SHS

Philippine Politics and

Governance
Quarter 1: Week 2 - Module 2
Philippine Politics and Governance
Grade 11 Quarter 1: Week 2, Module 2
First Edition, 2020

Copyright © 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Antonio Q. Vasadre Jr.

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D.

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D., CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D., EPS in Charge of LRMS

Mario B. Paneda, Ed.D., EPS in Charge of Araling Panlipunan
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

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Philippine Politics and
Governance
Quarter 1: Week 2 – Module 2

iii
 Target

The political Ideology is defined “as a set of opinions underpinned by doctrines,

values, and perceived moral truths that guide behavior towards a specific social
order” (Johnson & Roberto, 2018).

Political ideologies are powerful such that they shape the structure of a society,
institutions and the ways of doing things. These ideologies are comprised of beliefs
and value systems that give rise to political processes; they also constitute ideas
about change and its desired future.

In your previous lesson, you have learned the concept, relationship and
importance of politics, governance and government.

This learning material will provide you with information and activities that will
aid you to distinguish the different basic tenets of the major political ideologies.

After going through this learning material, you are expected to:
 Differentiate the political ideologies (HUMSS_PG12-Ib-c-6)

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 Jumpstart

For a more thorough understanding of the topic, you have to perform the
activities ahead. Enjoy the exercises.

Activity 1: Let’s find it!

Direction: Find and circle 10 key words that are related to Political ideologies.
The words may be hidden in any directions.

I S A D F R E Y H L K I O F I O
L D U Y J H M N H L H H F A H F
I O E P P J M M S I L A I C O S
B A P O L I T I C S I P H I I J
E A S S L S I O P M H H C S Y G
R A A D A O D F G M S M I M N O
A V S S O N G I X M S I I V T V
L X Z S I O A Y E I B B X E R E
I X I D T A B R N S A D I R E R
S I K D I H S I C A A V U N A N
M O F C V R M R E H I O P M E M
P C O N S E R V A T I S M E W E
I S X O F D T T V T E S R N D N
U T R V E S X V W A E E M T S T
A S D A F G H J T Y U N M B V A

KEY WORDS
1. ANARCHISM 6. IDEOLOGIES
2. CONSERVATISM 7.LIBERALISM
3. FASCISM 8. MARXISM
4. FEMINISM 9. POLITICS
5. GOVERNMENT 10. SOCIALISM

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 Discover

An ideology is more or less a coherent set of ideas that direct or organize a

specific political action. It consist of belief and value systems, a discussion of
existing power relationships, an exploration of how political change is achieved in
line with these power relations and an illustration of a desired future (Heywood
2013).

MAJOR POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES AND THEIR KEY TENETS (Heywood 2013)

1. ANARCHISM
 Political authority in all its form, and especially in the form of the state, is
both evil and unnecessary (anarchy literally means ‘without rule’).
 The sovereign, compulsory, and coercive authority of the state is seen as a
nothing less than legalized oppression operating in the interests of the
powerful, propertied, and privileged.
 Anarchist prefers a stateless society. Individuals can best manage their own
affairs through voluntary agreement and cooperation.

2. CONSERVATISM
 Tradition must be conserve. These traditions include established customs,
institutions, and ways of doing things that have endured through time.
 The belief in pragmatism highlights the limits of human reason. As a belief,
pragmatism emphasizes that the action should be shaped by practical
circumstances and goals.
 Human imperfection presents the pessimistic view of conservatives on the
individual. Accordingly, individuals are morally corrupt and are therefore the
sources of crime and disorder. Order could thus be achieved through a
strong state.
 Conservatives believe that society is an organic whole and is a living entity,
more than being an artifact of human ingenuity. This belief is known as
organicism.
 Conservatives also believe that social position and status are only natural.
With this, hierarchy is thought to be inevitable.
 Authority must be exercised from above. Leadership is provided to guide and
support those who lack knowledge and education and those who have little
capacity to act for their own interest.
 Conservatives look at property as significant because it is the individual’s
source of security and independence from the government.

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3. FACISM
 Ultranationalist ideology. As such, it subscribes to the idea of a supreme
race, whose members should enjoy the natural resources. It is by nature
exclusive as it excludes nonmembers of the race.
 Manifested during Mussolini’s facist dictatorship in Italy and Hitler’s
dictatorship in Germany.
 Common values upheld are struggle, leadership, power, heroism, and war.
 The “new man” or a hero who is motivated by duty, honor, and self-sacrifice;
and gives unrelenting obedience to the supreme leader is a fascist ideal.
 Fascists believe in a unified national community of strength through unity.
As such, individual identity is not as important as that of the social group or
community.

