Unit 6 Socioeconomic Development

Teaching Objectives

After this unit, students will be able to:

· expand your vocabulary about socioeconomic developments
· explain what Brexit is and discuss how Brexit influences the EU and even the world
· discuss how tourism helps improve the life of ordinary life
· describe some old villages or ancient towns in China
· analyze the necessity of attaining world heritage status
· illustrate the measures hotels can take to lure customers

Background Knowledge

Reading A
1. Brexit
Brexit (like its early variant, Brexit) is a portmanteau of “British” and “exit”. The
term is used for the United Kingdom's planned withdrawal from the European Union.
Following the 2016 referendum vote to leave, the UK government started the
withdrawal process on 29 March 2017, putting the UK on course to leave by April 2019.
The terms of withdrawal have not yet been negotiated and the UK remains a full
member of the European Union. Theresa May, the British Prime Minister, has
announced 12 negotiating objectives and confirmed that the UK government would not
seek permanent single market membership. She has promised a Great Repeal Bill to
repeal the European Communities Act and incorporate existing EU laws into UK
domestic law.
The UK joined the European Communities (EC), the EU's predecessor, in 1973,
confirming its membership in a 1975 referendum. In the 1970s and 1980s, withdrawal
from the European Economic Community (EEC) was advocated mainly by Labour
Party and trade union figures. From the 1990s, withdrawal from the EU was advocated
mainly by the newly founded Referendum Party, the UK Independence Party (UKIP)
and by an increasing number of Conservatives.
2. Referendum
A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to vote on a
particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new law. In some countries it
is synonymous with a plebiscite or a vote on a ballot question.
3. Open Europe
Open Europe is a socially and economically liberal pan-European thinktank and
campaign group with offices in London and Brussels and an independent partner
organization in Berlin operated by staff from a number of EU states. The thinktank
promotes retaining a close UK relationship with the EU, high levels of EU migration,
as well as liberal economic and political reform of the remaining European Union.
4. Ukip
The UK Independence Party (UKIP) is a Eurosceptic and right-wing populist
political party in the United Kingdom. It is headquartered in Newton Abbot, Devon,
and currently led by Paul Nuttall. Ideologically positioned on the right wing of British
politics, UKIP has been characterized as part of a broader European radical right by
political scientists. It promotes a British unionist and British nationalist agenda,
although its claim that the latter is a form of non-racial civic nationalism has been
disputed. UKIP's primary emphasis has been on Euroscepticism, calling for the UK's
exit from the European Union (EU). It has also placed strong emphasis on lowering
immigration, opposing multiculturalism, and encouraging a unitary British identity. On
social issues like LGBT rights and education policy it is conservative. Influenced by
Thatcherism and classical liberalism, it describes itself as economically libertarian and
promotes liberal economic policies. Having an ideological heritage stemming from the
right wing of the Conservative Party, it distinguishes itself from the political
establishment through heavy use of populist rhetoric.
5. KPMG
KPMG is a professional service company and one of the Big Four auditors, along
with Deloitte, Ernst & Young (EY) and PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC). Seated in
Amsterdam, the Netherlands, KPMG employs 189,000 people and has three lines of
services: financial audit, tax, and advisory. Its tax and advisory services are further
divided into various service groups.
6. EEF

EEF, formerly the Engineering Employers’ Federation, works with manufacturing,

engineering and technology-based businesses in the UK. EEF is the largest sectoral
employers' organization in the UK. It delivers services at national level and local level
through a network of regional offices throughout England and Wales.
7. TheCityUK
TheCityUK is a private-sector membership body and industry advocacy group
promoting the financial and related professional services industry of the United
Kingdom (UK). Although “The
City” in the UK usually refers to the City of London, one of the world's foremost
financial centres, the organization also represents the industry all across the UK. 
TheCityUK focuses on three main areas: overseas promotion, domestic promotion, and
regulation and trade. It also conducts primary research among members, businesses and
consumers about relevant financial and professional services issues and produces a
range of authoritative economic reports on industry sectors, products, and key financial
indicators. TheCItyUK is often referred to as the industry's “most powerful” or “most
prominent” lobbyists with close links to the UK Government and to policy makers in
Brussels and Washington.
8. G8
The G8 (G7 from 2014 due to Russia’s suspension) is an inter-governmental
political forum of the world’s major highly industrialized economies in countries that
view themselves as democracies. The forum originated with a 1975 summit hosted by
France that brought together representatives of six governments: France, Germany, Italy,
Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States, thus leading to the name Group of
Six or G6. The summit came to be known as the Group of Seven, or G7, in 1976 with
the addition of Canada. Russia was added to the political forum from 1997, which the
following year became known as the G8. In March 2014 Russia was suspended
following the annexation of Crimea; however, a number of G7 politicians and officials
stated they would be interested in Russia’s return to the group. The European Union is
represented at the G8 since the 1980s as a “nonenumerated” participant, but originally
could not host or chair summits. The 40th summit was the first time the European Union
was able to host and chair a summit. Collectively, in 2012 the G8 nations comprised
50.1 percent of 2012 global nominal GDP and 40.9 percent of global GDP.

9. G20
The G20 (or G-20 or Group of Twenty) is an international forum for the
governments and central bank governors from 20 major economies. It was founded in
1999 with the aim of studying, reviewing, and promoting high-level discussion of
policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability. It seeks to
address issues that go beyond the responsibilities of any one organization. The G20
heads of government or heads of state have periodically conferred at summits since
their initial meeting in 2008, and the group also hosts separate meetings of finance
ministers and central bank governors. The members include 19 individual countries and
along with the European Union (EU). The EU is represented by the European
Commission and by the European Central Bank. Collectively, the G20 economies
account for around 85% of the gross world product (GWP), 80% of world trade (or, if
excluding EU intra-trade, 75%), and two-thirds of the world population. The heads of
the G20 nations met semi-annually at G20 summits between 2009 and 2010. Since the
November 2011 Cannes summit, all G20 summits have been held annually.
10. OECD
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an
intergovernmental economic organization with 35 member countries, founded in 1960
to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It is a forum of countries describing
themselves as committed to democracy and the market economy, providing a platform
to compare policy experiences, seeking answers to common problems, identify good
practices and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members. Most
OECD members are high-income economies with a very high Human Development
Index (HDI) and are regarded as developed countries. OECD is an official United
Nations Observer. The OECD’s headquarters are in Paris, France. The OECD is funded
by contributions from member states at varying rates, and had a total budget of EUR
363 million in 2015.

