Vidyamandir Classes Circle Circle BASICS Section -1 11 Definition {A circle is defined as the Toous of 2 point which moves ina plane such that ite distance from a fixed point in that plane is always constant > ‘The fixed point is called the «0 of the circle and denoted by C Movin ‘The constant distance is called the radu ofthe circle and denoted by Moving Plane Equation of Circle : Let P= (it) bea moving point, Cu (a be the fixed point and r be the radi of the circle Now according to the definition Pa = r By squaring both sides, we get (ho)? + (k- By =P Tis equation ofa citle having centre at (a, B) and radius equal tor. ‘The above equation is known 2s standard form ofthe circle. Illustrating the Concepts : Find the equation of a circle whose centre is (2, -3) and rads 5 Using standard form of the circle, i. (x - a)? + (y — B)* = 77, where (ct, B) is centre, r is radius, we get Ge sset Hy drs 6y—12=0 1.2. General Equation of the Circle If we expand the standard form of equation of a circle we get, (eo +Q-pFar = t4yte BP-20x-2By > Pty -2ax-2Byso+P-P=0 “i set Study Cours for IMJEE with One Support 1Circle COE RO Considering c= ¢, - B = fand 2 + B*— 6, (0) reduces to, Saye rert2fyr which is known as general equation of the circle Now we will find centre and radius of the circle from general equation of the circle From (1), we get Cocfficient of x Coetficient of y = and f= & = 7 ‘ > Centre = (at, B) [Using @] =Ca-f a (eae oc CcEEn SRO 2 2 For radius, = wtf oPse [ie centre = (a, B) = 4. 1 Working Rule : ‘To find the centre and radius of a circle when general equation of circle is given () Make the coefficient of x and y* equal to one and take all the terms to LHS. (i) Then co-ordinate of centre, will be (eB) where, Ca \ a={-} cote ts). 0 (ii) Radius = fo? +B? — Constant term =} Coetticient of y 2 Nature of the Circle Radius of circle x? +y?+2¢x+2fy 4 Now the following cases are possible () Wg' +f e> 0, then the radius of circle will be real, Hence, in this case real circle is possible. (i) Ifg? +f*—e=0, them the radius of circle will be zero. Such a circle is called a point circle. It represents a point in XYplane which is centre of the circle. (ii) fg? +f —e<0, then the radius of the circle will be an imaginary number. Hence, in this case no real circle is possible. We say that cizcle is imaginary. 2 Set study Course for MJEE with Onine SupporVidyamandir Classes Circle Mlustrating the Concepts : Find the centre and radius of the following circles (Py Gr 4 ay 4 10-0 (ii) 42 + aye + 120K Gay—at = 0, () 24 6x4 By 4 10 =0 Now, Centreis Gg, f) = = Caf Radius (= fg? +f? -) = (3? +@? -10 = (i) 42 4 4y* + 12ax - bay a? = 0 Divide by 4 to get general form of equation of circle x? + y*-+ 3ax~ 3/2ay al =0 Now Centre is (-g, -9 (4) ( Coefficient of x Coefficient of y ) 2 . 2 3a = ana {9a 9a” Radius @) = Ys? +f? Te (OEEEEEEW Fina the equation of a circle whose centre is the point of intersection of the lines 2x —3y +4 = 0 and 3x + dy ~ 5 = 0 and passes through the origin. (A) Pay + eddy (B) 7G? + 9?) + x - Ady =0 (©) P+ yh de day, (D) 11(2 + y*) - 2x + 4dy = 0 SOLUTION :(@) The point of intersection ofthe lines 2x — 3y +4 =0 and 3x + dy—5 = Ois { arbi slen ‘Therefore, the centee of the circle is (~ Equation of cizcle passing through origin is wry +2gx+2fy=0 [ce =0 as (0, 0) lies on the circle} Replace values of g and f from (i) to get equation of circle Peyte2act yoo ” Wi? ’ TGR Fy) +2x= Ady =O. Self study Cours or IAEE with Online Suppor 3Circle Eu eeed DIFFERENT TYPES OF CIRCLES Section - 2 Y 2.1 (i) Equation of circle centred at X-axis : = Yeeoordinate of centee=0, ie, =f=0 = f=0 i = Centteis=-g, 0) a aay x > Eee Y ’ (ii) Equation of circle centred at Y-axis : > K-coordinate ofeentre=0, ie, —g=0 — g=0 0) Centre is= 0-1) “ > B4y8+2fy +e =0iis the equation of circle. ea — x Y (ili) Equation of circle centred at origin : Centre is =~ B,-f) = (0,0) ofr =P +y*+e=0 is the equation of citele = Beyer (yong? + f2-1? As g=0,f=0,c=-7) y (iv) Equation of circle passing through origin : ie, (0,0) must ie on the circle or (0, 0) satisfies the equation of circle, 0,0) = ty hg e+ 2/y=0 isthe equation of ciel. a “ats *X Note: Acitele? + y*—ax— by=0 passes through origin and cuts X-axis a (a, 0) and Y-axis at (0, b). 4 {v) Equation of circle in diametric form ‘The equatioa of the circle drawn on the straight line joining two given points (x, and (4, y,) a8 diameter fx) @-y)+O-yO-¥) = Proof : Let ang B be the extremities of the diameter AB having coordinates (x, y,) and (t, 5) spectively Let P (x,y) be any point on the citle. Join P to and P to. Then, eh and m= Slope of the line BP = 7 Xo IA, seit study course for 1324 with Ontine Support im, = Slope of the line AP =Rie cum Circle (vi) (vil) (vil) (ix) Now, since the angle subtended at the point P in the semi-circle APB is & right angle. 1 y = 0-9) O-y, 0-4) 4) (x) 4) +0-¥) O99 This isthe required equation of the cirele having (x,y, and (sy) a8 the coordinates of the end points of a diameter. Equation of circle centred at X-axis and touching Y-axis at origin : As (0, 0) and (— 2g, 0) are the end points of diameter, Equation of circle is: x? +)" + 2gx =0. y Equation of circle centred at Y-axis and touching X-axis at origi oy As (0, 0) and (0, — 2 f) are end points of diameter. ny Equation of circle is: x? +)? +2/)=0. om of eh : x Equation of circle touching both the axes : 9 ‘The centre of circle of radius touching both axes OX and OY is = (+ 1, #9), where + can be selected according to the quadrant in which the circle lies Equation of circle is : (rt +1) = 7 Parametric form equation of circle: Consider the circle (x — h? + (— hy centred at A= (h, k) and of radius r Let P= (x, 9) be an arbitrary point on this circle such that AP makes an angle 0 with the positive Aaxis (-m < 0 n), The coordinates of P can y be expressed as P(ey) +rcosO and y=kersin@ Ps (h+rcos8,k+rsin 