Ellipse Learning Part Session 1 * Ellipse Definition * The Foci and Two Directrices of an Ellipse * Some Terms Related to an Ellipse Standard Equation of Ellipse Tracing of the Ellipse Focal Distances of a Point Mechanical Construction of an Ellipse ‘The Shape of the Ellipse whenb >a + a Session 2 + Position of a Point with Respect to an Ellipse ‘+ Equation of Tangent in Different Forms * Properties of Eccentric Angles of the Co-normal Points + Smart Table Intersection of a Line and an Ellipse Equations of Normals in Different Forms Co-normal Points Lie on a Fixed Curve Session 3 * Pair of Tangents * Chord Bisected at a Given Point Conjugate Diameters Director Circle Cosncyclic Points operty of an Ellipse Lalaearnert 4d to Two Perpendicular Lines Chord of Contact Diameter *+ Equi-Conjugate Diameters * Sub-Tangent and Sub-Normal Some Standard Properties ofthe Ellipse # Equation of an Ellipse Referre Practice Part '* JEE Types Examples Chapter Exercises Arihant on Your Mobil bile, See inside cover page to activate for free, ‘pol can be practised on your mo! Erercises with the 3] symSession 1 Ellipse Definition, Standard Equation of Ellipse, Tracing of the Ellipse,Focal Distances of a Point, The Shape of the Ellipse x2/a? + y2/b2 = 1, When b >a, Mechanical Construction of an Ellipse, Ellipse Definition ‘Then, adding Eqs. () and (i), SA+SA’=e(AZ+A’Z) An ellipse is the locus of a point which moves in a plane =e(CZ—CA+CA’+CZ) (from figure) such that its distance from a fixed point (i. focus) is a constant ratio from a fixed line (Le. directrix), = (2cZ) (/CA=CAY ‘This ratio is called eccentricity and is denoted by e. => eCZ For an ellips{0- Let P(x, y) by any point on the ellipse referred to CA and CB as co-ordinate axes x? (Ine) +y? =a? (1e?)Chap 06 Ellipse 463 ‘The equation being the same as that of the ellipse when S(ae,0) is focus and MZ i.e. x =a/e is directrix. ( a? (1-¢?)| et | Hence, coordinates of foci aré\(tae,0)Jand equations aie. Ea thestandard equation oF an elipse, Aa’ and apr f ditectrices ae\ : ed the major and minor axes ofthe ellipse, . sho and Aand A’ are the vertices of the ellipse, iets 4. Distance between foci $s’ =2aeand distance between 7 directrices 22’=2a/ ¢ tem A. ite=0 elise are said t be silat they have the same value of then =a (1-0) cao : pe? | cnerallys oy | seeqution to the ellipse, whose focus is the point (h,k) then equation of eine 5 + Fz =tenangesin le cidiectrix is Le +my +n =0 and whose eccentricity ise, (xh? Hy hy? =e? etmy my? (+m?) Seat the Foci and Two Directrices fan Ellipse dnthe negative side of origin take a point $’ which is x. x ¥ 2 a seh that ao (a0) CS=CS’=ae iF ‘adanother point 2’, then cz=cz'=4 e or | : Coordinates of S’ are (—ae, Oo) and equation of second 7 es ONE Be featix(ie, 2’M’) is \x == 4 J £ ie. (PN)? AN- A'N::(BC}? (AC)? “*2lx,y) be any point on the ellipse, then % distance of every focus from the extremity of minor axis is eee ie. (CEI AE PA =a, : (s’P)? =e" (PM’)? (e400)? +(y 0)? Tracing of the Ellipse (rae) ty? (era)? Equation of the ellipse is ae) = 2 ¥ ye Beeps yteat ae) aot i) 1. The ellipse (i) cuts X-axis at A(a,0) and A’ (—a,0) and cuts Y-axis at B(0,) and B’ (0, —b). Sm Eq. (i) does not change when y is replaced by ~ y and x is replaced by —x, Hence ellipse (is PAetied - F symmetrical about both axes Ches\&, 3 Si \ Sane FQN464 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry 4. Axes : The lines AA’ and BB’ are called the major tion (i) be written in either of the form 5. The equation may Dew and minor axes of the ellipse co) . o-¢8 44 2 2 or Aili) or o1~e? 514) or a (1-e*) b) are latusrectums of the ellipse. These line are Centre : All chords passing through C is bisected at C perpendicular to major axis A’ A and through the foci Here C=(0,0) ee Sand $’, respectively. Length of the latusrectum. Now let LL’ =2k then IS=L’'S=k Coordinates of L and L’ are (ae, k) and (ae, ~k) lies 8 the ellipse Let the equation of the ellipse ~~ 2. Foci : S and S’ are two foci of the ellipse and their coordinates are (ae, 0) and (ae, 0) respectively. 