Reading B
1. Efta-style free trade agreement
The Efta-style free trade agreement refers to the style of free trade agreement set
by European Free Trade Association.
2. Albion
Albion is the oldest known name of the island of Great Britain. Today, it is still
sometimes used poetically to refer to the island.
3. 2030
The 2030 Challenge is an initiative by Edward Mazria and Architecture 2030
asking the global architecture and construction community to adopt a series of
greenhouse gas reduction targets for new and renovated buildings. In many developed
countries the construction and use of buildings is the leading consumer of energy and
producer of greenhouse gas emissions. Stabilizing and reversing emissions in this sector
is key to keeping future global warming under one degree
Celsius above today’s level, in order to avoid increased global warming, potentially to
reach a tipping point.
4. Hinkley

Hinkley refers to the event of Hinkley groundwater contamination. From 1952 to

1966, Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E) dumped “roughly 370 million
gallons of chromium-tainted wastewater” into unlined wastewater spreading ponds
around the town of Hinkley, California, located in the Mojave Desert (about 121
miles driving distance north-northeast of Los Angeles). PG&E used chromium-6 —
“one of the cheapest and most efficient commercially available” rust suppressors —
in their compressor station for natural gas transmission pipelines. Just north of
 California State Highway 58, the residents continue to face concerns over
chromium-6 in their well water from the world’s largest plume of this cancer-
causing chemical.

Reading C
1. Angela Merkel

Angela Dorothea Merkel, born 17 July 1954, is a German politician who is

currently Chancellor of Germany. She is also the leader of the Christian Democratic
Union (CDU). Merkel is described at various times as the de facto leader of the
European Union, the most powerful woman in the world, and one of the world’s most
powerful people.
2. Eurocrat
A Eurocrat (a portmanteau of “European” and “bureaucrat”) is “a staff member of
the administrative commission of the European Union” or more broadly, any official of
the European Union. The term was coined by Richard Mayne, a journalist and personal
assistant to the first Commission president, Walter Hallstein, in 1961. There are three
main types of Eurocrats. First, Political Appointees, such as the European
Commissioners, the Members of the European Parliament. Secondly there are
fonctionnaires, who are the permanent staff which form the majority of the European
institutions. There are two categories of fonctionnaires, assistants and administrators.
Assistants perform“secretarial” roles while administrators perform more policy or
managerial responsibilities. The third category is the contractual agents. Contractual
agents do not have an employment contract with the same conditions as the
fonctionnaires. Their first job contract is limited in duration, however after several
renewals this can be extended permanently. Eurocrats come from all member states of
the European Union. The European Personnel Selection Office (EPSO) is the main
body which selects staff for recruitment to the European Institutions. Nowadays the
term Eurocrat has come to encompass staff from all EU Institutions and not only staff
from the European Commission.
3. the European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union,
responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU
treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU. Commissioners swear an oath
at the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg, pledging to respect the treaties and to
be completely independent in carrying out their duties during their mandate.  The
Commission operates as a cabinet government, with 28 members of the Commission
(informally known as "commissioners"). There is one member per member state, but
members are bound by their oath of office to represent the general interest of the EU as
a whole rather than their home state. One of the 28 is the Commission President
proposed by the European Council  and elected by the European Parliament. The
Council of the European Union then nominates the other 27 members of the
Commission in agreement with the nominated President, and the 28 members as a
single body are then subject to a vote of approval by the European Parliament.
4. the European Parliament
The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of
the European Union (EU). Together with the Council of the European Union (the
Council) and the European Commission, it exercises the legislative function of the EU.
The Parliament is composed of 751 (previously 766) members, who represent the
second-largest democratic electorate in the world (after the Parliament of India) and the
largest trans-national democratic electorate in the world (375 million eligible voters in
2009).

Reading D
1. UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris. Its declared purpose
is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through
educational, scientific, and cultural reforms in order to increase universal respect for
justice, the rule of law, and human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed
in the United Nations Charter. It is the heir of the League of Nations’ International
Committee on Intellectual Cooperation. UNESCO has 195 member states  and nine
associate members. Most of its field offices are “cluster” offices covering three or more
countries; national and regional offices also exist. UNESCO pursues its objectives
through five major programs: education, natural sciences, social/human sciences,
culture and communication/information. Projects sponsored by UNESCO include
literacy, technical, and teacher-training programmes, international science programmes,
the promotion of independent media and freedom of the press, regional and cultural
history projects, the promotion of cultural diversity, translations of world literature,
international cooperation agreements to secure the world cultural and natural heritage
(World Heritage Sites) and to preserve human rights, and attempts to bridge the
worldwide digital divide. It is also a member of the United Nations Development Group
2. the Global Heritage Fund
The Global Heritage Fund (GHF) is a non-profit organization that operates
internationally. Founded in California in 2002, GHF says it has since then invested over
$25 million and secured $20 million in co-funding for 19 global heritage sites to ensure
their sustainable preservation and responsible development.
3. NGO
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is a not-for-profit organization that is
independent from states and international governmental organizations. They are usually
funded by donations but some avoid formal funding altogether and are run primarily by
volunteers. NGOs are highly diverse groups of organizations engaged in a wide range
of activities, and take different forms in different parts of the world. Some may have
charitable status, while others may be registered for tax exemption based on recognition
of social purposes. Others may be fronts for political, religious, or other interests. The
number of NGOs worldwide is estimated to be 3.7 million.

Reading E
1. Hilton Worldwide Inc.
Hilton Inc. (formerly Hilton Worldwide Holdings, Inc. and Hilton Hotels
Corporation) is an American multinational hospitality company that manages and
franchises a broad portfolio of hotels and resorts. Founded by Conrad Hilton in 1919,
the corporation is now led by Christopher J.
Nassetta. Hilton is headquartered in Tysons Corner, Virginia. As of December 2016, its
portfolio includes 4,922 properties (including timeshare properties) with 804,097
rooms in 104 countries and territories. Prior to their December 2013 IPO, Hilton was
ranked as the 36th largest privately held company in the United States by Forbes.
2. PKF
PKF International (previously known as Pannell Kerr Forster) is a global network
of accountancy firms. Member firms operate under the PKF brand in 440 cities and
operate in 150 countries across 5 continents. In 2010, PKF International was ranked the
10th largest global accounting network, with aggregate fee income of $2.6 billion for
member firms in the year ended June 2010.

3. Marriott International, Inc.

Marriott International, Inc. is an American multinational diversified hospitality
company that manages and franchises a broad portfolio of hotels and related lodging
facilities. Founded by J. Willard Marriott, the company is now led by his son, Executive
Chairman Bill Marriott and President and Chief Executive Officer Arne Sorenson.
Marriott International, headquartered in Bethesda, Maryland in the Washington, DC
metropolitan area, has more than 5700 properties in over 110 countries and territories
around the world, over 1.2 million rooms (as of September 23, 2016), and additional
195,000 rooms in the development pipeline.
4. Surfcomber
Surfcomber is a boutique hotel in the historic art-deco district of South Beach,
Miami, Florida. The Surfcomber was built in 1948. It was acquired by the Kimpton
hotel chain in April 2011 and reopened after a full renovation by Kimpton on December
1, 2011. The hotel is known for throwing some of the biggest and most anticipated pool
parties each year in Miami and served as headquarters for MTV during the 2005 MTV
Video Music Awards and for Bud Light during Super Bowl XLIV. It is classified as a
4-star resort property.
5. Cape Cod
Cape Cod is a geographic cape extending into the Atlantic Ocean from the
southeastern corner of mainland Massachusetts, in the northeastern United States. Its
historic, maritime character and ample beaches attract heavy tourism during the
summer months.