8) ‘These equations represent the coordinates of any point on the circle in terms of the parameter @. x For a circle centered at origin, the parametric form of equation of circle is x=rcos@ and rsin 8 Set Study Course for IJEE wth Ontine Support 5Circle CrOMCAeicr TEE the abscissae and ordinates of the points A and B are the roots of the equations x* + 2ax + b = 0 and x + Lex +d = 0 respectively, then the equation of circle with AB as diameter is + (A) S++ 2art Wey tb +d=0 (BP + y¥- Dar —2ey-b-d= 0 (C) P+ y= 2ax-2ey + b+ d=0 1D) ty? + 2ax + 2ey-b-d = 0 SOLUTION : (A) If roots of + 2ar +b =O ate x, and x, then.x, +x, =~ 2a and x, x, = b. Similarly if roots of * + 2ex +.d'=0 are y, = 2c and y, y, = 4. Now equation of required circle is and y,, then yy +» (Using Diamsetre form] (a) =a) + -y) 0-99 Bey na ty ta) -yO HENAN 3 ttyl trart2y tb tda0 (IEETEREEY Find the equation of the circle which passes through the points (1, 1), (2, -1) and G, -2). (A) P49? 13r-Sy +16=0 (B) P+ y?-Sr-1By +16=0 (©) W429? 130 Sy +16 =0 (D) None of these SOLUTION :(A) Let the required equation of the circle be Subtracting (i) from (i), we got Py erertIyte=0 g-s+4=0 Since the given points (1, 1), (2,—1) and (3, -2) satisfy Solving the above equations, we get the given equation, we have = 102 and f= — 5/2 242g+2f+e=0 Substituting for g and fin (:) we get: ¢= 16 S44g-4se=0 = The equation of the circle is 13 +6g-df+e=0 wit yt 13x—5y + 16=0 Subteacting :) from (i), we get Another Approach : ae "The shove problem can also be solved by using family 2g 4f+3=0 of circles, Family of cirles will be covered later in this chapter. LESS Find the equation of circle which passes through the points (0, 1) and (2, 3) and has centre on the X-axis. (Pty 3y-1 ( 24P-6-1 SOLUTION :(C) (B) P4y?—3x-1=0 (DP) 2 4y-by-1=0 Since (0, 1) satisfies the circle As the ventte lies on X-axis, = Let the required equation of the circle be Carer rend = Pay e2gree=0 i EI, sets stay course for 112e€ with online SupportAlso, 2,3) satisfies the cirole Another Approach : PaFarQ\eCh=0 2 g ‘The above problem can also be solved using family of cicles. Family of circles will be covered later in = The equation of the circle is this chapter 4 yh-6r-1=0 (em TEE Find the equation of the circle which passes through the origin and cuts off intercepts 3 and 4 ‘from the positive parts of the axes respectively. (A) Hy? 3ybay=0 (B) 4 yt43y-4y=0 (OQ Pty t3ytay=0 (D) +x -3y—4y SOLUTION : (0) We know equation ofa citele passing through origin Hee, @=Xip and defining intercepts a and b on axes is baYy =4 way? -ax-by= ence, the required equation is: wa yhaend STRSTR EE x8 + y? — 22e = dy + 25 = 0, where Ly =3x + y-S=0;L,=3x4 4y + 9=0; L,axtyt5=0. () ForLine Ly wo 64 ® 2» © =) » a (i) ForLine Ly oO 4 ® 4.2 Oo 6 ©) 6 (i) ForLine Ly wo 64 ® a2 Oo 66 (D) None of these SOLUTION: (i).(C) (i).(0)—_(i).{0) “To find the points of intersection, solve the equation > of the circle and the lines simultaneously () Lssety-$20 9 > yaSu3e Suistitue for yin the equation of the circle 2 a ty 22 = dy +25 20. 3 SMG ~ 30-2204 5-34) 425-0 = Ly touches the circle at (5, = 6) > 1040x4300 (ii) Lyexty45=0 = oyscxss 3 Pa4r4320 3 ¥H13 Substitute for y in the equation of the circle Forx= 1, y=2 and forx=3,y XC ty’ 22e— dy + 25-0 = (,2)and @,~4) are the points of intersection. = FF 4522044045) 425-0 Wy manrgeseo = ye EE 288+ T0=0 or ade 352 4 D=16-4x35=-14 > D<0 Substitute for y in the equation of the circle ‘The quadratic equation has no real roots, so, does wey 22x- dy 42520. not intersect the cirele at al. Sel study Cours for MIEE with One Suppor 7Circle CCU cece 2.2 Intercept made by the circle on axes : {A) Intercept on X-axis : X-intercept is defined as length intercepted by the circle on X-axis and is always positive Suppose, the circle is: t+)? +2 gx42fyte=0. Now, to find X-intercept made by circle on ¥-axis, substitute y = 0 3 Va2gxtesd so) Circle meets the X-axis at two points 4, and 4, Therefore A-coondinate (abscissae)of points A, and A, are roots of the equation. Let x, and x, be the abscissae of 4, and A, respectively. Then, x, and x, are roots of equation = Xgecant =! Difference of roots |= 1x, —, | act ly ty 4 Now, following ease may rises If g? > ¢, then the roots of the equation x" + 2gx + c= 0 are real and distinct, so the circle °+y"+2gx+2fy+e=0 meets the X-axis in two real and distinct x points and length of the intercept on X-axis is: 2, case : 11 fg? = then the roots ofthe equation x? + 2gx-+.¢=0 are real and equal, 0, the circle touches X-axis and the intercept on X-axis is zero. circle x* + y* + 2ge + 2fy'+c =0 does not mect the X-axis. TherefOre X yao OF _— circle is not defined, Xipercep 00t defined (8) Intercept on Y-axis : Yeintercept is defined as length intercepted by the cixcle on Y-axis and is always positive. ‘To find Y-intercept made by ciscle on Faxis, EI, sete study course for 113£E with online SupportRTE cua Circle Substintex=0 ins? +)? +2 grt 2frre=0 > y42fyse=o > Yanage =! ifference of roots If? 6 Note: ‘The circle 7+ y+ 2gx-+ 2/9 +00 cuts the Faxis in real and distinct points, touches or does not meetin real points according as f? >, f?= and_f*r 3 Pe yP erg tag vero Peep) (i) [Plies on the citcle if: PC=r > Pr yP 42g 42M He=0 ii) [Plies in the circle if = PC btyh+ 2g tI te<0 Mlustrating the Concepts : Discuss the position of the points (1, 2) and (6, 0) with respect to the circle Xt yhedy + 2y- = Wehave, x? +y'=4r-+2y-11=0 or Stx.y)=0, = (1, 2) lies inside the circle where Sts, ) =a? +y? dx + 2y— 11 For the point (6, 0), we have For the point (1, 2), we have S6,0)= 6 40-464 2x0-11>0. Pe Pode 1 e2x2-11<0 = 6 0) lies outside the cirele. sd, PORES ie cece ps ew ay 4c 20 doce nor creck or touch the coordinate aes and Fas alexi caer cn ae @) (25, 29) ®) @ 29) (©) @, 25) ©) @9% Set Study Course for IJEE with Online Support °Circle CCU cece SOLUTION : (A) We have, x? + y?