3. Directrices : ZM and Z’ M’ are two directrices of the Sand x= e e ellipse and their equation are x respectively.Chap 06 Ellipse 465 >0) a or or > 2 _tength of latusrectum LL’ = 1, 1,7 = 26" points of latusrectum are “ a and end of a or 2 L (« *\ LU (+-- a * L,=|-a we), _Example 3 If the distance between the directrices is 1 enh Ly “thrice the distance between the foci, then find eccentricity of the ellipse. respectively. Sol. Given, 24 =3(2ae) => e? =+ Remark causetum ne (Minor axis? a (a) (Major axis) Upample 4 If P (x,y) be any point on the ellipse =2a(-&) 424 ae) \ Fox? +25y? =400 and F, =(3,0), Fz =(-3,0), then find a istanes an yD the value ea tna (-ve(distance from focus to the corresponding directs oe = al 7 — Sol. We have, 16x’ +25y* = 400 Duras 1. Focal chord : A chord of the ellipse passing through eee ee ss its focus is called a focal chord. ~ + - 5+4e1 20s = So Fa Remark 7 eS % ++ Coordinates of foci an( + ae,0) Seituctum isthe harmonic mean of the segments of focal oh « fat — 8, *.0) totorcl+ 1 = 24 (a> 6), where POIs the focal chord and $_ 7 SQ BF (a> 0, wnere Fas theres 7 ie. (+ y(25—16),0) or(+3,0) S. i ‘Thus, F, and F, are foci of the ellipse. 8 Vertices : The vertices of the ellipse are the points Se Ee Saag tala ae where the ellipse meets its major axis. =2x5=10 Hence, A and A’ are the vertices 9. Parametric equation of the ellipse : The circle = ‘Aw(a0) and A’=(-40) described on the major-axis of an ellipse as diameter * is called the auxiliary circle of the ellipse. lanier SQ is a focal chord of the ellipse Let the equation of ellipse be Ft 'bx? + 25y2 = 400, such that SP =8, then find the length of SQ. : x yy i 1 sli ‘ t The given ellipse is 16x? + 25)" net Equation of its auxiliary circle is way? aa? (Adis f the circle) sg=2 x. SS Campi, Ifthe latusrectum of an ellipse is eas! cad) Ry "a otts minor-anis, then find its eceentTicl)- *Tatsrectum = 1 (minor as)466 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry Let Q be a point on the auxiliary circle x* + y’ such that QP produced is perpendicular to the X-axis. ‘Then P and Q are the corresponding points on the ellipse and the auxiliary circle respectively. Let ZQCA=6 (0S o<2n) ie. the eccentric angle of P on an ellipse is the angle which the radius (or radius vector) through the corresponding point on the auxiliary circle makes with the major axis, R * (a.cosé, a sing) vo described on focal length as diameter always touches the mune Bemerve> » Now x-coordinate of P is acos_ Poa Let y-coordinate of P is y, then (acos6, y) lies on the v ellipse Cnsderelipse + 2 Let Pe acos sin) and Sbe(260) sp=ePm=e(3-2c0s0) e =(0-20c08 6) fhe auxiliary circle x* @ having center . The avian ciclex2+ y? =a? having ce (0.0) and radius =a y y=bsing Coordinates of P are (a cos}, b sing). We have x=acosh,y ee x x of the ellipse. ofS Thi pin (aco and iso called the point ‘. oo Remark ‘The equation of the chord joining the points y / ipatdoheel Seid The cree having SPs the diameter has ce center and Qmlacosdnbsind.)is ae 208) + O14 2" it eo oi-o: Cp foot) fon (E8258) a gu Pat t ft nea chord, then it pass through (ae,0) or (-ae,0), then o 2 ecos(*2¢2} +0 =cos(# 2 Now. GG = (ey +(eaney 2 2 2 2 1 = pve (e+ cos OF + FIs = SMe +008" 04 20005 8+ sin? oan) = Nie cos 6+ 2ecos 0+) = a 20+ 00080 =i Hence, the circle on SP as diameter internal douches the aualiany cicChap 06 Ellipse 467 ’5 Find the eccentric an oat o y : ile of a point on the Another definition of ellipse : An ellipse is the locus of pez toy. b Whose distance from the center of Pome neh move plane such that the sum ofits 5 distances from two fixed points in the same plane is eclipses : always constant. aay point on the ellipse is P (6 cos 6, v2 sin 0) 0 <2n and C (0.0) cent _Bentark where,0 (0,0) is center, given CP = /5 SP and $’P are also called focal radii of the ellipse 2 (cpy =5 SP=a-er, and S’P=aten a 6 cos* @ +2sin? 8 =5 : I ple 6 An ellipse having foci at (3, 3) and (4,4) 4 6(1-sin? @) +2sin? @ =5 .2and passing through the origin, then find eccentricity 7 sin? 9 = = of the ellipse. 