Reading A Brexit – What Would Happen If Britain Left the EU?1

(Part I)

Useful Words & Expressions

aggregate /ˈægrɪgeɪt/ v. to put different amounts, pieces of information etc. together to

form a group or a total 合计，聚集 caution /'kɔːʃn/ v. to warn someone that something
might be dangerous, difficult etc. 警告，告诫

1 From
http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/may/14/brexit-what-would-happen-if-britain-left-eu-european-
union-ref erendum-uk
churn /tʃɜːn/ n. the number of people who stop buying or using a company’s products or services
during a particular period 客户流失量 coalition /ˌkəʊə'lɪʃ(ə)n/ n. a group of people who join
together to achieve a particular purpose, usually a political one 联盟，同盟
collate /kə'leɪt/ v. to gather things all together and examine them 整理，校对

clout /klaʊt/ n. power or the authority to influence other people’s decision (影响他人决定的)影响
力，权势
dent /dent/ n. a reduction in the amount of something 减少，削减

deregulation /ˌdiːˌreɡju'leɪʃn/ n. the removal of controls and restrictions in a

particular area of business or trade (在商贸领域)解除管制 drove /drəʊv/ n. (usu. in plural)
crowds of people 人群
entity /'entɪtɪ/ n. something that exists as a single and complete unit 实体
Europhile /'juərəufail/ n. a person who is fond of, admires, or even loves European culture, society,
history, food, etc.  亲欧分子
Eurosceptic /ˈjʊərəʊˌskɛptɪk/ n. someone, especially a politician, who is opposed to closer links
between Britain and the European Union 疑欧派 fraught /frɔːt/ adj. filled with (problems, risks,
danger, difficulties etc.) 充满（问题、风险、危险、困难等）
highlight /'haɪlaɪt/ v. to make a problem or subject easy to notice so that people pay attention to it
使突出，强调 hypothetical /ˌhaɪpə'θetɪk(ə)l/ adj. based primarily on surmise rather than adequate
evidence 假设的
lobby /'lɒbɪ/ v. to try to persuade the government or someone with political power that a law or
situation should be changed 游 说 mischievous /'mɪstʃɪvəs/ adj. causing trouble or quarrels
deliberately 引  起  麻  烦的  ，恶意的

nuanced /'njuːɑːnst/ adj. the state of having a very slight, hardly noticeable difference in manner,

colour, meaning etc. 微妙的，具有细微差别的

pitfall /'pɪtfɔːl/ n. a problem or difficulty that is likely to happen in a particular job, course of action,
or activity 陷阱，问题
rebate /'riːbeɪt/ n. an amount of money which is returned to you after you have paid for goods or
services or after you have paid tax or rent （支付后的）退款，（税金或租金的）返还部分
receipt /rɪ'siːt/ n. a piece of paper that you are given which shows that you have paid for something
收据，收条
rejuvenate /rɪ'dʒuːvəneɪt/ v. to make someone look or feel young and strong again 使恢复活力
scale back 按比例缩减，相应缩减
reverse /rɪˈvɜ:s/ v. to change something, such as a decision, judgment, or process so that it is the
opposite of what it was before 推翻，彻底改变 revert /rɪ'vɜːt/ v. to change back to a situation that
existed in the past 使回复原状 scenario /sɪ'nɑːrɪəʊ/ n. a setting for a work of art or literature 方
案，情节
sector /'sektə(r)/ n. a part of an area of activity, especially of business, trade etc. 部门，行业
sovereign /'sɒvrɪn/ adj. (a country or a state) being independent and not under the
authority of any other country 具有独立主权的
subsidy /ˈsʌbsədi/ n. money that is paid by a government or organization to make prices
lower, reduce the cost of producing goods etc.  补贴，津贴
underpin /ˌʌndə'pɪn/ v. to give strength or support to something and to help it
succeed 巩固，支持

variable /'veərɪəb(ə)l/ n. a factor that may be subject to change 变量，

可变因素 from scratch 从零开始，白手起家 Part I Before

Reading
( Student’s Book) Vocabulary Exercise
Directions: Fill in the blank using the correct form of the word from the box.
clout, collate, revert, caution, scenario, underpin, rebate, aggregate, fraught, reverse
1. The protest degenerating into an armed conflict is everybody's nightmare scenario.
2. Citicorp will guarantee its credit card customers a rebate on a number of products.
3. Only a few weeks after the riot, everything in the city reverted to normal.
4. Roberts has spent much of his working life collating the data on which the study
was based.
5. China needs regional stability to underpin its continued economic growth.
6. Because the normal word order is reversed in passive sentences, they are
sometimes hard to follow.
7. Business leaders are cautioning against hasty action that would hamper flexibility.
8. Hilary’s annual earnings from all sources aggregate more than one million dollars.
9. The expedition through the jungle was fraught with difficulties and danger.
10. To Indian leaders, the nuclear program symbolizes international political clout and
technological modernity.