-6x—10y += 0 or $(x, 9) =0, Also (1, 4) lies interior of the circle. where § (sy) =? + y*= 64 10y 4 1416-6-4040<0 ‘On substituting x = 0, we get y’— l0y + ¢=0. Its = <2 = ii) roots must be non real eines wy 2 From equations (), i) and (i), we get On substituting y = 0, we get x? 6x +6 =0. Its wec ee oe i) {F(a ) 18 4 point onthe chord AB ofthe circle, where the ends of the chord are A = (2-3) and B= (3, 2), then () aeb3.2.be 23) (@B) ae (2,3), be 32) (©) aef22be13,3) (D) None of these SOLUTION : (8) As it is given that (a, b) is point on the chord so So, the X-coordinate of a will vary from 2 t0 3, Le., (a, B) should be an internal or end point of the line from the X-coordinate of 4 to the X-coordinate of B. segment joining, AB. ‘Similarly is the case with Y-coordinate, > ae P,3,be [3,31 The range of values of a for which the point (a, 4) is outside the circles x + y° + 10x = 0 and 4 y= [e+ 2020s: A C9VAHU6+) ) 1 Ge-8)U02, +2) (D) None of these SOLUTION : (A) Wehave, x+y? + 10x =0 or $,=0,.where $,= 32 + y# + 10x We have, 4yt-12e420=0 or S,=0, where S,= 24 y*- 12x 420 As (a, 4) lies outside S, = a+ 100+ 16>0, > ae O=,-8) U2, =) +) As (a, 4) lies outside S, => a” - 124 +36 >0, => (a-6P>0 > aeR-(6} il) From ()) and (i) we get: a (-»,-8) U2, 6) 6-9) (DEEL a region inthe x-plane is bounded by the curve y = 25a and the line y = 0. If he point (a. a + 1) lies in the interior of the region then (A) ae43)) B) aeceDuBts (©) @e€ (1,3) (D) None of these 10 WEEE, set study course for tite wih ontine supportRUC CUCU Acree Circle SOLUTION : (C) 2.4 y=25—x2 and y=0 bound the semicircle above => (a+4)(a-3) <0 canis, > ae (4,3) sei) As (a, a + 1) lies above X-axis P+yhaas SB atis0 2 amt 0) (or\ x As (a, a +1) lies inside x? + y* 25 =0 = @e(atti-25<0 From (:) and (i) we get, = @ba-12<0 ae (1,3) Aine and a Circle Let the equation of the circle be Pty oo) and the equation of the line be =mcte 2) ‘To find the points of intersection of (:) and (i), we have to solve them simultaneously, ‘Substituting the value of y from (i) in (i), we get Pe (meso? SU tm y+ dmert (ea) =0 . ‘This is being quadratic equation in x, which gives two values of x which are the abscissae ofthe points of intersection of ()) and (i). Substituting the values of x in (i), we get the corresponding values of y. ‘These values of x and y are the coordinates of the points of intersection of (i) and (i) ‘Thus, @ line may cut a ciscle in at most two points. The points of intersection are real and distinct, coincident or imaginary accordingly as the roots of the quadratic equation (ii) are real and different, coincident or imaginary as discussed in the following cases. Case :1 When points of intersection are real and distinct In this ease, the equation (i) has two distinct roots. > Discriminant > 0 > Am ea em) (e-a’y>0 > dat tm) acto 0 2 > @Uem>e = ma yems te > where =1) A+ mt itm l= > a> Tie, [length of the perpendicular from the centre (0, 0) (0 y= mx +] ‘Thus, a line intersects 2 given circle at two distinct points if the length of the perpendicular from the centre is less than the radius of the circle. Set Stady Cours for ITJEE with Otne Support 1”Circle 2.5 cd Case : II When the points of intersection are coincident In this ease the equation (\)) has two equal roots Discriminant =0 = 4m? C4. tm) (ea) =0. 3 esa(tm) = as =| 3 c=tayir yom+e +m Toa > a= Tice (length of the perpendicular from the centre (0, 0) to y = mx + ¢] Thus, a line touches a circle if the length of the perpendicular from the centre is equal to the radius of the circle. Case : Ill When the points of intersection are not real In this ease, the equation (ii) has two non-real roots, Discriminant <0 = Am ed em (ea) <0 > @Otm-8<0 > aU emyce > ae hm => a< Lie, [length of the perpendicular from the centre (0, 0) to y = mx +e] Thus, a line does not intersect a circle if the length of the perpendicular from the centre is greater than the radius of the cizce. a Mlustrating the Concepts : For what values of m, will the line y = mx does not intersect circle : x + y* + 20x + 20y + 20=07 If the line y = mx does not intersect the circle, the perpendicular distance of the Line from the centre of the cizcle must be sreater than its radius. Centre of circle = (10, ~ 10) and radius (r) = 65 [m (~10) ~ (-10)| from (~ 10, — 10) Distance of line mr - y Im? + l1o—10m ! 65 = Qneninen Pte sam s0sore This is the required condition Note: Substituting the value of cin (i), we get yx ka which is known as general form of equation of tangent of slope m drawn to the cirel (i). (3) Co-ordinates of the point of contact, when a straight line y = mx + ¢ be tangent to the circle x?-+y® Equation of citcle is: x? 4 y* “ Equation of tangent to (i) is y=mx+es or-mxty—e=0 (il) Let line i) be tangent to eiele (:) at (x9). Now equation of the tangent to the cirele (i) at (x, y,) is ay + yy, {to be discussed in the next section] or xx ty tii) Since (i) and (i) are same line, therefore comparing the co-efficients, we get “en From first two, we get AM and from last two, we get: y= © Hence the point of contact is: Note: The line ax + by + ¢ = 0 is tangent to the circle x+y? = rif and only if e? = 7 (a? +B) Mlustrating the Concepts : units Find the points on the circle x? + y* = 4 whose distance from the line 4x + 3y = 12 is Let A, B be the points on x” + y?=4 lying ata distance Distance between the two Lines is 41S from 4x + 3y = 12. 