Aci

dsandBases

Anaci
disapr
otondonor
.

Abasei
sapr
otonaccept
or.

Abasedi
ssol
vedi
nwat
eri
sref
err
edt
oasanAl
kal
i
.

Aci
dsar
eal
way
sinacqueoussol
uti
on,
thati
s,t
heyar
eal
way
sdi
ssol
vedi
nwat
er.

Thenameofanacidi
scomposedoftwopart
s.Fir
stl
yther
eistheref
erencetothenon-
metal
li
c
sourceoft
heaci
dandthewor
dAcid.Exampl
esincl
udeHydrochl
ori
cAcid,Sul
phuri
cAcidand
Nit
ri
cAcid.

Thenameofanalkali
iscomposedoftwoparts.Fi
rstl
ytherei
stheref
erencetothemetal
l
ic
sour
ceoft
healkal
iandt hewor
dHydroxi
de.Exampl esi
ncludeSodi
um Hydroxi
de,Pot
assi
um
Hydr
oxi
deandCalcium Hydr
oxi
de.

For
mat
ionofAci
ds

Aci
dsar
efor
medbydi
ssol
vi
ngnon-
met
all
i
coxi
desi
nwat
er.

Non-
met
all
i
coxi
desar
ether
efor
eknownasaci
dicox
ides.

Oxi
de Aci
d

Sul
phurTr
ioxi
de Sul
phur
icAci
c

SuphurDi
oxi
de Sul
phur
ousAci
d

Ni
tr
ogenDi
oxi
de Ni
tr
icAci
d

Car
bonDi
oxi
de Car
boni
cAci
d
For
mat
ionofAl
kal
i
s

Al
kal
i
sar
efor
medbyei
therr
eact
ingmet
alswi
thwat
erordi
ssol
vi
ngmet
all
i
coxi
desi
nwat
er.

Met
all
i
coxi
desar
ether
efor
eknownasbasi
coxi
des.

Neut
ral
i
sat
ion

Neut
ral
i
sat
ioni
sther
eact
ionbet
weenanaci
dandabaset
ofor
m asal
tandwat
er.

Thereact
ionbetweensodi
um hy
droxi
deandhydr
ochl
ori
cacidwi
l
lfor
mthesal
tsodi
um chl
ori
de
(commonsalt)andwater
.Thewordequat
ioni
sasfol
lows:

Sodi
um Hy
droxi
de+Hy
drochl
ori
cAci
d➡ Sodi
um Sul
phat
e+Wat
er

pH

pHi
sthemeasur
eoft
heaci
dit
yoral
kal
i
nit
yofasubst
ance.

ThepHscal
erangesf
rom 0t
o14.

Aci
dshav
eapHwhi
chr
angesf
rom 0-
7.

Baseshav
eapHwhi
chr
angesf
rom 7-
14.

pH7i
sforneut
ral
subst
ancessuchaswat
erandsal
ts.

Achemi cali
ndicatorisasubstancewhi
chisusedtomeasuret
hepHofdiff
erentsubst
ances.I
t
attai
nsdiff
erentcoloursi
nacidsandinbases.Bel
owisali
stofchemi
cal
indicat
orsandthei
r
respect
ivecolourchanges.
Bel
owisachar
tshowi
ngt
hev
ari
ouscol
our
sexhi
bit
edbyt
heuni
ver
salindi
cat
orsol
uti
oni
n
aci
dsand bases.