Part II While Reading

( Student’s Book) Scanning

Directions: Look at the list of researchers and organizations (A-H）below and the
statements of estimates or analyses of the British economy after an exit from the EU (1-
8). Match each statement with the correct person or organization that made them.
A. Roger Bootle
B. Tim Congdon
C. National Institute of Economic and Social Research (in 2004)
D. Economists at the Centre for Economic Performance (optimistic)
E. Economists at the Centre for Economic Performance (pessimistic)
F. Open Europe
G. Centre for European Reform
H. CBI
1. The UK could suffer income falls of between 6.3% to 9.5% of GDP. ( E )
2. An exit from the EU would permanently reduce UK GDP by 2.25%. ( C )
3. Excessive and misguided EU regulation is doing damage to British business,
particularly to small- and medium-sized businesses. ( B )
4. If the UK continues to have a free trade agreement with the EU, losses would be
2.2% of GDP. ( D )
5. The benefits of EU membership amount to 4-5% of GDP, or as much as £78bn a
year, making each household £3,000 better off. ( H )
6. If the UK manages to enter into liberal trade arrangements with the EU and the
rest of the world, while pursuing large-scale deregulation at home, Britain could
be better off by 1.6% of GDP in 2030. ( F )
7. What the UK paid into the EU is just about 0.6% of nominal GDP. These are not
the sort of sums on which the fate of great nations depends – nor on which
momentous decisions about EU membership should be made. ( A )
8. Although the UK is a net contributor to the EU, after Brexit the country would
face pressure to replace EU regional funding and agricultural subsidies with
domestic spending. ( G )
( Student’s Book) Comprehension Check
Directions: Answer the following questions or decide whether the statements agree
with the information given in the reading selection and mark the following statements
true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
1. According to Nick Clegg, millions of jobs depend on British membership of the EU
because the
EU provides access to a market of 500 million consumers and Britain’s membership
attracts foreign firms keen to be part of that market.
2. T/F/NG Car companies Toyota and Volkswagen have considered scaling back in the
UK in the event of a Brexit. ( NG)
3. Which two sectors get particular mention in the selection about the influence of
Brexit on British job market?
The car industry and financial services.
4. T/F/NG Some people believe the UK will make its way in the world as a strong,
independent trading nation by withdrawing from Europe and freeing itself from EU
rules and regulations.
 (T)
5. What are the reasons concerning trade issues for some people to be opposed to a
Brexit? Leaving the EU would shut the UK out of its most important market (the EU)
and from other markets around the world that have trade agreements with the EU
(but not with the UK in isolation).
6. Why does the author say “considering only goods trade overlooks the importance of
services”? Considering only goods trade, on which figures are more readily
available, overlooks the importance of services – the UK’s dominant sector. The
UK’s trade in services, which covers areas such as IT and accountancy, ranks second
behind the US in terms of its share of global exports.
7. Can you guess the meaning of the word “upbeat” in the sentence “On what would
happen after a British exit from the EU, Bootle is quite upbeat” by using context
clues? Optimistic.
8. What makes Iain Mansfield believe the UK can be confident of a healthy long-term
economic outlook outside the EU, although the years immediately surrounding the
exit are likely to feature some degree of market uncertainty?
The UK would get a boost from re-focusing its exports on faster-growing, emerging
economies outside the EU. After an exit, the UK should pursue free trade agreements
with major trading nations, deepen its engagement with organizations such as the G8,
G20 and OECD and in Europe, and secure open trade relations. Fewer regulations,
coupled with greater trade with emerging economies, could provide an
overwhelmingly positive outlook for an independent Britain.
9. T/F/NG According to Business for New Europe, the UK would have trade deals
negotiating power similar to the EU. (F )

Part III After Reading

( Student’s Book) Vocabulary Exercise

1. They found an exit from the EU would permanently reduce UK GDP by 2.25%,
mainly because of lower foreign direct investment.
2. Our current assessment is that leaving the EU would be likely to impose substantial
costs on the UK economy and would be a very risky gamble.
3. This was the approach of business group the CBI, which has lobbied for the UK
to stay within a reformed EU.
4. It said in November 2013 that by aggregating research already available it has
come to a
 “conservative” estimate that the benefits of EU membership amount to 4-5% of
GDP, or as much as £78bn a year, making each household £3,000 better off.
5. His perspective is that the EU is not worth staying in without fundamental reform.

6. Tim Congdon, economist and runner-up in Ukip’s 2010 leadership election,

publishes an annual report for the party on what he sees as the costs of being in
the EU.
7. The UK is roughly 11.5% of GDP – about £185bn a year – worse off because it is
a member of the EU instead of being a fully independent sovereign nation.
8. The former Liberal Democrat leader, Nick Clegg, has in the past claimed that 3m
jobs depend on British membership of the EU when arguing for the UK to stay in
the EU.

9. The attractiveness of the UK as a place to invest and do automotive business is

clearly underpinned by the UK’s influential membership of the EU.

10. Jobs are associated with trade, not membership of a political union, and there is
little evidence to suggest that trade would substantially fall between British
businesses and European consumers in the event the UK was outside the EU.
11. He also notes the UK labour market is dynamic and so would adjust: It would
adapt quickly to changed relationships with the EU.
12. Nigel Farage makes the argument that by withdrawing from Europe, the UK frees
itself from EU rules and regulations, and will make its way in the world as a strong,
independent trading nation, looking to faster growing markets such as Brazil and
India.
13. More than half of businesses (57%) believe that remaining a member of the EU,
with more powers brought back to Westminster, would be positive.
14. However, 28% of firms also view withdrawal combined with a formal UK-EU
free trade agreement as a positive scenario.
15. Although the years immediately surrounding the exit are likely to feature some
degree of market uncertainty, if the right measures are taken the UK can be
confident of a healthy long-term economic outlook outside the EU.
16. The Centre for European Reform warns trade costs would rise after a Brexit and
the UK would have less bargaining power for trade agreements than it does as part
of a bigger entity,
the EU.
Reading B Brexit – What Would Happen If Britain Left the EU?2

(Part II)

Useful Words & Expressions

manifesto /ˌmænɪˈfestəʊ/ n. a written statement by a

political party or an organization, saying what they believe in and what
they intend to do 宣言 be subject to 受支配，遭受
regulate /ˈregjuleɪt/ v. to control an activity or process, especially by rules ( 尤指通过
规章) 控制，管理
national /ˈnæʃnəl/ n. someone who is a citizen of a particular country but is living in
another country 侨民 disincentive /ˌdɪsɪnˈsentɪv/ n. something that makes people less
willing to do something 抑制因素，限制因素
hassle /ˈhæsl/ n. something that is annoying, because it causes problems or is difficult
to do 麻烦
cherry-pick /tʃe'rɪpɪk/ v. to choose the best things or people you want from a group
before anyone else has the chance to take them（优先）精选，挑选
discriminate /dɪˈskrɪmɪneɪt/ v. to treat a person or group differently from another in an
unfair way 歧视
retaliate /rɪˈtælieɪt/ v. to do something bad to someone because they have done
something bad to you 报复
integration /ˌɪntɪˈgreɪʃn/ n. the combining of two or more things so that they work
together effectively 综合，整合 by default 默认情况下
commentator /ˈkɒmənteɪtə(r)/ n. someone who often writes or broadcasts about a
particular subject 评论员
consensus /kənˈsensəs/ n. an opinion that everyone in a group agrees with or accepts
一致看法，共识
irritation /ˌɪrɪ'teɪʃn/ n. the feeling of being annoyed about
something, especially something that happens repeatedly or for a long time 恼
怒，生气 offshore /ˌɒfˈʃɔ:(r)/ adj. based abroad in a country where you pay less tax
than in your home country 境外的，海外的