4 > = AB will be parallel to 4x + 3y = 12. = The equation of AB is Let the equation of AB be 4xe3y28 and 4x4 3y=16 drs 3yse fe The points A, B can be found by solving for points of intersection of x + y* = 4 with AB. ey Secton 2case |: ABS (Ax+3y-8=0) Another Approach : = ef) 2 cos®, 2sin6) be the point on the circle 3 4 at a distance 4/5 from the given line. 3 x=21425 and y=0, 4825 > 25° 64r+28=0 Now, 1 distance from P to the given line Case Il: AB = (4x +3y—16=0) 4 Art aye itis t = 25x°— 128% + 220=0 = ASD < Oot the above equation |42coso)+3@2sino)—12l_ 4 => Hence, no real roots ———_— ss Hence there are two points on circle at distance Solve for 6 get the point P 415 from line. A=(2,0) and B= (1475, 48/25) TANGENTS AND NORMAL TO THE CIRCLE Section - 3 3.1 Different forms of equations of the tangent 1. In Point Form : Equation of tangent at a point (x, y,) to a circle (i) For circle centred at origin The equation of the tangent at the point (x, 3,) tothe circle + y* ato (il) For general form of circle ‘The equation of tangent at the point (x, y,) to the circle x7 + y* + 2gx + 2fy +6 = Os: ° nt tet nH) ASO ry) + U. In Parametric Form : For circle centred at origin ‘The equation of the tangent to x° +y? = a? at (a cos 8, a sin 6) is x cos O+y sin O=a IL. In Slope Form () For circle centred at origin : ‘The equation of tangent of (given) slope m to the circle x2 + y=." is: y= mx ayy mr fom +a ‘The co-ordinate of the points of contact are [+ m’ +m? (i) For general cirele : The equation of tangent of slope m tothe circle x? + y'+ 2gx + 2fp +e = 0is (xte) erie? : where r= yp? +f? -¢ eee eee al eee siameser 14 UETTUIFINNNNINNNI,. study course or wih one support yeeNie eueUr ume Mlustrating the Concepts : () Find the equation of the tangent to the circle x° + y* ~ 30x ‘To write the equation of the tangent to a citcle at a given point (x, y,) we proceed as follows Step: In the equation of the circle replace x? by xx,.)” by yp 2x by x+y, and 2y by yy, and keep the constant Here, (x,.¥,)=(4,-1) (il) Find the equations of the tangents to the circle x + 9, (a) are parallel to the line 3x + 4y-—5 = 0 (6) (©) make an angle of 60° with the X-axis. Let the equation of tangent to x? + y 3 ss Pepe] -e Forcircle : 2+ y?=9 : (0, 0) and radius = 3 o Let tangent perpendicular to 2x + 3y + 7 = 0 is 3x-2y+A=0 Circle + 6 + 109 = 0 ar (4, -1). So, replace x2 4x, y? 9 -y, 2v x44 and 2y 9 y~ Lin given equation of circle. At () - 15 +4) +3 + CD) + 10 ym y= 15x60 +3y-3 +109 = 1-29-46 Hence, the required equation of the tangent is = which are perpendicular to the line 2x + 3y +7 So, from (:), equations of tangents are y= geese ( 3 yearend = bots =0 (©) Since tangent makes an angle 60° with the X-axis m= tan 60° = V3 So, from (:), equation of tangents are yavire sie i? = Vir-y46=0 0 0 iy Given circle is x* + y*= 9 where centre is (0, 0) and radius = 3 Perpendicular distance of (:) from (0, 0)= radius => From (1), equations of tangents are: 3x—2y + 3Vi3 3 +22) i, Self study Cours for IEE with Online Suppor 5Circle COMcAeiRG cred (© Letequation of tangent which makes an angle of 60" withthe Kaxisisy =VEx-+e = VBe~y+e=0 (i) and citcleis ? +y° =9 then perpendicular distance of i) from (0, 0 3 lela6 3 c=46 From (i), equations of tangents are Br y £6=0 (ESSERE Fina the equation of circle to which the line (x2) cos 0+ (y~2) sin 9= 1 touches forall values of (A) P4yP—4e+4y+7=0 (B) Pty t4e—4y+ (©) Pry 4e—4y 7 =0 (D) PtP barb aye T=0 SOLUTION : (C) Given line is Another Approach : (2-2) cos 8+ (y~2) sin B= 1 = e080 + sin’ Equation of tangent at ‘On comparing the coefficients of cas @ and sin 0 on Plcos 0, sin 0) of + y w both side, we get is xcos Oty sin O=1 i) Replacing x by x~2 and y by y ~2in (0) and (ii) we i) get, (28+ -2F = and (2) cos 0+ (2) sin Hence (iv) touches the cirele (i). i) Squaring and adding (i) and (i) then ww (6-2) + 0-2)! = cos! 8+ sin" = &-27 +Q-2%=1 or Py dy dy 47 =0 Equation of eicle is: (x—2)'+ (y~2)?=11 Paya drndyt The angle between the tangents drawn from the origin to the circle (x~ 1)? + (y + IY = 25 is: (a) mB (B) m6 © m ©) mB SOLUTION :(c) Let y= mx be a tangent from the origin to the circle (x -7)° + + 1)? = 25, then Perpendicular distance of centre of circle from y = mx is equal to radius _{(/sinp condition of ngeney] Lm: 4S => 12m? +Im-12-0 Let m, and m, be the slopes of the tangents. Then myn, two tangents is n/2. product of the roots — 12/12 1. Hence, the angle between (USTETCNEESY Find the equation of two tangents drawn to the circle + y*— 2x + 4y = 0 from the point (0, 1). (A) x#2y+2=0 (B) x-2y-2=0 (©) Qrtyt1=0 (D) 2x-y+1=0 SOLUTION :(D) Let m be the slope of the tangent. For two tangents, As the tangent passes through (0, 1), its equation there will be two values of m which are required. willbe: y-1=m(x-0) => mr-y+1=0 6 Sf Sy Cars a TRE WA Gite SoppakNie Oucuuacce Now, the centre and radius of circle ty Det dy =0 is (1,2), So using the condition of tangency : distance of centre (1, -2) from line = radius (7) Im @) =(-2) +1 Circle = G+mP=5(+m) = 3m-2=0 > m=2,-12 => Equations of tangents are 2e-y+1=0 (slope=2) and x+2y-2=0 (slope =~ 1/2) aa a ET ‘cuts off an intercept of 6 units from the X-axis. 4 from the origin and (24) 4 10K 8y-1 (8) Py? 4 1Or+ 8y-16=0 (©) 8+) 10r=8y 416 = (D) A 4y2= 10e+ By +16 = SOLUTION :(c) Let the required equation of the circle be Since the citcle cuts off an intercept of 6 units on eyle dere By te=0 X-axis, so substituting y= 0, we get Pa 2pree=0 Since the circle touches Y-axis, so substituting x= 0 wwe got Intercept on X-axis = Difference of roots = 2y/g Pape @ = We? -16-6 3 285 Since the circle touches Y-axis st point (0, 4), the roots ence, the equation of the circle is of the equation (:) must be equal and each equal wt yts Ux 8y + 1620. wo4 Note + () Wa eixele of radius r touches the X-axis at So y+ 2f) + ¢=0 must be equivalent to (a, 0), the centte ofthe cele is (a, £1). ona =o (i) If a circle of radius r touches the Yeaxis at = and c= 16 (0,b), the contee of the circle is (#r,b) The equation of the circle now becomes: 24 y+ 2px By + 16=0, ‘Another Approach : ‘Youccan also solve this problem using family of circles. Family of circles is covered laterin this chapter Fide eatin oie pang Huth “ @) SOLUTION :(C) As the circle touches both the axes and a given point which lies in the Hd quadrant so centre is C#Cr.), where ris the radius, 