4 Sol. The ellipse is passing through 0 (0,0) and has foci ging thatan® Peas) and Q(-a-4) then 7 6 OP + 0Q = 2a and PQ = 2ae mom 7m Un Dee ese Eee S766 7 : Op+0Q wWa+aye 7 focal Distances of a Point The Shape of the Ellipse ‘hesum of focal distances of any point on the ellipse is 2 2 ‘qual to the major axis. The ellipse is xy when b>a Ey Pad o a b ; a ThefociS and S’ are (ae, 0) and (ae, 0). Theequations of its directrices MZ and M’Z’ are x=a/e In this case major and minor-axis of the ellipse along Yeaxis and X-axis respectively. then AA’=2b and BB’ adx=-a/e letP(x,,y,) be any point on Eq. (i) Zw [y0.0) eae) ‘The foci $ and S’ are (0, be) and (0,—be) respectively ‘e = 2q= AA’ =major ads Batty eee "ce, the sum of the focal distances of @ PO® int on the e e major : ig constant and is equal t© 1 ength ofthe MAjOE gre respectively, e ellipse. A 7468 — Textbook of Coordinate Geometry Mechanical Construction of an Ellipse Let S and S’ be two drawing pins and let an inextensible string whose ends at S and S‘ and length is equal to sum of SP and S’P ic. 2a, where P is point of pencil. The point of pencil move on paper and the fixed ends always tight. So as to satisfy these conditions it will trace out the curve on the paper. This curve is an ellipse. Hence the locus of the } point of pencil is an ellipse. Smart Table : Difference between both (Horizontal and Vertical) Ellipses will be clear from the following ty, Horizontal ellipse Vertical ellipse Tt Equation and graph of aye yy thease anes atpret y Z| Me la Se “ty rH" P te g a x. x Basic fundamentals } t ¥ | | Ive Centre (0,0) (0,0) Vertces = (40) (0,28) Length of major axis 2a 2 Length of minor axis 2 2a Foci __| Beemer ie fat=#),0) (0,4 be) or (0, (6? —a*)) | Distance between foci 2be or2 Vib a4) Equation of directrices xa! . Disc beeen dese 2 z | Aton between a, bande a Fe) * | (le?) \ PR fase we —orza(1~e*) 2a 7 ) Borah. et) End points of latusectum (: e ) ae, + — é - 22 oe ; ( : +) Focal radi SP=a~ex,S'Paat ex andsP+5P=2a | spep =b~ey,5’P=bs ey, and sP + SP=2 Pp Parametric Coordinates (a¢08 0, bsin 6),0:50<20 ‘ = ‘Tangents at the vertices xeta come ban hes ce yatesNN NUN 7 Find the lengths of major a the of foci, vertices and the as ipse 3x" +2y” =6. Also find the equation of the ete jeeson of ellipse is 3x? + ay) 2 2 yr OF comparing this equation with (Here b> a) Length of major axis = 2b = 23 nd Length of minor axis = 2a = 2v2 Ifebe the eccentricity, then a? 2 2231-02) = e? Vettes = (04 6)=(0, V3) and foci are (0,4 be) = (0, + 1) and equation of the directrices are y = tble -+4 Pt Gry) yess \fampfe 8 Find the equation of an ellipse whose focus is (-1,1), eccentricity is ; and the directrix is t-y4+3=0. Let P(x, y) be any point on the ellipse whose focus 18 (1) and the directrix is x-y+3=0.DFaW PM 5g Ferpendicular from P (x, y) on the directri *— Then by definition Chap 06 Ellipse 469 ia (SP) =e? (PM) = ant eg autatfeazeat al = B(x? ty? 42x -2y +2) = xt by? 49 -2xy + 6x —6y = 1x? + Ty? + 2xy + 10x - 10y +720 which is the required equation of the ellipse. ye Lexample 9 Show that the line Ix-+ my +n=O will cut the ellipse x? /a? + y? /b? =1 in points whose eccentric angles differ by (7/2), if a1? +b?m? =2n?. Sol. Let eccentric angles are @ and @, then o-o25 (given) + ste ‘The line joining the point ‘ oatiet CH a 6 or Zecos(% +9) +2sin(% +0) =4. 