2 From
http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2015/may/14/brexit-what-would-happen-if-britain-left-eu-european-union-
ref erendum-uk
supplicant /ˈsʌplɪkənt/ n. a person who prays to God or respectfully asks an important
person to help them or to give them something that they want very much 祈求者，哀
求者 caricature /ˈkærɪkətʃʊə(r)/ n. the activity of drawing a funny picture of someone
that makes them look silly 漫画手法，讽刺描述法 penny-pinching /ˈpeniˌpintʃiŋ/
adj. giving or spending money with reluctance 小  气的，吝啬的
prescriptive /prɪˈskrɪptɪv/ adj. saying how something should or must be done, or what should be
done 规定性的，指令性的 scapegoat /ˈskeɪpgəʊt/ n. someone who is blamed for something bad
that happens, even if it is not their fault 替罪羊
channel /ˈtʃænl/ v. to control and direct something such as money or energy towards a particular
purpose 引导，把…用于
caprice /kəˈpri:s/ n. a sudden and unreasonable change of mind or behaviour 任性
bilateral /ˌbaɪˈlætərəl/ adj. involving two groups or nations 双边的，双方的
shale gas 页岩气 tar sand 沥青砂
imperial /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/ adj. relating to an empire 帝国的
bestow /bɪˈstəʊ/ v. to give someone something of great value or importance 给予，授予
gravitas /ˈgrævɪtɑ:s/ n. a seriousness of manner that people respect 庄严，严肃
consolidate /kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt/ v. to combine things in order to make them more effective or easier to deal
with 合并，统一
enmity /ˈenməti/ n. a feeling of hatred towards someone 仇恨，怨恨 lingua
franca 通用语
pull /pʊl/ n. the ability to attract someone or have a powerful effect on them 吸引力，影响力 abide
by 遵守
posit /pəˈzɪʃn/ v. to suggest that a particular idea should be accepted as a fact 假定，认为
preside over 负责，掌管
hub /hʌb/ n. the central and most important part of an area, system, activity etc., which all the other
parts are connected to 中心，枢纽 civic /ˈsɪvɪk/ adj. relating to the people who live in a town or
city 市民的，公民的
rampant /ˈræmpənt/ n. the state of being very common and increasing in an uncontrolled way 猖獗
的，泛滥的
phoenix /ˈfi:nɪks/ n. something that returns again after seeming to disappear or be destroyed 失而复
现或毁而再生者
dissolution /ˌdɪsəˈlu:ʃn/ n. the act of breaking up an organization, institution etc. so that it no longer
exists 解散，解体
deregulatory /ˌdiː'reɡjuleɪt/ adj. relating to the removal of government rules and
controls from some types of business activity 解除管制的
imperative /ɪmˈperətɪv/ n. an idea or belief that has a strong influence on people, making them
behave in a particular way (对人的行为具有很大影响的)观念，信念
corporatist /'kɔ:pərətɪst/ n. a person who follows the principles of corporatism 社团主义者，组合
主义者
austerity /ɒˈsterəti/ n. when a government has a deliberate policy of trying to reduce the amount of
money it spends (经济的)紧缩
dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/ n. something that causes action or change ( 导致某种行动或变化的)动力，
活力
incrementally /ˌinkri'məntəli/ adv. happening gradually over time 逐渐地，逐步地
dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ adj. more powerful, important, or noticeable than other
people or things 占优势的，支配的
diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ v. to become or make something become smaller or less 减少，减
小
perception /pəˈsepʃn/ n. the way that you think about something or the impression you
have of it 理解，看法 resonant /ˈrezənənt/ adj. (a sound) deep, loud, and clear, and
continues for a long time (声音)洪亮的，回荡的
risible /ˈrɪzəbl/ adj. ridiculous to such an extent that something does not deserve to be
taken seriously 可笑的，滑稽的
proportionate /prəˈpɔ:ʃənət/ adj. agreeing in amount, magnitude, or degree 成  比  例
的，相称的
diaspora /daɪˈæspərə/ n. the spreading of people from a national group or culture to
other areas 大移居 psyche /ˈsaɪki/ n. someone’s mind, or their deepest feelings, which
control their attitudes and behaviour 心灵，灵魂
strategic /strəˈti:dʒɪk/ adj. done as part of a plan, especially in a military, business, or
political situation 战略性的，策略上的 be prone to 很可能…的，有…倾向的
bloc /blɒk/n. a large group of countries that have similar political aims and interests and
that act together over some issues 阵营，集团
fracture /ˈfræktʃə(r)/ v. to divide into parts in an unfriendly way because of
disagreement 分裂 

Part I Before Reading

( Student’s Book) Vocabulary Exercise

Directions: Replace the underlined part in each of the following sentences with the
correct form of the word or phrase from the box.
hub, risible, dominant, incrementally, dissolution, consolidate, civic, prone to, preside
over, abide by
1. (consolidate) The company is planning to combine its business activities at a new
site in Arizona.
2. (incrementally) During their attempt to build a harmonious team, their individual
productivity had been lost gradually.
3. (hub) Terminal One of Heathrow will be renovated this summer to secure its place
as

Europe’s main international center.

4. (risible) We maintain that the explanation put forward at this juncture is ridiculous
and should not in any way be taken into account.
5. (dissolution) We still carry on non-violent demonstrations as long as other people
support us and as long as the government still says “no” to the end of parliament.
6. (abide by) In a sharp attack on Iranian leaders last Friday, the former President
warned those in power to follow the will of the people and heal the wounds of the
recent crisis.
7. (prone to) For all her 20-year experience as a television reporter, she is still likely
to suffer from camera nerves.
8. (dominant) Trade Minister Simon Seed says expanding Islamic banking would
help Australia become a ruling player in regional financing.
9. (civic) The Prime Minister said that the elections took place in very good
conditions and he congratulated voters for their spirit of responsibility and their
sense of civil duty.
10. (presided over) The Finch family have been in charge of the company in the past
half century.

Part II While Reading

( Student’s Book) Comprehension Check

Directions: Answer the following questions or decide whether the statements agree
with the information given in the reading selection and mark the following statements
true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
1. Why does Norway serve as a warning to enthusiastic “outers” in terms of
immigration issues? Many experts view it as likely that British access to the single
market will come at the price of a free movement arrangement similar to the one that
is in place now. Norway, which is not in the EU but is a member of the European
Economic Area, serves as a warning to enthusiastic “outers”: as a recent study by
Open Europe showed, in 2013 Norway was the destination of more than twice as
many EU migrants per head as the UK.
2. What would be the basic “requirements for entry” for EU nationals in terms of British
immigration control policies after the Brexit?
proof of income, intention to return and lack of intention to work
3. T/F/NG EU nationals no longer have to pay full tuition fees at British universities,
and would have access to student loans after the Brexit. (N)
4. Explain in your own words the situation described in this paragraph:
(Omitted)
5. How does the first sentence in the part of “Status in Europe” “A consensus holds that
a Brexit would diminish the status of the UK and EU alike, by varying degrees”
correspond to the last sentence “In an ageing continent incrementally losing its
 global market share and political reach, managing decline is not a purely British
phenomenon”? (Omitted)
6. T/F/NG Beijing believes that a British exit from the EU would diminish rather
than enhance the country’s standing and influence. But Washington does not share
this view. (F)
7. T/F/NG France has different views from most of the other countries about British
position in the world after leaving the EU because of its stronger associations and
strategic relationship with the UK. (NG)