3) and touching both the axes. Distance of centre from (~2, 3) = radius Set Study Course for IJEE with Online Support ”Circle 3 ras ans => Hence, the circle are : Gento-n= idyamandir Classes > eye 2G H2N3) x25 4203) y +(5 423)" SEELEY The circte x? + y? — 4x — By +16 = 0 rolls up the tangent to it at (2 + V3, 3) by 2 units, assuming the Xcaxis as horizontal, find the equation of the circle in the new position. (a) Py? ~6r-2(442V3) 7424-83 -0 (©) P+ yt6r42(44J8)y+24-B/F=0 SOLUTION :(D) Given circle i 4 -4x-8y + 16=0 Ai) ‘Let P3(2+3,3) Equation of tangent to the circle (i) at P (2 + V3, 3) will be 24 Van 3y 26042 413) -4 943) 416-0 = rey m3 <0 » line (i) makes an angle @ with the positive dizection of X-axis, then tan 0=3 = 60" Let A and & be the centres of the circles in old and new positions respectively, then Aw (2, 4) 2 + 2.008 60°, 442 sin 60") [AP =>) and 3.3. Pair of Tangents Equation of pair of tangents in notation form is $5, () For circle centred at origin 224 y?6442(44 23) 7424+ BV -0 P49? -64-2(44-Vi)y 424485 <0 thus B= (3,443) Raia ofthe cise = 9F44P aI uation ofthe required cei (- 3 + (y-4 V3)? =P = 4 yh 6x-2(4 413) y +24 4 8Y3 =O. 2 ‘The equation of pair of tangents drawn from (x, ),) to circle x*+y*= ais: $5, = 7? where extey oa Seat eyfna' 2 ax ty (ie, equation of tangent at (x,, y))) = (2 +a?) Ct + yp a?) = Ox, ty, i) For general circle : ‘The equation of pair of tangents drawn from (x, ),) (0 circle +y°+ 2gx + 2fpte=Ois: $5, =7? whee Sess 2gr42fpre A] + yf +2g5 +2) 4e=0 Tear sy bern) + fiyty) te (i.e, equation of tangent at (x,, »,)) G++ ext 240) CP + yf +29y +2 fy te) =O ty, HE tM) FTO Fy) +0P s SHS aaa Tr TE WAN ORNS SUPERRc) Gucua ore Circle 3.4 _ Different forms of Equation of Normals 1. Point Form : (For circle centred at origin ‘The equation of normal (o the circle x7 + y? =a? at (x,,yis 7=2 > xy, - yx, = 0. ao (i) For general circle : ‘The equation of normal to general cirelex + y* + 2gy + 2fy + ¢ = Oat (x, y,) is > yO) +e)- 70) +f +fy- 2, =0 II, Parametric Form : For circle centred at origin : ‘The equation of normal to the circle 7 + y? = a? at (a cos 0, a sin 0) is: x » acos8 asind > yartne IL. Slope Form : 1 For equation of normal of (given) slope m, replace m by — in the equation of tangent to the circle in slope form. Note: (i) Normal always passes through the cente of the etcle. 11) So, for equation of normal we can write the equation of line joining (x, ,) and the centre ofthe circle Ilustrating the Concepts : Find the equation of (@) the tangent to the circle x2 + y* ~ Ax + 2y + 3 = 0 at the point (1, -2). (0) the normal to the circle x° + y? ~ 4x ~ 6y ~ 12 = 0 at the point (-1, ~1). {o) Equation of circle: xP +y?—4x-+ 2y-43-=0 where centre of circle ‘Now the equation of tangent at (1, ~2) will be arty teGtaeforytes0 > + xty +1 =0 is the equation of tangent. (6) Equation of eirle » a2 + y*—4x— 6y— 12 = 0 where centre of circle = (-g.-f) = (2.3) The point of contact of normal is (-1, ~1), so the equation of normal is the line joining points (-1, ~1) and (2, 3) is, LULZ AT 5 45 ty+1=0:s the equation ofnommal To which of the following circles, the line y ~ x + 3 = 0 is normal at the point (33/2, 3/12)? 1) @=3-3/V3) 0-3/2)? =9 (B) &-31V2) + (9-3/2? (© #4 u-38=9 O) 37 +y Self study Cours for IIEE with Online Suppor »Circle Vidyamandir Classes SOLUTION : (0) ‘Normal must pass through centre and foot of normal. The centres of circles given in (3) and (C) do not Consider (\) choice. Centre of cizele in (.\) choice satisfy the equation of the normal 33) which the centre must lie. u(s 0 sts he J Wied is same as pint given on circle in question, equation of normal, Its distance from the point of contact is 3 = radius. x43=00n But the centre of circle (1) ic. Hence (\) cannot be the required circle. Hence required circle is: (x— 3)" += 3.5 Length of the tangent from a point to a circle : “The length ofthe tangent fiom the point P(x, y,) tthe citcle ? +y°+2ge + 2fv+e=Oisequalto fav 4 5p »2gq > 2h >< Proof : Let PT and PT’ be two tangents from the given point P (x, y,) to the circle The cen he cle is CCa,-f)andsadins = CF = fg? ap? Now, from the right angled triangle PTC, we have by 4 2ee 4 OH +e =O cP cr + Pr 2 in #9 +0, 418 (Ye? +7? el} = iP + yf 428m 42h +e > PP=cP-cr= > praxpeyPe2en+2mte > P lustre SLY The distances from the origin to the centres of the circles x* + y+ 2A,x~c =0,i=1, 2, 3 are in GP. The lengths of the tangents drawn from any point on the circles x+y" to these circles are also in (A) AP. ®) GP. (AP. (D) None of these SOLUTION : (8) Let P (x, ,) be any point on x? + y° =e, Thea, Then, Pr, = yap yf = 2x ay yea 24522 73 z typed = abtyP-P=0 pr = e+ yp +2hqy 0 The centres of the circles x+y? + 2x - c= 0, = y and, PT, = yap + yp 4 DAy = 1,2, 3 are COA, 0), C, Ay, O and Geka) > PTy= QR, Ph= Day be xp+yp= It is given that OC,, OC, and OC, are in GP. and Now, (0¢)' = 06,-0¢, = EAA Gi) and PT-PT,= 24% = 2425 4 Let PT, PT, and PT, be the lengths of the tangents * {Using Gi] drawn from P (x,,¥,) to the three circles PIy=PT,- PT, Pee Mx-P20, 121.23 > PT, PT, PT, arein GP. 2 Self study Cours for IEE with Online Support3.6 Power of point with respect to a circle B Let P (x, y;) be a point outside the circle and PAB and PCD are two secants Say 4 2er 4 fy re drawn. The power of P (x, ,) with respect to is equal to PA PB From geometry, we know PT? = PA. PB Zo = Power of point Pwat isle = PA. PB = Pr" Poxy) i) Power of a point P wrt circle f+ yf 420m +2 Power of a point P vine circle is independent of A and B, [Using length of tangent PT Power of a point Pw.rt citele is constant. pr? pa PB=PC-PD=(J5) 5, guage PA. PB= PC. PI Note: If Plies outside, inside or on the circle then PA - PB is + ve, ~ ve or zero respectively, TIEEEREEEY Find the power of a point (2, 4) with respect to the circle x + y* — 6x + 4y—8 = 0. a 4 6 © 2 o 8 SOLUTION : (8) The power of the point 2, 4) with respect to the citele x? +? — 6x + 4y — is (RY ors, where S=x+y'-6x+4y-8 s, Oy + 4)? 