UNIVERSITY AUTÓNOMA ESPAÑA

DE DURANGO

ARCHITECTURE

FIRST CUATRIMESTRE

GENERAL ENGLISH I

HISTORY ABOUT MY CAREER

TEACHER: D.C. SARA ALEJANDRA ZAVALA

BETANCOURT.

STUDENT: MAURICIO IVAN BUENO LEAL

Durango, Dgo., September 2021

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 CONTENT
Introduction

1. - History about the architecture

1.1 The history of architecture in prehistory

1.2 In ancient times

1.3 Egyptian architecture

1.4 Greek architecture

1.5 Architecture in Roman times

1.6 Byzantine architecture

1.7 Medieval architecture

1.8 The Renaissance: a breaking point in the history of architecture

Chronology

1.9 Baroque architecture

1.10 Neoclassicism

1.11 Modern architecture

1.12 Contemporary architecture

Conclusion

References

Bibliography

Annexes

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 INTRODUCTION
The study of the history of architecture for the formation of future
professionals is very important. It is necessary to have solid knowing in technical
matters such as architectural design, structural design, building installations, costs
and work budgets; since they are the "backbone" of the architecture career; and they
are the knowing that is mainly required to function in the labor field in Mexico.
Unfortunately, knowing of the architecture history and theory architecture, which are
essential for understand what architecture is really considered an art; are not
importance or taken into account when applying for a job in architecture, today.

This being a big mistake, since no taking these disciplines into account
causes the construction of buildings that cannot do classified in architecture, creating
constructions that only comply with the functional aspect, but without understanding
the reason for their form, the concept principal, It if exists, for its creation, or they go
accord to the socio-cultural and economic context in Mexico.

This results in that there is no uniform city, and if there is a certain uniformity
it causes the context and existing typologies to break down, resulting in an almost
total and irreversible urban and architectural problem. Nevertheless; It is our
obligation as architects, to rescue from the beginning of our training its great
importance and application of this knowledge and not only to be builders or
technicians; and thus achieve the main and essential objective of our profession: to
make architecture ... an art.

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 HISTORY ABOUT THE ARCHITECTURE
The history of architecture represents one of the most visible and lasting forms
of expression of the human being. Since time The history of architecture is one of the
most obvious and enduring forms of human expression. From the age of the pyramids
in Egypt to the Pantheon in ancient Greece, architecture has always been an
expression of our culture.

The history of architecture accompanies the development of society, based on

the need to organize and decorate spaces, especially urban ones. In other words,
architecture is the art that arises from the relationship between people and space,
thus organizing the environment.

The study of the history of architecture must be in time and space like any
other form of art. Architectural phenomena actually vary with successive styles from
different historical periods, and the differences are substantial between regions, up to
the fragmentation of modern languages and the survival of various architectural
manifestations.

The history of architecture is almost as long as the history of humanity and can
be just as complex. It can be said that the exact origin of the building dates back to
the Neolithic period around 10,000 BC. C., simply when people stopped living in
caves and started managing the way they wanted the house to be.

The buildings we are used to talking about today are often judged in terms of
visuals and visual sensations, but the need to design architectural artifacts is clearly
not due to a simple aesthetic necessity. It can be said that the history of architecture
is directly related to human evolution. When humans began to build to protect
themselves from predators and natural phenomena, architecture emerged.

We can also say that the history of architecture is a branch of the history of art
and the history of art is a discipline that studies the development of the history of
architecture and the principles, ideas and its achievements.

Ancient structures that we can see and record today belong to the most
developed and powerful society, and ancient structures have existed for thousands of

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years for them, we know how carefully they guarded them. With this in mind, it's no
wonder that one of the best-preserved ancient structures is Roman architecture.
Although he is not the oldest.

The ancient structures that we can see and record today are among the most
powerful and developed societies, and the structures that have survived for
thousands of years tell us they were carefully guarded. With this in mind, it is not
surprising that Roman architecture is among the best preserved of ancient
architecture. Although he is not the oldest.

The use of buildings erected in ancient times and those that are preserved to
this day is different. So we have sacred ruins, dedicated to the gods and built for
religious purposes, and ruins built for (laity). It also perfectly illustrates the nature of
various architectural stories. Interestingly, ancient civilizations believed more strongly
in life after death, the preservation of bodies was another major source of inspiration
for architectural design, which is why some ancient buildings The best in the world
are actually mausoleums (like Mastaba in Egypt). and pyramids). [Image1]

The history of architecture in prehistory

The history of architecture begins in prehistory, more precisely in the Neolithic,
when the first monuments begin to appear and man begins to master the art of stone
carving.Now, you can see that architecture is associated with the concept of shelter
not only because of the cold, but also because of possible predators. Here we saw
"houses" carved out of the cave. [Image2]

In ancient times
As time passes, things change and so does the human being. As this evolves,
the dangers also begin to increase and here we will see an essentially military
architecture. Do not forget that it was during this period that the first cities appeared
and that their protection was done through walls and protection against external
threats.