Reading C How Europe Can Save Itself After Brexit

Useful Words & Expressions

dazed /deɪzd/ adj. confused and unable to think clearly, often because of shock or a
blow to the head 头昏眼花的
militarism /ˈmɪlɪtərɪzəm/ n. a political orientation of a people or a government to
maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or
promote national interests 军国主义 conflagration /ˌkɒnfləˈgreɪʃn/ n. a fire that burns
over a large area and destroys
property 大火，火灾
supranational /ˌsu:prəˈnæʃnəl/ adj. involving or relating to more than one country 多国的，超国
家的
periphery /pəˈrɪfəri/ n. the outside boundary or surface of something 周边，边缘
scandalously /ˈskændələsli/ adv. in a scandalous manner 诽谤性地；过分地 ward
off 避开；阻挡
debilitating /dɪ'bɪlɪteɪtɪŋ/ adj. impairing the strength and vitality 使虚弱的
bout /baʊt/ n. a short time during which something unpleasant occurs a great deal 一段时间，一
次爆发
deflation /ˌdi:ˈfleɪʃn/ n. a contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of
prices 通货紧缩
calamitous /kəˈlæmɪtəs/ adj. (of events) having extremely unfortunate or dire
consequences 灾难性的，多灾多难的
jilt /dʒɪlt/ v. to cast aside capriciously or unfeelingly 抛弃
huffily /'hʌfili/ adv. in an angry manner 发怒地 cheerio
/ˌtʃɪəriˈəʊ/ n. a farewell greeting 再见，好呀
salvage /ˈsælvɪdʒ/ v. to save from ruin, destruction, or harm  救助，打捞
formulation /ˌfɔ:mjʊ'leɪʃn/ n. inventing or contriving an idea or
explanation and formulating it mentally  规划，构想
legitimate /lɪˈdʒɪtɪmət/ adj. authorized, sanctioned by, or in accordance with law 合法的

wring /rɪŋ/ v. to twist and press something out of shape  紧 握 ， 拧 ， 绞

disintegration /dɪsˌɪntɪ'ɡreɪʃn/ n. separation into component parts  分解，瓦解
without precedent 史无先例
electrify /ɪˈlektrɪfaɪ/ v. to excite someone suddenly and intensely  使 激 动 referendum
/ˌrefəˈrendəm/ n. the act of asking the people of a country to vote on the policy and show whether
or not they agree with it 全民公投
populist /'pɒpjəlɪst/ adj. caring about the interests and opinions of ordinary people rather than those
of a small group 平民主义的
quota /ˈkwəʊtə/ n. a proportional share assigned to each participant 配额，定额
mythology /mɪˈθɒlədʒi/ n. the beliefs or opinions that people have about something, when you
think that they are false or untrue  神话
analogy /əˈnælədʒi/ n. drawing a comparison in order to show a similarity in some respect  类比，
类推 tip over 翻倒
on cue 恰好在这时
ornery /ˈɔ:nəri/ adj. having a difficult and contrary disposition  坏脾气的
specter /'spektə/ n. a ghostly appearing figure  幽灵
federation /ˌfedəˈreɪʃn/ n. an organization formed by merging several groups or parties  联合，联邦
preposterous /prɪˈpɒstərəs/ adj. inviting ridicule 荒谬的，可笑的
hysteria /hɪˈstɪəriə/ n. a state of uncontrolled excitement, anger, or panic  歇斯底里
agenda /əˈdʒendə/ n. a list of the items that have to be discussed at a meeting  议事日程，议题
diplomat /ˈdɪpləmæt/ n. a senior official who discusses affairs with another country on behalf of his
or her own country, usually working as a member of an embassy 外交官 slash /slæʃ/ v. to reduce
something by a large amount 大幅度削减
red tape 繁文缛节，官样文章
formalize /ˈfɔ:məlaɪz/ v. to make something formal or official 使正式化，使官方化
scrutiny /ˈskru:təni/ n. the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes) 详细审查
in the wake of 随着…而来；作为…的结果
get bogged down 陷入困境；停滞
mindset /ˈmaɪndset/ n. a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will
interpret and respond to situations 思维模式，心态
priority /praɪˈɒrəti/ n. the most important thing you have to do or deal with, or must be done or dealt
with before everything else you have to do  优先处理的事，优先权 brew /bru:/ v. to start to develop
(危机、困境等)  酝酿
revolt /rɪˈvəʊlt/ n. a refusal to accept the authority of someone or something 反抗，抵制
disparity /dɪˈspærəti/ n. a noticeable difference between two or more things  明显差 
异
steam /sti:m/ v. get very angry  发怒 tatter /ˈtætəd/ v. to make or
become ragged or worn to shreds 撕碎 fiscal /ˈfɪskl/ adj. 
involving financial matters 财政的，会计的
dictate /dɪkˈteɪt/ v. to say or state (something) with authority or power 规定 grandiose
/ˈgrændiəʊs/ adj. bigger or more elaborate than necessary 华而不实的
codify /ˈkəʊdɪfaɪ/ v. to define something or present it in a clear and ordered way  编篡，编成法典
deutsche /'dɔɪtʃ/ adj. of or relating to Germany 德国的 fury
/ˈfjʊəri/ n. a feeling of intense anger 狂怒
merit /ˈmerɪt/ n. any admirable quality or attribute  优点，好处

transparency /trænsˈpærənsi/ n. the quality of being clear and transparent 透明，透明度

accountability /əˌkaʊntə'bɪlətɪ/ n. responsibility to someone or for some activity  有义务，有责任
nominate /ˈnɒmɪneɪt/ v. to propose someone as a candidate for some honor  推荐，提名
nominee /ˌnɒmɪˈni:/ n. someone who is nominated for a job, position, or award 候选人

Part I Before Reading

( Student’s Book) Vocabulary Exercise

Directions: Choose the best word or phrase to complete the sentences.
1. The government tried to __________ several business companies from bankruptcy.
A. salvage√ B. electrify C. steam D. jilt
2. If he's out on __________ business, he doesn't need an alibi.
A. ornery B. populist C. legitimate√ D. fiscal
3. By the end of this week one of them will have been __________ by the Democratic
Party for the presidency of the United States. 
A. formalized B. dictated C. wrung D. nominated √
4. The central government made several new policies in succession to narrow the
economic __________ between the east part and west part of China.
A. merits B. scrutiny C. disparities √ D. bouts
5. Dr. Larry Clinton, who works at the cutting edge of heart pump technology, likes
to use the history of human flight as a (n) __________ for the evolution in his field.
A. mythology B. mindset C. referendum D. analogy √

6. The lack of vigilance may lead to human errors and result in ___________

accidents which take people’s lives.