6x 2444-8 3.7 Director Circle ‘The locus of the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents drawn to a citele is known as its director circle, The equation of the director circle of the circle x* + y* 2a @isxsy Proof : Let (h, #) be the point from where perpendicular tangents are drawn to the eitele x? +" a is: y =max +ayfl+m?, where mis the slope of the tangent. I it passes through (4, #), then t and & must satisfy the equation of tangent ‘The equation of any tangent of slope m drawn to the circle 2+ y = kemb + alive Ie the tangents are perpendicular, then my, my == => ko mby =a? (14 mi) 5 x og pewane = mPa) 2 mk + a) =O Roa This equation gives two values of m, m, and m, Hence, locus of (h, k) is: x" + y? = 2a’. There is a tangent passing through (h, k) Thus, the director circle of the circle °+y?=a" is corresponding to each value of m. ty? = 2a°. 2h We have, m, +m, ‘Clearly, it is cizcle having the same centre and radius = 42 (radius of the given circle) and m,m,= Self Study Course for TEE with Online Support GUESS” 2Circle COEUR Method 2: “The combined equation ofthe pair of tangents drawn Now, two lines represented by ax?-+2y?+2hny=O are from (h, f) tox? +)" =a is: $5, = 7° perpendicular ifcoeticient of: + coefficient of} GE) + Ba) = (het ky a SP eRe iy edhe R o ‘Thisis the combined equation of pair of straight lines. eg pair of strail Rak ‘The general form of pair of straight lines passing ence, of (Bis: x24 y= Dat through origin is: ax? + by® + 2hay = 0. Hence, the locus of (his x2 + y= 20 Note: Similarly you can derive the equation of director circle for general equation of circle yourself. wathod 3: “ara-o = Laronase coun" 3 Laor as D OanaP spawn ipl paneer (IEEE The focus of the point of intersection of tangents 10 the circle x = a cos 8, y = a sin 8 at the points, whose parametric angles differ by mi2, is (A) a straight line (B) aeircle (©) a pair of straight line (D) None of these SOLUTION : (8) Tangents at parametric angle 0 is: x cos + ysin@=a ....()) Tangnts a pram nae os ©) i eos (o-Z}+ryn (045) a ig, -xsin@+ycos @=a Squaring and adding (i) and (i), we get x? + y* = 2a’, “This is also equation of director circle (Refer section-3.7) MEINBELY fom ery pote on te cece Py 0 Des By 6 =O lenges are dra to he Gl + y+ Age + 2fy + © sin? a + (g? + f°) cos? a = 0, then the angle between the tangents is : (A) 2a (Bow (C) afd (Dy als SOLUTION : (A) Leth point be Poy 39) if ZcPg-8 co < n o= £2 i a “a 2 Sa Siady Course or THEE wih Ont SupporSEU Ed Circle As CQ inradius of 5,= fF 4 PP messin and PO= YG = (gra P me cose 24 fe -sin so brome, t= $0 NEEL 0 pape cosa = 0-a = LOPR FAMILY OF CIRCLES 1. The equation of the family of citcles passing through the points of intersection of two given citcles § = 0 and S’= 0 is given as S+ES'=0 (where kis a parameter, k#— 1), 2. The equation of the family of circles passing through the points of intersection of circle $= 0 and a line L = O is given as = S+kL=0 (where kis a parameter) The equation of the family of circles passing through two given points A= (y.94) and B= Gy, ¥,) is (2-4) (72) #(9- 91) (9-92) +E = 0 where L is equation of line passing through (x, y,) and (x,,y,) and k is a parameter. xy = oem +O-mO-w+tk] a nT 2 2 1 = beara) b-alomn) ein BM em)|-o oat 4 The equation of family of citeles touching a given line = 0 at a given point (xy, y,) om the Hine is Ga apt @-ypPHRE=O (where kis a parameter) 5. ‘The equation of the family of circles touching the ciscle $= 0 and the tangent L-= 0 at their point of contact Ais S+kL=0 (where kis a parameter) Sel Stuy Course or DEE with One Suppor 2Circle CEUEUr eee [DRESSY Find che vctee of v0 chan the pois 1) @ =) and UD, ve concen (Ay 1 (B) 4 (c) 2 (D) 4 SOLUTION : (8) Let A=(,1), B=@.-1), 3,2), D=(12,0), = Circle through A, B and Cis We will find the equation of the circle passing through. a y'-ae41-SQr4y-3) A, Band C and then find 1 so that D lies on that [Substitute &=—5 in (i) circle. Any citele passing through A, B can be taken, x4 y'-13x—5y #16 =0 Xtyiaaeelek@rty-320 0.0) Again D 2,1 will lie on this circle if [Using 3nd family) > M44 A 156—51+ 16-0 As C=(3,-2) lies on this eirle 3944-94146 -2-3)=0 = PoSte420 = 214 Hence, for 1 1,4 ; the given points are concyelic. 1, Equation of circle through A, B and C can be either found by taking circle as 1+ y*-+ 2gx +2) +e = 0 and forming three equations in g, f; and c using the coordinates of A, B and C of using family of ccles as showa in the last illuswation 2 Points A, B, C and D are concyclic if the right bisectors of segments AB, BC, CD and DA are concurrent, [DRESSY Find cqucion ofa circle ouching te ne 34 2p = Tai he pond @, A) and passing rough the pint 2.1). (A) Pay? —23x-4y435=0 (B) 3x%43y? -4x—23y435=0 (C) 3x* 43y? -23x-4y +3520 (D) None of these SOLUTION :(C) “The equation of any citele touching x + 2y-1=O at ‘Another Approach : the point (3, -1) can be taken as Let (h, 8) be the centre of the cizele. G3 HED Hk H—-)=0 0) ‘The centre (fh, 8 con be found fiom these equations Uh 2k-11 [Using 4th family} = haope ad? = [n—3P ++) As the circle passes through (2, 1) (urdstancey (Rad) 2-3'+ 4 RQHIAD _ 2-3 sd 41 eke onan! = _ (Rags) The required crete is "The come = (h, 8) can be found from these equations. 3 (2 ty) 23x dy +3: [Substitute k= -5/3 in ()] 24 ETE, study course for ts with Onin supportVidyamandir Classes Circle (TESS rind the equation of the circle passing through the points (4, 3) and (3, 2) and touching the line 3x-y-17 =0. (A 4y? 431r-43y-2050 (B) Py? -9x43y420=0 (CQ) P+ y?