But right now, not only military architecture develops, but also religious
architecture. We are in a time when human beings are faced with a world full of living

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gods, geniuses, and demons. There was still no scientific view of things here, so
divine power was the basis of daily life through respect or worship. Therefore, at this
time the main buildings of a city were palaces and temples. The first "houses" appear
in the Middle East and Central Asia, and during this period the material used for the
construction of houses was clay, mud bricks and wood. [Image3]

Egyptian architecture
The history of architecture shows us that in IV a. C., will be the political
unification of the peoples that inhabited the banks of the Nile River and is what will
give rise to the Egyptian civilization. Their first buildings were converted to their gods
and pharaohs, thus building temples and tombs. And for its construction they used
raw bricks, but since they believed that everything should last forever, they began to
use stone in their buildings. The first Egyptian architect was Imhotep in 300 BC. C.,
because he was responsible for the construction of the first pyramid in Egypt.
[Image4]

Greek architecture

The society of ancient Greece was the one that introduced the concept of
public spaces, with the advent of the public square called agora. With an emphasis on
civic life, ancient Greek architecture was born out of democracy and dedicated to the
people. The temple was part of the agora and, although monumental, its character
was open and the program was reversed: the rituals were carried out outside the
temple. [Image5]

Roman architecture

After the Romans had conquered the Greek territories, virtually seized power
and had a strong influence on most western architecture, the Romans introduced
quite a few immense innovations: the arch and concrete, although it was a little
different from the material we use extensively. today. The rest is literally history: it
was finally possible to build the dome, an early example of which we can see as part
of the Pantheon and work with different types of arcades, helping the Romans to
make their aqueducts and triumphal gates. [Image6]

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 Byzantine architecture

Additionally, ancient Roman architecture served as the starting point for

Byzantine architecture, which became independent once the Eastern Roman Empire
broke away from Rome and established a capital in Constantinople. One of their main
contributions is the further development of the dome, as they found a way to lift it on
springs, using the three-dimensional triangular surfaces called pendentives. [Image7]

Medieval architecture

The medieval period was almost as dark in architecture as in other respects.

The first things that come to your mind when you think of the Middle Ages must be
wars and crusades, and it is quite obvious that most of the architecture that survived
all the following years is that used for defense. You will rarely come across the civic
architecture of today's medieval times, but you will have the chance to see an early
medieval castle or fortress here and there. However, in the late Middle Ages, three
styles historically classified as "medieval" appeared in succession: pre-Romanesque,
Romanesque, and Gothic architecture, all of which had roots in Europe. [Image8]

The Renaissance: a breaking point in the history of

architecture Chronology

Finally, in the early 15th century in Italy, which never really embraced the
Gothic style in its entirety, the Renaissance introduced new ways of looking at reality,
and most of it was mediated through architecture. The Renaissance meant re-
evaluating classical antiquity and associating mathematics with aesthetics, enhancing
the discipline and connecting the dots necessary to reestablish architecture as an all-
encompassing profession. [Image9]

Baroque architecture

The Renaissance was characterized by symmetrical plans and facades, pillars

and pilasters that adhered to the interior spatial organization, and a general concern
for order and mathematical logic. On the other hand, the Baroque style promoted a
more diversified and free approach to architectural design, driven by fun rather than

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rationalism. It was characterized by fragmentary ornamental elements (especially on
the façade), plans that were not necessarily symmetrical, and a general lack of
correspondence between the interior and exterior of a building. [Image10]

Modern architecture

Modern (or modernist) architecture literally upset the entire architectural design
context. Coinciding with some of the major cultural movements, such as the Bauhaus
and De Stijl, he introduced functionalism and an architectural form purified to the most
radical extremes. It can be argued that it was simultaneously freed and imprisoned,
making architecture free (of ornament) and confined (by universal language).

Despite the latter and the fact that its scope is still quite vague, even from
today's point of view, modernism became one of the most important changes in
architectural design and expression. Its importance lies in the fact that it continues to
inspire architects today, both in a good and bad way, and of course, because it was
able to evoke a critical response: postmodernism. [Image11]

Contemporary architecture

Contemporary architecture refers to the architectural styles of the current

times. We find buildings within a wide range of uses and that are designed and built
from the last 20 or 30 years onwards. These buildings are different from modern
buildings, and they lack any traits of historical architectural styles.

Technological improvements, especially computer programs, but also those

directly related to construction, make almost everything seem possible. [Imag12]

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 CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that architecture was created when the human being had
the need to be sure of nature, that is, from the outside and the dangers that coexist in
it entails.It is very interesting to realize that the more the human intellect advances
more we want to make monumental buildings that pay tribute to the god of the
moment.

It is very impressive how throughout the history of architecture, this change its
style or rather it adapted to the demands of the historical stage, going from large
ornate monuments closed from the outside, full of details and art, to spaces that are
relatively empty and full of only the essentials with sober colors and especially areas
integrated into nature, I feel that more and more we are taking architecture to the
origins for which we believe it is the separation of nature and now the trend is the On
the contrary, it is to integrate even more to it, so much so that current homes tend to
be self-sustainable and friendly with nature, I feel that it is the best alternative we
have due to the current situation in which we live, we can no longer continue living in
places that do not integrate with nature and do not break the natural cycle.

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 REFERENCES
1.- (Sanchez, s/f)

Sanchez, O. A. D. (s/f). Historia de la arquitectura I. Org.mx. Recuperado el 17

de septiembre de 2021, de

http://www.aliat.org.mx/BibliotecasDigitales/construccion/Historia_de_la_arquit

ectura_I/Historia_de_la_arquitectura_I-Parte1.pdf

2.- (Arquitectura. Toda La Historia, n.d.)

Arquitectura. Toda La Historia. (n.d.). Com.Mx. Retrieved September 18, 2021,

from https://ikali.com.mx/IKA-176085-arquitectura-toda-la-historia/

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.- Chueca Goitia, F., 2000. Historia de la arquitectura occidental. 2nd ed. Madrid:

Dossatt.

2.- Ching, F., 2015. Arquitectura. Barcelona: Editorial Gustavo Gili.

3.- FranCis D. K., 2011. Una historia universal de la arquitectura: Vol 1 de las culturas

primitivas al siglo XIV: Editorial GG

4.- FranCis D. K., 2011. Una historia universal de la arquitectura: Vol 2 del siglo XV a

nuestros días: Editorial GG

5.- Teresa G., 2010 Breve Historia de la arquitectura. 2na ed. Alejandria: Dowtilus

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ANNEXES

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