ME 613: Continuum Mechanics

School of Mechanical Sciences, IIT Goa

Autumn Semester (AY 2021-2022)

Home Work - 5

1. A homogeneous deformation is given by the mapping equations,

x1 = X1 − X2 + X3 ,
x2 = X2 − X3 + X1 ,
x3 = X3 − X1 + X2 .
Determine
√
(a) the stretch ratio in the direction of Â1 = (Iˆ1 + Iˆ2 )/ 2, and
(b) the angle θ12 in the deformed configuration between elements that were originally in the direc-
tions of Â1 , and Â2 = Iˆ2 .
√
Answer: (a) 2, (b) 54.7◦ .

2. For the deformation field given by

x1 = X1 + αX2 ;
x2 = X2 − αX1 ;
x3 = X3
where α is a constant, determine the matrix form of the tensors γ and η, and show that the circle
of particles X12 + X22 = 1 deforms into the circle x21 + x22 = 1 + α2 .
Answer:

 2 
α 0 0
1
[γ] = 0 α 2 0
2
0 0 0
 2 
−α 0 0
1 2
[η] =  0 −α 0
2(1 + α2 )2
0 0 0

3. Let the deformation

x1 = X1 + AX2 X3 ,
x2 = X2 + AX32 ,
x3 = X3 + AX12 ,
where A is a constant be applied to a continuum body. For the unit square of material line elements
OBCD as shown in Fig. 1, calculate at point C
(a) the stretch and unit elongation for the element in the direction of diagonal OC,
(b) the change in the right angle at C if A = 1; if A = 0.1.
Answer:
√
(a) λ2(OC) = 1 + 2A + 4A2 , e(OC) = 1 + 2A + 4A2 − 1
(b) ∆θ(A=1) = 60◦ , ∆θ(A=0.1) = 11.77◦

1
Figure 1: Unit square OBCD in the reference configuration