—a1e443y-20=0 () A 4y%+9x43y+20=0 SOLUTION: (A) The family of circles, any circle passing through > There are wo circles through A and B and A= (4,3) and B= 3, 2) can be taken as 17=0 and the equations WP hyt-TeSy4 18th y= =0 [Using 3rd family] Te~ Sy # 18-2 (e~ Pay GAT HCAS) 4 1B-k=0 and Te= Sy +184 38 @-y—1) <0 (7-k k45) > Conteofeivte = (754, #55) = ox—3y+2020 This circle touches 3x—y—17=0 and x+y" #31x—43y—20=0 For condition oftangeney, distance of centre from ine Another Approach : 3x-y- 17 = 0is radius Let C=(h, bye the centre of required circle p&4) and M = (7/2, 5/2) be the mid point of AB. - Part € lies on right bisector of AB => slope (CM) x slope (AB) a (E82) n=712) 5 = distance of centre from (31—y-17=0) (both are equal to radius of the cele) {by squaring on both side} when itt > 44814360 = 1008 +2) = +k 5 3 RA36k-16=0 0 > k=-2,38 We can get h, k from these two equations TEES ir the circle x° + y" + 2gx + 2fy + c= 0 is touched by y = x at P such that OP = 6V2, then the value of ¢ is (A) 36 @) 48 On (D) None of these SOLUTION :(¢) The equation of the line y = x in parametsic form is Equation of family of circles touching y =x at (6, 6) ==, where @== * cos8 sin® 4 (x6)? +(y-6) +&(y-2) =0 “ For point P, r= 6V2 . Therefore coordinates of P are = a ty?—(12+k) x-(12-k) y+72=0 given by On observing above equation, ¢ = 72 — => Every member of the family has ¢ = 72 og Given cizcle is also'& member of the family = r=6y = F266) Hence ¢ = 72. Sat Study Course for ITIEE with Online Support FaCircle idyamandir Classes CHORD OF CONTACT AND COMMON CHORD Section - 5 5.1 Equation of Chord of Contact A point A (3,9) lies outside the circle ‘Two tangents AP and AQ are drawn to the citcle from A as shown. The segment PQ passing through the points of contact is called the chord of contact for circle with respect to A, h For circle centred at origin : The equation of chord of contact PQ for ciscle x? + y* = at is A fy) ay ty sa g (ii) For general circle : The equation of chord of contact PQ for ciscle x? + y+ 2gn-+ 2fp +e = 08 ay ty teeta tfoty)te=0. Note: The result of equation of the chord of contact is same as that of equation of the tangent drawn to circle at (x,y) SESS Uf the chord of contact of tangents drawn from a point on the circle x? + y* touches the circle x? +y? =e, then a, b, © are in (GP. (RP. © AP. (D) None of these ? to the circle x2 +y? SOLUTION :(A) Let P (a.cos 8, asin 8) be a point on the circle 2? +y? = ‘Then equation of chord of contact of tangents drawn from P (a cos ®, asin 8) to the circle 4? +? =p? is ax cos O + ay sin = 6 @ ‘This touches the citcle x? +y? =e? =i) Length of perpendicular from (0, 0) t0 lo+o-s") radius of (0) [eos 0a? sino) = eae = abeareinGP. SS should subtend right angle atthe centre of the circle. ; () Pasa (Bak a2 (C) +E = (D) P+ RP =3a? 2g CUETTEDENNNNNNNINIA,. se study course for with Onn supportRC GucUcaceee Circle SOLUTION : (B) Equation of chord of contact AB is: Angle between pair of lines is 90° if bethye? 0) coefficient of x? + coefficient of y* = 0 ‘Now, we will find the equation of pair of lines O4 and = PB ea =0 (0B by homogenising x°-+y =a? with equation of > Bek chord of contact 4B, Homogenising means making degree of every term same From (i), hy + hy= a? 1 ‘To homogenise circle x? + y? chord of contact AB, we can write circle as Another Approach : (+ y!=a?, Pand replace value of (i) ftom (i). pe +h? ZOAP = 208: [radius tangent] = tte (& 2) 3 att sy)= trey A0B== v0) = 8 @ fh) -Ahky + (@e-)=0 ‘The equation represents pair of straight lines = cora=™ [soar = sonr| 4 Itis given that AB substends angle 3/2 at 0. ILimplies In AOAP, 5 ZA0B=% = Angle between pair of lines OA and OA 2 7 Ae m sin—=— = V+ =J2a = +k = 20" OB is nid. 4 OF 5.2 Equation of chord whose mid point is given Equation of chord whose mid point known in notation form is: T'= 5, () For circle centred at origit ‘The equation of chord whose mid point is (x, y,) given for x? + y where T= 2x, + yy, — 0" Sm sft yf at [replace x x, and y+ yin equation of crcl] = oat erieyd (i) For general circle ‘The equation of chord whose mid point is (x, 94) given for x? + y+ 2gx + 2f) te =Ois: T=5, Toa tyy, tg EMD ASO FY) Hem, S= xh + yP 429m 42h He! = ty teeta) +fO+y) = At YP +2em + 2h Set Stuy Course or DEE with Online Suppor FaCircle CO EMEUC ced 5.3. Equation of Common Chord of Circle The chord joining the point of intersection of two given circles is their common chord ie. AB is the common chord. ‘The equation of the common chord of two circles is: A is 5,-5,=0 is WG-8) +2 -H +e, XK Note for Common Chord : 1. The common chord PQ of two circles becomes of the maximum length when its length is equal to the diameter of the smaller circle between them, 2. Ifeitele is described on the common chord as diameter then centre of the circle ie on the common chord of two circles ie. S-5'=0. 3. The length of common chord is zero, then the two circles touches each other and the common chord becomes the common tangent to the two circles at the common point of contact. 4. Tofind equation of common chord first make coefficient of x and y* same in both equation and then subtract Mlustrating the Concepts : Find the equation of common chord of the two circles 24 yy Bx Dy + T= Oand xe + y*-3x-Ty + 12 = 0. Also find the length of the common chord. Let A, B be the points of intersection of the circles. => y=2,4 = Correspondingly, x = 1,3 = ABis the common chord Hence, A= (1, 2)and B= G4) re points of intersection [Equation of common chord of circles is: S,— of two circles i) = xnyt1=0 To find the coordinates of A and B, solve one of the ‘Wo cireles with equation of common chord } cin, 72) Onsubstituting -1inoneofthe equations ofcircle, we get y?—6y +8=0. Length of AB : AB=Y(3~1)? + (4-2)? = 202 The circle + y* + 2gr + By + c= 0 bisects the circumference of the circle Pay eet Pye = 0,if (A) 2a @- 8426 G-F9 (B) 2e@-8)-2F'G-f) =e-€ ©) 8 @-e 490-19 (D)_ None of these 2s CUTTER, sr stay course for st with ontine SupportRic GucUcum cece Circle SOLUTION : (A) Common chord 5, ~ 5,=0 passes through the centre = Hence, the common chord is : of S,=0. Qg-edxt2G-Syt(e-c)=0 where, S,=x? +yh4 2gx + 2fy+e=0 As it passes through (= g', —/”), we have and S=x4 + 2a'e4Df'y+e'=0. 