives, or itching
sore throat (not present before
treatment and not caused by the
condition being treated)
sores, ulcers, or white spots on
the lips or in the mouth
sudden decrease in the amount
of urine
- used to treat mild to moderate
pain (from headaches,
menstrual periods, toothaches,
backaches, osteoarthritis, or
cold/flu aches and pains) and to
reduce fever.
-Condraindicated caloric
undernutrition
acute liver failure
liver problems
severe renal impairment
a condition where the body is
unable to maintain adequate
acetaminophen overdose
acute inflammation of the liver
due to hepatitis C virus
-Observe 10 rights before
giving medication.
-Assess Patient fever or pain:
type of pain, location, intensity,
duration, temperature.
Rationale:
-Assess allergic reactions Rash,
urticaria, if these occur, drug
may have to be discontinued.
Rationale:
-Tell patient to swallow tablet
whole: do not crush them or
chew.
Rationale: Doing so can release
all the drug at one, increasing
the risk of side effects.
-Encourage the client to inform
the health team for signs of side
effects like: Bloody or black
tarry stools, bloody or cloudy
urine.
Rationale: To establish proper
precautionary measures and
management for possible
adverse effects of the drug.
unusual bleeding or bruising
unusual tiredness or weakness
yellow eyes or skin