4. FEMINISM
 A diverse but its unifying theme is the desire to enhance the social role of
women.
 Society is characterized by sexual or gender equality.
 The structure of male power must be overturned, hence the belief in gender
equality.
 Its strands include liberal feminism, socialist feminism and radical
feminism.

5. LIBERALISM
 Belief in individualism underscores the importance of the human individual
compared to any other group.
 Liberty of the individual must be protected. An individual has freedom when
he or she is able to act as he or she pleases.
 Reason can lead individuals to make wise judgments, which could solve
issues or differences.
 Equality implies that individuals are born equal, at least in moral terms.
Equal rights and entitlements are at its core. It must be noted , however,
that liberals do not endorse social equality or equality of outcome,
 Tolerance is willingness of individuals to allow others to think and behave in
ways they do not approve. It is a guarantee of individual liberty.
 Authority and social relationships must also be based on agreement and
consent.

6. SOCIALISM
 Belief in the community highlights the degree to which the individual is
connected with others. Identify is therefore a product of social interaction
more than innate qualities.
 Brotherhood or fraternity speaks of a shared common humanity Socialist
thus prefer cooperation rather than competition and collectivity rather than
individualism.

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  Socialists look at society in terms of differences in the distribution of income
or wealth. Social class is believed to be an important social cleavage, which
divides societies. The interests of the working class and the oppressed
should be upheld. With this, eradicating economic and social inequalities is
deemed as the primary goal of socialism.
 Common ownership is also central to socialist thought. Unlike private
property, common ownership is a means to harness material resources for
the common good.

Explore

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master and strengthen
the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson.

Activity 1: The weight of thinking

Direction: Complete the chart below to compare and contrast the different major
political ideologies.

Political Similarities Differences

Ideologies

1.Conservatism
and Liberalism

2. Fascism and
Socialism

3. Anarchism and
Feminism

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 Assessment Rubric for a Comparison and Contrast

Category 5 4 3 2 1
Each Each section Each Each Each
section of of the chart section of section of section of
the chart contains the chart the chart the chart
Concept contains three facts contains contains contains
Arrangement four facts easily two facts very few facts that
easily identified that are facts that are not
identified somewhat are not related at
identified. easily all.
identified

Reflects Most of the Reflects Reflects Contains

factual information some very little non-factual
information is factual factual factual information
that and informatio informatio that does
Content corresponds seemingly n and n and not
with corresponds attempts attempts correspond
appropriate with to put it in to put it in to the
section of appropriate correspond the appropriate
chart. section of ing section appropriat section of
chart. of chart e section of chart.
chart.

Easy to Most text is Some text Text is not Not legible.

read, easy to read. is easy to easy to Excessive
Text legible. No Fewer than read. There read. errors.
misspellings four are five Excessive
. misspellings. misspelled misspelling
words. s more
than five
errors.

Clean, neat Fairly neat A little bit Not well Messy and
Presentation and well and clean. clean. organized. unorganize
of output organized. Some Needs A little d. Not well
organization some more cluttered. put
organizatio together.
n.

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Activity 2: KataQuote!

Directions: Read the statement carefully and briefly explain your understanding of
the quotation below.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

Rubric for Statements response

Category 4 3 2 1
Reasoning Fully logical Logical Reasoning has Reasoning is
reasoning. reasoning. some flaws or flawed or weak
limitations.
Support is Support is Support is Little or no
Quality of strong, adequate, barely support for
support applicable and although may adequate or argument.
effective. be somewhat perhaps
vague or insufficient.
tangential.
Argument is Argument is Argument Argument is
Presentation presented in presented in presented either highly
strong, yet reasonable offensively or offensive or
approachable way. May be shallowly. given little or no
way. lacking in thought.
Persuasive but respect for
not at all other point of
offensive. view.
No syntax or Few syntax or Enough errors Unacceptable
Writing grammar grammar that they number of errors
errors detract errors. detract from that cause
from writing. the argument. distraction.

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 Deepen

Great job! You have understood the lesson. Here is a more depth activity
that will help you understand the works and functions of social scientist and
applied social science practitioner.

Activity 1: Hear Me Out!

Direction: Complete the table below by giving and explaining your ideas on how
characteristics of the different Political Ideologies become positive or negative to
every society at present.
POLITICAL POSITIVE NEGATIVE
IDEOLOGIES

1. ANARCHISM

2.CONSERVATISM

3.FASCISM

4. FEMINISM

5. LIBERALISM

6. SOCIALISM

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Scoring Rubric

POINTS REQUIREMENTS
5 Provides insightful and detailed explanation/opinion that includes or
extend ideas from the text.

4 Provides some explanation/opinion that includes or extend ideas

from the text.