A. calamitous √ B. supranational C. debilitating D. preposterous
7. I know you want to buy a new stereo, but right now, saving for college has to take
_________.
A. federation B. conflagration C. disintegration D. priority √
8. The company has ____________ prices to increase sales.
A. tattered B. codified C. slashed√ D. brewed
9. Airport security was extra tight __________ of yesterday’s bomb attacks.
A. on cue B. in the wake √ C. red tap D. without precedent
10. After protracted discussion, the committee eventually set the __________ for the
next several years of research.
A. agenda√ B. quota C. periphery D. militarism 

Part II While Reading

( Student’s Book) Comprehension Check

Directions: Answer the following questions or decide whether the statements agree
with the information given in the reading selection and mark the following statements
true (T), false (F) or not given (NG).
1. Even if you may not know the exact meaning of the word “conflagrations” in the
first paragraph, it is at least possible to feel its negative implication with the help of
context clues. Can you use your knowledge of stems and affixes to help you
remember the spelling of the word?
(Omitted)
2. Analyze the word part clues of the word “periphery” in the third paragraph. Do you
know any other words that have the same stems or affixes?
perimeter; periscope
3. Why does the author describe Europe’s immigration policy as “calamitous”?
Europe’s immigration policy is arguably the major reason for the stunning Brexit
vote. U.K.

Prime Minister David Cameron publicly blamed the Brexit outcome on the EU’s

unwillingness to give him “an emergency brake” with which to control migration.
4. What are the comments made by Dalibor Rohac on what the EU has achieved in
the past decades?
What is undeniable is that “for 70 years, Europe’s great powers have been at peace.”
And “by historical standards, the era of European integration is the closest that
European nations have come to limited, constitutional, democratic government. For
all of its ‘socialist’ excesses, the degree of economic openness in the EU is without
precedent.”
5. Is the vision of a “United States of Europe” related to policies of “more Europe” or
“less”? More.
6. What has Frans Timmerman done to the EU’s “legendary red tape”?

Last year, he forced Eurocrats and members of the European Parliament to withdraw

80 proposals from the EU’s “work program” for the year. In December, after six
months of negotiations, the EU’s institutions formalized Timmerman’s “better
regulation” agenda, which included things like a “regulatory scrutiny board” that
will do cost-benefit analysis on any regulation or planned legislation in the European

Parliament.
7. T/F/NG It can be inferred from the passage the author believes the EU should take
“less Europe” policies in order to deal with the crisis. ( T )

(In the wake of Brexit, the EU needs to make sure Timmerman’s agenda doesn’t get
bogged down in what he has called “Brussels logic,” in which “more Europe” has
been defined as more regulation and more legislation.)
8. Why is the EU referred to as a “transfer union” by the author?
The EU is one that funnels massive amounts of money from wealthy northern
countries to the basket cases in the south and the east. Between 2014 and 2020, the
EU is planning to spend 350 billion euros to help narrow economic disparities
between member states.
9. T/F/NG In the eurozone, a common currency with a common federal budget has led
to fiscal disasters and banking crises in such countries as Greece and Italy. ( F )
10. What proposals have been made by Simon Hix to make the EU more democratic?
National political party leaders should nominate candidates for the presidency of the
European
Commission; those nominees should then lay out a platform as to what the EU’s
agenda would be during their term; and they should hold televised debates before
the European Parliament, whose members would then cast votes for their preferred
candidate.

Reading D Tourism for Survival

Useful Words & Expressions

tiled /taɪld/ adj. covered or furnished with tiles 铺瓦的

eave /iːv/ n. (usu. in plural) the lower border of a roof that overhangs the wall 屋檐
deftly /deftli/ adv. characterized by facility and skill 熟练地，灵巧地 indigo
/'ɪndɪɡəʊ/ n. a blue-violet color 靛蓝色
heritage /'herɪtɪdʒ/ n. something transmitted by or acquired from a predecessor 遗产，传统
on a par with 与…同等

magnet /'mæɡnət/ n. something that attracts 有吸引力的事物 cater

for 迎合，投合

cradle /'kreɪdl/ v. to hold or place in or as if in a cradle 把...放在摇篮内 pagoda /pə'ɡəʊdə/ n. a

tower in eastern Asia usually with roofs curving upward at

the division of each of several stories and erected as a temple or memorial 宝塔
tarpaulin /tɑː'pɔːlɪn/ n. a fabric made of canvas or similar material coated with tar, wax, paint, or
some other waterproof substance 防水布 far flung 偏远的
provincial /prə'vɪnʃl/ adj. of or associated with a province 省的 bid
/bɪd/ n. an attempt or effort to win, achieve, or attract 努力争取
warrant /'wɒrənt/ v. to show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for 使…… 显得必要;
使……显得适当
inscribe /ɪn'skraɪb/ v. to write, engrave, or print as a lasting record 铭刻于
UNESCO abbr. 联合国教育科学文化组织 (United Nations Educational Scientific and
Cultural Organization)
advent /'ædvent/ n. arrival that has been awaited (especially of
something momentous) 到来，出现
picturesque /ˌpɪktʃə'resk/ adj. pretty as a picture 似画的，自然美的 chronicle /'krɒnɪkl/ v. to record
in chronological order 按发生时间顺序记录 earmark /'ɪəmɑːk/ v. to give or assign a resource to
a particular person or cause 留出
surge /sɜːdʒ/ v. to increase suddenly and greatly, after being steady or developing only slowly 剧增
clog /klɒɡ/ v. to block a place so that nothing can pass through 堵塞
entice /ɪn'taɪs/ v. to try to persuade someone to go to a place or to do something 诱使，怂恿
affluent /'æfluənt/ adj. having a lot of money 富裕的 uneven
/ʌn'iːvn/ adj. unfairly arranged or organized 不均衡的 take
one’s toll on 对…造成危害
tentative /'tentətɪv/ adj. not fully worked out or developed 暂定的，初步的
unbridled /ʌn'braɪdld/ adj. not restrained or controlled 不受控制的，不受约束的
degrading /dɪ'ɡreɪdɪŋ/ adj. characterized by dishonor 可耻的，有辱人格的
jeopardize /'dʒepədaɪz/ v. to expose something to danger or risk 危害
upgrade /ˌʌp'ɡreɪd/ n. an improvement which makes something more efficient 升级
pending /'pendɪŋ/ adj. going to happen soon 即将发生的
( Student’s Book) Vocabulary Exercise
Directions: Replace the underlined part in each of the following sentences with the
correct form of the word or phrase from the box. Change the form where necessary.
jeopardize, entice, bid, warrant, affluent, advent, surge, cater for, take its toll on, on a
par with
1. (advent) With the arrival and popularity of the home computer, its advantages and
disadvantages have been a subject of discussion.
2. (jeopardize) The local government is rather reluctant to take the steps that will
probably hazard economic growth and risk political instability.
3. (take its toll on) If you keep working so hard without much rest, the stress will
eventually harm your health.
4. (bid) The scandal aimed at sinking the candidate’s attempt for the Presidency.
5. (warrants) The writing was poor, but it hardly justifies that kind of insulting
criticism.
6. (affluent) The wealthy nations have produced half of the world's environmental
destruction while paying only 3% of its costs.
7. (entice) They'll try to tempt thousands of doctors to move from the cities to the
rural areas by paying them better salaries.
8. (on a par with) In terms of efficiency, the new version of the software is equal to
the old one.
9. (surged) Shortly after the release of the new policy, the stock market rose to a record
high.
10. (cater for) As a child, he was spoiled by his parents who tried every possible means
to meet all his needs.