2g (g- 8) 42/' F-F)=(-€) [DEY Oe pore equation ofthe chord of oF angle 2n/3 at the origin is: (A) 3y4+4r-25=0 (B) x+y-8=0 (©) 3x4 4y-3: (00 thar passes through (1, 7) and subtends an (D) None of these SOLUTION : (A) Let D be the midpoint of chord AB, drawn through the point (1,7) Webave, 2D04= © = OD=0A-cos © Let equation of chord AB be (y ~ 7) =m (= 1) =m 49 14m = 25+ 25 mi? ie, y-mesm=7=0 MnP + am 24 4 ar) ‘Thus, equation of chord AB is 4y-3x-25=0 or 3y+4r-2 re EX” Two circles C, and C, intersect in such a way that their common chord is of maximum length. Centre of C, is (1, 2) and it’s radius is 3 units, Radius of C, is 5 units. If slope of common chord is 3/4, then centre of C, can be m8) ) © Ga “w ( SOLUTION : (8) Clearly diameter of C, will be the common chord. Let the common chord be PQ and center of C, be Ahk). We have AP= 5, Pl = AB=4 units where B = (1,2). P Set Stady Cours for ITJEE with Online Support 2INTERSECTION OF TWO CIRCLES Section - 6 61 Two Circles touching each other : Find the equations of circles with radius 18 and touching the circle x° + y° (a) (8) When two circles touch each other externally : ‘Then distance between their centres = sum oftheir radii ie, CGentn In such eases, the point of contact P divides the line joining C, and C, intemaly inthe ratio r,:r, GPA 7 OP a (x,, y,) and C, = (x, y,) { yh { c, ) then co-ondinate of P is (ustat,watan) Ath Ath ‘When two circles touch each other internally : ‘Then distance between their centres = Difference of their radii ie, OC, In such cases, the point of contact P divides the line joining C, and C, extemally in the ratio r, :r, Vey" thn coordinates of Ps [ mm =n ma=2i) ann aon Mustrating the Concept : 100 at the point (6, -8). case 1: case If the required circle touches x? + y? = 100 at (6, -8) If the required circle touches x° + y* = 100 at (6, -8). omeraaly, internally, then P (6, -8) divides 04" in the ratio ‘Then P (6, -8) divides OA in the ratio 2 : 3 internally. 2: 3 externally. Let centre of the circle be (i,k). Now using section, Let centre of the circle be (, 8). Now using section formula, we get formula, we get 2-300) 2k 2h+30) 2k +3(0) 6 and 2-3 243 233 has and k=-20 and (0) (r~ 15) +(y +20)* = 225s the required circle co CQESTSTSNNNNNNNNNNA, scour for tonne SportNie cur ums eee 6.2 63 Circle ‘Alternate method : Above question canbe solved using family of circles Find equation of tangent drawn to x? + y? = 100 at (6-8) i.e. 6r— 8y = 100, Consider family of ciscle as ) (2 +5? 100) +& (6x-8)-100)=0. Find the member of family with radius 15, > he-3 and kad > 43 + (Y= AF = 225 is the required circle Common Tangents to Two Circles Common Tangent : A line which touches both the circles is called common tangent Types of Common Tangent : There are two types of common tangent, () Direct Common tangent (i) Indirect Common tangent () Direct Common tangent : When two circles touching the given line lie on same side of the line then the line is called the disect ‘common tangent, Here, T, and T, are ditect common tangents, (ii) Indirect Common Tangent : When two citcles touching the given line li on different sides of the line then the line is called the indirect common tangent. Indirect common tangents are also known as Transverse common tangents Here, T, and T, are indirect common tangents. Different Cases of Intersection of Two Circles Let the two ciscles be ear ton 6) and @a)' 40-9 = +i) with centres C, (x, 9,) and C; (¥,, yz) and radii r, and r, respectively. Then following cases may arise case |: When C, C, >; +7, ie. the distance between the centres is greater than the sum of the radi, Transverse common tangents Sel Stuy Cours for TEE with Online Suppor ByIn this case, four common tangents can be drawn to two circles, in which two are direc common fangents and the other two ate rransverse common tangents, It can also be seen that two circles do not intersect. Hence, there is zero point of intersection between thera, case il: When C, C, = 7; +r, ie., the distance between the centres is equal to the sum of radii, Dizeet common tangent (§,-8,)=0 In this case, two direct common tangents can be drawn while the transverse common tangents are coincident i.e. only ‘one transverse common tangent. TWo circles meet at point which is point of contact between them therefore there is ‘one point of intersection between them. Note: Meixcles toucheachotherextemally ie, C,C,=7, +r; then equation of transverse common tangent at the point of contact is: $,~S, Case ils When Ij =n 1< CC, la +? G = (40) and raise: . = tal eel (ete) And for x°+y? —2by-+e7=0, centre C, raf 1 rns ie: VE = eeselPee) =e notes Approath Common tangent is given by 5,-5,=0 ‘wo circles touches each aber if C, C, = or ax—by =0 = (ew feo poe By applying the condition of tangency with one circle jah +b mate +t 1 we get: Simplify to get MOONE wis agucton op cits nang wa env iy 4 39 w GW Ow norm Bg just sufficient to contain the circle x (x= 4) + y (y ~ 3) = Ois () 24 yt43x- 6 -40=0 @B) 2 +y' 4 Gray 45=0 (©) 2 4yt+ 8x4 4y-20=0 (D) 2+ y+ 44 By +202 SOLUTION : (B) For the circle y2+y?—dx-3y=0, centre If 2nd circle just contains the Ist, then two circles G,=(2,32), and y= 5/2 touches each other internally ie. C, C,=r,—r, Equation of normal for required circle is = $=|n-5/2| > ny =15/2. yn =3/2 64 Yt dry + 3x46 As required cile is bigger than given cisele so consider > x43=0,x42y=0 r 15/2 and reject r= S/2 s0 the requiced ciscle is Which intersect at the centre (3, 32), and let radius yt 46r-3)—45=0 of required citele be r, Equation of Common Tangent Let two circles be (ahem AK) and aay H Oy PER i) with centres G = (4, »,)and C, = Gy, y,) and radi and r, respectively. Then to find the equation of common tangent wwe follow the given working rule “ satu ose rE wither