6 11 _ Fig. 11.1 shows the heat flow through the skin of an athlete during vigorous exercise. Exercise starts at 400 seconds. 300-7 250-4 heat flow | T s (Wm) 1504 100+ & 504 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 / time (8) exercise starts Fig. 1.1 Blood flow can be directed to those parts of the body that make the greatest demands. Which row gives the best explanation of the stages in Fig. 11.1? R s T A Blood directed away from | Blood directed towards skin Balance achieved between skin to avoid excess heat to release excess heat loss of excess heat and the loss need for oxygen in the muscles B Blood directed away from Blood directed towards skin Balance achieved between skin and towards the to release excess heat heat loss and excess heat muscles to supply more created in the muscles oxygen for respiration C_ | Blood directed away from | Blood directed towards skin | Balance achieved between skin to avoid excess heat to gain heat from the heat loss and excess heat loss environment created in the muscles D Blood directed away from | Blood directed towards skin Balance achieved between skin and towards the to gain heat from the loss of excess heat and the muscles to supply more environment need for oxygen in the oxygen for respiration muscles. ‘Your answer ul15:12 Sat 18 Sep FO 30% 8) @ ocr.org.uk 6 35 of 48 +H420/01 Mark Scheme June 20XX Section A \swer A B c A D A B A c A B A Cc B cOe Which of the options, A to D, correctly describes how an endotherm would respond to an increase in temperature? A dilation of arterioles near the surface of the skin B__ erector muscles contract, causing hairs to stand up C rapid contractions of skeletal muscles D sweat glands release less sweat Your answer ra4204/01 Mark Scheme June 2017 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 13 als‘H420A/01 Mark Scheme June 2017 Question ‘Answer Marks Guidance 16 (a) (i) imax scales and hair help to reduce heat loss ¥ generate heat from respiration metabolism ¥ ALLOW generate heat internaly IGNORE temperature @ @ 2max | Mps 7 and 2 ALLOW ora for mammals (must be comparative) (insects are smaller and) have a , large(®)/ AW , surface ALLOW SA\V/ surface area relative to volume area to volume ratio v (insects have) greater rate of heat loss ALLOW lose heat more , quickly / easily mammals and birds have , more effective / thicker ALLOW have fat under skin insulation ¥ ALLOW ora for insects (must be comparative) ref to a method of more precise control of body thermoregulatory centre / heat gain / heat temperature in birds and mammals ¥ loss centre €.g. vasodilation / vasoconstriction 8.9. sweating / shivering / hairs standing up 16 (bh) 1 spiracle (s) ¥ ALLOW stigma(ta) DO NOT ALLOW stomata ® @ 1 trachea(!) (fluid) IGNORE haemolymph IGNORE tracheole16:02 Sat 18 Sep = A 13%0_) @ ocr.org.uk 420/01 Mark Scheme June 2019 Question Answer Marks | Guidance 79] @) have , thin wall/ valves , so wil, distend /bulge 7 3 large lumen / wide , as contains , large volume of / slow-moving , blood ¥ found closer to the , surface / skin , than arteries ¥ ALLOW ORA eg. arteries are found further away from surface than veins