Part II While Reading

( Student’s Book) Comprehension Check Skimming

Directions: Below is a list of headings (A-F) that can fit into the numbered gaps in the
passage. Read the selection once quickly and choose the correct headings to fill in the
gaps. There is one extra heading which is not proper for any gap.
A. Tourism cost
B. Status quo
C. Balance
D. Opportunity brought by tourism
E. Untouched charm
F. Commercialization
Key: 1. B 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. C

Reading E Hotels Lure Neighborhood Residents with Perks, No

Check-In Required3

Useful Words & Expressions

lure /lʊə(r)/ v. trick them into a particular place or to trick them into doing something
that they should not do 引诱 perk /pɜːk/ n. special benefit given to people who have a
particular job or belong to a particular group 特殊待遇
yoga /'jəʊɡə/ n. a type of exercise in which you move your body into various positions
in order to become more fit or flexible, to improve your breathing, and to relax your
mind 瑜伽
Pilates /pɪ'lɑːtiːz/ n. a type of exercise similar to yoga 普拉提
lounge /laʊndʒ/ v. sit or lie somewhere in a relaxed or lazy way 懒洋洋地坐着，懒散
地躺着
discomfit /dɪs'kʌmfɪt/ v. to cause someone to feel slightly embarrassed or confused
（使）难堪
upscale /ˌʌp'skeɪl/ adj. used to describe products or services that are expensive, of
good quality, and intended to appeal to people in a high social class 高档的 robust
/rəʊ'bʌst/ adj. very strong or healthy 健壮的 rebound /rɪ'baʊnd/ v. return to a former
condition 弹回，回升
downturn /'daʊntɜːn/ n. a worsening of business or economic activity （经济）衰退，
滑坡

3 From http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324879504578597631652815320.html
revenue /'revənjuː/ n. money that a company, organization, or government receives from people （公
司、组织或政府的） 收入
banquet /'bæŋkwɪt/ n. a grand formal dinner 正式宴会

underutilized /ˌʌndə'juːtəlaɪzd/ adj. not being used to something’s utmost capacity 未尽其用的

revamp /ˌriː'væmp/ v. make changes to something in order to try and improve it 修改，改进
sleek /sliːk/ adj. smooth, shiny, and expensive 豪华的
catering /'keɪtərɪŋ/ n. the activity of providing food and drink for a large number of
people, for example, at weddings and parties 餐饮供应， 酒席承办
lobster /'lɒbstə(r)/ n. a sea creature that has a hard shell, two large claws, and eight legs 龙虾 cabana
/kɑː'bɑːnjɑː/ n. a small tent used as a dressing room beside the sea or a swimming pool 换衣棚
prosecco /'prəʊsəkəʊ/ n. an Italian wine 普罗塞克（一种全球知名的意大利葡萄酒）
pitcher /'pɪtʃə(r)/ n. a cylindrical container with a handle and is used for holding and pouring liquids
壶
sangria /'sæŋɡriə/ n. a Spanish drink made of red wine, orange or lemon juice, soda, and brandy (西
班牙)桑格利亚汽酒
initiation /ɪˌnɪʃi'eɪʃn/ n. a formal entry into an organization or position or office 入会
lavish /'lævɪʃ/ adj. characterized by extravagance and profusion 盛大奢华的 boost
/buːst/ v. to cause something to increase, improve, or be more successful 促进
backfire /ˌbæk'faɪə(r)/ v. to have the opposite result to the one that was intended 事与愿违
yank /jæŋk/ v. to pull, or move with a sudden movement 急抽
infinity /ɪn'fɪnəti/ n. a point that is further away than any other point and can never be reached 无限
远的点

( Student’s Book) Vocabulary Exercise

Directions: Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word or phrase from the box.
Make changes where necessary.
backfire, downturn, upscale, discount, lure, lavish, initiation, revamp, revenue, boost
1. A surplus of exports over imports will boost employment.
2. Joe had to run a full marathon as part of his initiation into the sport club.
3. The findings, published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders, suggest
that for some heavy children, dieting can backfire.
4. In times of economic downturn, the risk of budget deficits will re-emerge.
5. Commercial television channels are mainly financed by advertising revenue.
6. The cost of his lavish lifestyle took a tremendous toll on his fortunes.
7. The enticement of big cities has lured more and more young people away from
their homes in the countryside.
8. Our company specializes in luxury home decoration that is both upscale and unique.
9. In the face of increasing competition in the search market, Google has been
developing new technology to revamp its search engine.
10. Discounts on the price of travel, meals, home furnishings, car parts, etc. are
available to club members.

Part II While Reading

( Student’s Book) Comprehension Check

Directions: For each of the questions or unfinished statements below, there are four
choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice to answer the questions or
complete the statements.
1. To attract people from surrounding communities, Rosewood provides its club
members with many privileges except _____.

A. access to the hotel’s gym

B. access to spa and pool
C. discounts on meals and drinks
D. a $1,000-a-month club for couples √
2. The word “perks” in Paragraph 3 probably means _____.
A. hotel services
B. additional advantages √
C. commercial products
D. extra money
3. According to the passage, _____ increased in 2012.
A. revenues from meetings
B. revenues from spa
C. room revenues √
D. retail revenues
4. Which statement is NOT true according the passage?
A. Hotels are trying to draw local residents for work.
B. People are encouraged to find meeting spaces in hotels.
C. People are entitled to a free spot at the Bethesda Marriott in Maryland. √
D. People who find workspace in hotels are also expected to spend money on food
and drinks.
5. Hotels cooperate with office-furniture company Steelcase in order to _____.
A. increase occupancy rates of meeting spaces √
B. offer better service for food and drinks
C. promote the sales of the furniture
D. charge $189 a person for a full day
6. Which statement is NOT true about the Workspring designed by Marriott Hotels and
their partners?
A. It’s a clean and high-tech working place.
B. It has lured nearby office people for small meetings.
C. Its food is much better than Microsoft catering.
D. It offers lobster every day. √
7. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Guests with hotel memberships can enjoy a free use of the tennis courts.
B. People with second homes want the perks of a resort or country club. C. Some
people are waiting for hotel memberships. √
D. Hotels’ efforts always lead to a satisfactory result.