3 Uses text incorrectly with limited success and includes an

inconsistent or confusing explanation.

2 Demonstrates minimal understanding of the task and provides an

unclear or no use of text for support.

1 Response Is completely irrelevant or off – topic

Gauge

Activity 1. Read, Analyze and Select!

Directions: Read and understand each item carefully then write the letter of the
best answer in the space before the number.

___1. Which one refers to a movement that advocates or demands for women the
same rights granted men, such as equal economic and political status?
A. Anarchism C. Feminism
B. Conservatism D. Liberalism
___2. Which among the following is a basic element of Conservatism?
A. Equality C. Impatience
B. Hierarchy D. Individualism
___3. Which one refers to a theory or system of social organization that advocates
the vesting of ownership and control of the means of production and
distribution of capital, land in the community as a whole and everybody is
equal?
A. Anarchism C. Liberalism
B. Conservatism D. Socialism
___4. This political ideology embraces the ideas of totalitarian democracy, holding
that a genuine democracy is an absolute dictatorship as the leader
monopolizes ideological wisdom and is alone able to articulate the true
interests of the people.
A. Anarchism C. Fascism
B. Conservatism D. Socialism
___5. Which of the following characteristics best represents Conservatism?

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 A. Focused on conserving something
B. Ensuring the safety and fairness of everyone
C. A belief in the value of social and political change to achieve progress
D. A way of organizing a society in which a government ruled by a dictator
___6. Anarchism is said to be the most chaotic of all political ideologies. Why is
regarded as such?
A. Because the government was controlled by dictator
B. Because people do not care for each other thus ruining the society
C. If there is no government or state intervention, we are bound of war and
conflicts
D. None of the above
___7. Which of the following statement is INCORRECT about Conservatism?
A. It’s suspicion of change
B. It fears government power
C. It supports the society’s traditional values
D. It supports the traditional institutions of its society
___8. Which of the following slogans best captures the Fascism or Fascist ideology?
A “From each according to his ability; to each according to his need”
B. “Over himself, over his own mind and body, the individual is sovereign”
C. “Don’t limit a child to your own learning, for he was born in another time”
D. “Nothing outside the state; nothing against the state; everything for the
state”
___9. Adonis believes that it is the duty of the government to ensure that every
person’s right to live, right to own property and right to enjoy freedom within
the bounds of the law. This makes Adonis an advocate of which ideology?
A. Anarchism C. Feminism
B. Conservatism D. Liberalism
___10. Which of the following statement is most likely associate with Socialist
political ideology?
A. Military intervention is more effective than diplomacy
B. A free-market economy is the solution for economic struggles
C. Healthcare will be provided to all citizens by the government regardless of
their income
D. Public education is no longer be operated by the government but by
private education companies

Activity 2. Make It Essay!

Direction: Answer the following questions briefly and concisely.

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having or promoting a certain

ideology?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Which among the different Political Ideologies best fit in the Philippines and
Why?

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__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Short Answer Grading Rubric

Grading Factors:
1. Completeness
Does your response directly answer each question?
Excellent Very good Good Poor Needs improvement
5 4 3 2 1

2. Knowledge
Does your response clearly show you have read and understood the lesson
content by correctly defining key terms and summarizing concepts?
Excellent Very good Good Poor Needs improvement
5 4 3 2 1

3. Analysis
Does your response provide analysis to the larger concepts of the lesson?
Excellent Very good Good Poor Needs improvement
5 4 3 2 1

4. Writing Skills
Do you write clearly, in complete sentences, with minimal errors in grammar
and spelling?
Excellent Very good Good Poor Needs improvement
5 4 3 2 1

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 12
Jumpstart
Gauge
Activity 1
1 C
2 A
3 D
4 C
5 A
6 C
7 B
8 D
9 D
10 C
Answer Key
References
Printed Materials:
Pawilen, R.A. & Pawilen, Reidan M. (2017). Philippine Politics and Governance.
Manila, Philippines: Rex Bookstore Inc.

Villanueva, Prince Aian G. (2017 ). Philippine Politics and Governance. Makati City,
Philippines: Diwa Learning System Inc.

Heywood, A. (2017). Political Ideologies an Introduction. In Political Ideologies an

Introduction (6th ed.).London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

Heywood, A.( 2013) Political Ideologies an introduction. New York, USA: Palgrave
Macmillan

Website:
https://www.macmillanihe.com/companion/Heywood-Political-
Ideologies/resources/Web-links/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies#:~:text=In%20social%20s
tudies%2C%20a%20political,for%20a%20certain%20social%20order.

https://www.hillsroad.ac.uk/docs/default-source/summer-word-2020/politics-
ideologies.pdf?sfvrsn=2

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