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Linear regression example problems with solutions pdf

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Regression with two independent variables Goals Write a regression equation raw score with 2 ivs in it. What is the difference in the interpretation of b simple regression weights than multiple regression? Describe R-squared in two different ways, ie by using two distinct formulas. Explain the formulas. What a b weight if we add new variables to the
regression equation that are highly correlated with those already in the equation? Because we report © beta weights (standardized weights b)? Write an equation regression beta weights in it. What are the three factors that influence weight standard error B? How you can have a meaningful R-squared and no significant weight B? Materials The
regression line with an independent variable, we can write the regression equation as: where Y is an observed score on the dependent variable, is the intercept, b is the slope, X is the observed score on independent variable, and e is an error or residue. We can extend this to any number of independent variables: (3.1) Note that we have k independent
variables and a track for each. We still have an error and an interception. Once again we want to choose the estimates of A and B so as to minimize the sum of the square of the forecast errors. The prediction equation is: (3.2) Identification of b values ​​is difficult for k> 2 independent variables, and will be developed after some matrix. It 's simple for k
= 2 IV, which will be discussed here. For the case of a variable, the calculation of B and one was: for the two cases variables: and at this point, it should be noted that all the terms of a case variables to appear in the case of two variables. In the case of two variables, the other variable X also appears in the equation. For example, X2 appears in the
equation for b1. Note that the terms corresponding to the variance of two X variables occur in the tracks. Note also that a term corresponding to the covariance of X1 and X2 (the sum of the cross-product deviations) also appears in the slope formula. The equation for one with two independent variables is: This equation is a straight-forward
generalization of the case for an independent variable. A Numerical Example Suppose we want to predict the performance of work of mechanical Chevy on the basis of mechanical aptitude test scores and scores of the personality of test test that measures conscientiousness. Work Perf Mech APP consc Y X1 X2 X1 * Y X2 * Y X1 * X2 1 40 25 40 25 1000
2 45 20 90 40 900 1 38 30 38 30 1140 3 50 30 150 90 1500 2 48 28 96 56 1344 3 55 30 165 90 1650 3 53 34 159 102 1802 4 55 36 220 144 1980 4 58 32 232 128 1856 3 40 34 120 102 1360 5 55 38 275 190 2090 3 48 28 144 84 1344 3 45 30 135 90 1350 2 55 36 110 72 1980 4 60 34 240 136 2040 5 60 38 300 190 2280 5 60 42 300 210 2520 5 65 38
325 190 2470 4 50 34 200 136 1700 3 58 38 174 114 2204 Y X1 X2 X1 * Y X2 * Y X1 * X2 65 1038 655 3513 2219 34510 Somma 20 20 20 20 20 20 N 3:25 51.9 32.75 175.65 110.95 1725.5 M 1:25 7:58 5:24 84.33 54.73 474.60 SD 29.75 1091.8 521.75 USS can collect data in a similar matrix: y X1 X2 Y 29.75 139.5 90.25 x1 0.77 X2 0.72 0.68 1091.8
515.5 521.75 the numbers in the above table correspond to the following sums of squares, cross products, and correlations: y x1 Y x1 X2 X2 can now calculate the regression coefficients: to find the intercept, we have: Therefore, the Our regression equation is: Y '= -4 + .10 + .09X1 .09X2 or Job Perf' = -4.10 + + .09MechApt .09Coscientiousness.
Visual representations of the regression We have three variables, so we have three scatter showing their relationships. © Since we calculated the regression equation, we can also see a graph of Y 'or Y vs Actual vs. expected Y. you can (almost) see plot in 3D space, where the two predictors are X and Y axes, and the Z axis The criterion, so: this chart
does not show very well, but the regression problem can be thought of as a sort of response surface problem. What is the expected height (z) to every value of X and Y? The linear linear solution to this problem in this dimensionality is a plane. R-squared (R2) As in simple regression, the dependent variable is thought of as a linear part and an error. In
multiple regression, the linear part has more than one associated variable X. When we do multiple regression, we can calculate the proportion of variance due to regression. This proportion is called R-squared. We use a capital R in order to demonstrate that it is a multiple R, instead of a single variable r. We can also calculate the correlation between
Y and Y 'and that square. If we do, we will also find R-squared. Y X1 X2 Y 'Resid 2 45 20 1.54 0.46 1 38 30 1.81 -0.81 3 50 30 2.84 0.16 2 48 28 2.50 -0.50 3 55 30 3.28 -0.28 3 53 34 3.45 -0.45 4 55 36 3.80 0.20 4 58 32 3.71 0.29 3 40 34 2.33 0.67 5 55 38 3.98 1.02 3 48 28 2.50 0.50 3 45 30 2.41 0.59 2 55 36 3.80 -1.80 4 60 34 4.06 -0.06 5 60 38 4.41
0.59 5 60 42 4.76 0.24 5 65 38 4 , 84 0.16 4 50 34 3.19 0.80 3 58 38 4.24 -1.24 M = 3.25 51.9 32.75 3:25 0 V = 1.57 1:05 57.46 27.46 29.83 19.95 9.88 0.52 USS = the average of Y is 3.25 and it is also the average of Y '. The average residue is 0. The variance of Y is 1.57. The Y 'variance is 1.05, and the residual variance is .52. Together, the
regression variance (Y ') and the error variance (e) add up to the variance of Y (1.05 + 1.57 = 0.52). R-squared is 1.05 / 1.57 or 0.67. If one calculates the correlation between Y and Y 'we find that R = .82, that when a square is also a .67 R-squared. (Recall the dispersion of Y and Y '). R-squared is the proportion of the variance in Y due to the multiple
regression. Test the Importance R2 You've already seen it once, but here it is again in a new context: that is distributed as F with k degrees of freedom when nothing is true (N-k-1). Now R2 is the multiple correlation, rather than the simple correlation that we saw last time. For our most recent example, we have two independent variables, an R2 of
.67, and 20 people, so p

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