5 * coi(%+4)+2ain(E+0) 7 0 and the given line is x + my +n =0 or ket my=-n a) ‘Now, Eqs. i) and (ii) represent the same line, so comparing them, we get ® an(™ i a) el CO a mb me co(E+9) 4 i) % mb and sin(2+4)= wh Aiv) ‘Squaring and adding Eqs. (ii) and (iv), then Pat, mite an? 2n® Pa? + ib? = 2n? imple 10 if a chord joining two points whose “eccentric angles are o.,B cut the major axis of an ellipse at a distance d from the centre. Show that tan(o./2) tan(@/2) = (d - a)/(d+ a), where 2a is the length of major axis.470 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry Sol. Let the equation of the ellipse be i) pia) py ow Y ‘The equation of the line joining ‘a’ and“ on the ellipse son 2) ogo) - 3) Since, it cuts the major axis of the ellipse at a distance d from the centre ie. passes through the point (d,0), then =) + 0= os(% cola or (By componendo and dividendo) _2sin (0/2) sia(B/2) © 2 e0s(0t/2) cos(B/2) = tan(at/2) tan(B/2) tan (1/2) tan (B/2) = dta imple 11 if the angle between the straight lines joining foci and the ends of the minor axis of the 2 +X =11s 90°. Find its eccentricity b Sol. The equation of the ellipse is Leta>b 80.6) ACeeeoc] eas" Bb) The ends of minor axis are B (0, b) and B’ (0, ~b).If the eccentricity of the ellipse ise, then the foci are S (ae, 0) and 8’ (~ae, 0) eto Slope of BS is ™ = Ge ~~ ae b-0 _b and slope of BS’ is ™: = 05 ce ~ ae -- The angle between BS and BS’ is 90, mm, =—1 obxSe-1 =i ae ae = = = I Banca Find the equation of the ellipse referred towt€centre whose minor axis is equal to the distance between the foci and whose latusrectum is 10. Sol, Let the equation of the ellipse is x (leta>d a ; ‘Then, the foci are $ (ae, 0) and S'(~ ae, 0), length of minor 2 and length of latusrectum B a“ Ss Ss yA “According to the question BBY SS" => 2b= 2a A) = 0 350 @ also we have b* = a? (1 ~ ¢) é) Putting the value of b from Eq, (i) in Eq, (ii), we have @e? =a? (1—¢) 4 u 1 “2 From Eq. (i), we have b v “% “T(trom Ea. ip) prom Ea. i) ting the values of aand bin = 4. = putting snd {FT hthe equation of requited ellipse is 100 way 13, Prove that the ratio of I ple fe of any triangle PQR inscribed in the ellipse — S a b that of tangle formed by the corresponding points on land the auxiliary circle is = a Sol Let the three points on the ellipse be P (acos a, bsin @), (aos 8, bsin B) and R(a cos ¥, bsin y), ‘Then, the corresponding points on the auxiliary circle are A(a.cos o, asin a), B(a cos B, asin B) and C(acos ¥,asin ¥), then Jacosa bsina acosB bsinB t y yo AreaofAPOR _*[acosy bsiny_1| Areaof ABC ,|acos@ asina 1 aeosB casing 1] Sy*e 2Jacosy asiny 1 cosa sina | cosB sinB 1 cosy siny 1 cosa sina I cosB sinB 1 cosy siny 1 ab a "eal ities of a line segment of wait yee es xed perpendicular straight lines. Find the locus of that point which divides this line ‘Segment in ratio 1 : 2. SO Let Pas PB = 1:2 PAs ke . 3k =Isin® ad n= 2 cos 3 im (i) Chap 06 Ellipse 471 Ail) Squaring and adding Eqs. (i) and (ji, then £- Lot Alite Let A =(a,0)and and z e _l pai focal radii drawn from the point (4/3, on? 4 SE + Pe 9h? + 36k? = al? cus of P (h,k) is ox? + 36y? = 41? b) P (h, k) divide AB in the ratio 1:2 (internally), then oh 436k? = al? 2 Locus of P(h, k)is 9x? + 36y? = 41? uations of the ple 15 Find the lengths and 5) on the ellipse 25x? + 16y? = 1600. Sol. The equation of the ellipse is asx? + 16y* = 1600472 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry Here, b> a 100 a =P (Ie) 64 = 100(1-*) = €=3/5 Let P(x.) = (AV 5) be point onthe ellipse then SPands’P are the focal ai SP=b-y, and SP bey sp =10-3xSand s’P=10+3x5 5 5 = SP=7 and S'P=13 Also, Sis(0, be) 3 ie 0.10% 3) ie, (06) (0105) 0 and” is(0,-be) Exercise for Session 1 