Experiment No:14

Estimation of Volatile and Fixed Solids in a

given water Sample
Total Volatile and Fixed Solids:
The standard procedure for TVS is to conduct ignition at
550±50OC. it is the lowest temperature at which organic matters
can be oxidized at reasonable speed. Also at this temperature
decomposition of inorganic salts is minimized. Any ammonium
compounds not realized during drying and volatilized.
In the determination of volatile content of suspended solids,
dissolved inorganic salts are not in consideration because they
are removed during filtration.

Apparatus:
Same as for total solids and total suspended solids

Procedure:
 Ignite residue produced by TSS to constant weight in a
muffle furnace at 550±50OC
 Usually 15-20 minutes ignition are required.
 Let the dish cool partially in air until most of the heat has
been dissipated
 Bring it to room temperature and weigh it to a constant
temperature.
Calculations:
mg. of Volatile Solids ( A−B ) × 1000
=
lit ml of sample

( B−C ) ×1000
mg . of ¿ Solids ¿ =
lit ml of sample

Where A = wt. of residue + dish before ignition (mg)

B = wt. of residue + dish after ignition (mg)
C = wt. of dish (mg)

Application of Data:
1. Some dissolved organic chemicals may deplete the
dissolved oxygen in the receiving waters and some may be
inert to biological oxidation, yet others have been identified as
carcinogens.
2. The total dissolved determination is useful for the sewage to
find it’s suitability for agriculture purpose.