4. Te ent of the majr ax ofthe elise + OR B 2 The equation @ac4 ara 3. Tre eccentioty ofan ose > + Ye (a) 4 (b) 4 10x3) te (o-med ie (0-6) | Equation of SP is ’ 6 “5 (x- 43) year) = 4 fay +203 = x 4N3 or x4 4-24 V5 =0 and equation of S’P is y-s ger 8) 4 V3y + 203 = — 11x + 443 tix -4¥3y—24 V3 =0 ¥7 «1s three ties the length of minor axis, it eccentric a 22 22 (e) > (@) — = represents an ellipse, if ()410 y 2 = t whose ltusrectum is half ofits major axis, is o8 (@) @ 4. Ifthe eccentricity ofan ellipse is er then its latusrectum is equal to its (a) minor axis (0) semi minor axis (c) major axis (4) semi major axis 5. Ifthe distance between the foci of an ellipse is equal to its minior axis, then its eccentricity is @ . 2 OB oF 2 (b) centre @ 2 2 1 then the chord joining two points cand on the elipse X= a 1 ol 1 3 OF ‘whose distance from the centre of ellipse is 2, i8 on wo Sn 2 OF 4. will subtend a right (0) end of major axis (@) end of minor axisChap 06 Ellipse 473 8. Ifthe eccentricity of the two ellipses x2 , y? wy 160 * 2g = 1and => + 5 = tare equal, then the value of a/b is oz 8 w)& a 3 5 @2 9. The ratio of th ’ a, . 'e areas of triangle inscribed i re serbed in elipse + 4 = 110 that of triangle formed by the corresponding points on the auxiliary circle is 1, th 3 then the eccentricity ofthe ellipse is @3 : © ot ; B OF B 10. 1 PSs a focal chor of he elinse 16x + 25y? =400 uch tha SP = 16 then the length Sais @ % 8 os 2 11. LetP be a variable point on the ellipse 5 se 16 with foci at $ and S’ If Abe the area of triangle PSS’, then the maximum value of Ais (a) 12 sq units (0) 24 5q units (©) 36 sq units (4) 48 sq units 12. \fSand $’ are the foci of an ellipse of major axis of length 10 units and P is any point on the ellipse such that the perimeter of triangle PSS’ is 15 units, then the eccentricity ofthe ellipse is 4 4 @; oF 7 ws Ope 95 4 13. Find the latusrectum, eccentricity, coordinates of the foci, coordinates ofthe vertices, the length of the axes and the centre of the ellipse 4x? 4 9y? -8x -36y +4=0 14. The distance between the foci of an ellipse is 40 and its latusrectum is 15 ; find its equation referred to its axes as axes of coordinates. ofthe ellipse whose axes are parallel to the coordinate axes having is centre atthe point at (3, -3) and one vertex at (4-3). the ellipse whose foci are (2,3).(-2,3)and ‘whose semi-minor axes is 5. 15. Find the equation (2,3) one focus 16. Find the equation of 17. Show that the equation (10x sy + (10y -5)° =(3x + 4y — 4) represents an ellipse, find the eccentricity of the ellipse, Fed the locus of the extremities of the ats major axes. rectum of the family of ellipses b2x? + y? = ab? having a givenSession 2 Position of a Point with Respect to an Ellipse, Intersection of a Line and an Ellipse, Equation of Tangent in Different Forms, Equations of Normals in Different Forms, Properties of Eccentric Angles of the Co-normal Points, Co-normal Points Lie on a Fixed Curve Position of a Point with Respect to an Ellipse Theorem : Prove that the point P(x,,y, ) lies outside, on, or inside the ellipse = + e = according as eet HM ts coco a Proof : From point P(x,,,) draw perpendicular PM on AA’ to meet the ellipse at Q(x, 72). Y Poy) lovey.) : \ iF ¥ Since, Q(x, 2) lies on the ellipse 24%a1 a then, Yo st = Yay Mt a Now, point P lies outside, on or inside the ellipse according as PM >,=0r, Vy >= OK, <2 2 2 2h 20r,<22 7 we ee 2 2 = YS sor,<1-2h [from Eq. (i) & a = 7144 >= or,<1, a BF x yt or 1421-15, =0r,<0 rte Hence, the point P(x, y;) lies outside, on or inside the ellipse = ee = according as 42-15 0,=01,<0 26 Remark Ta eey 2 2 lta 4X1 thong, 4H, Fo ear ‘The Point (les outside, on or inside the ellipse $ =0 according as $, >= or <0, : 1 Example 16 Find the position of the point (4, - 3) relative to the ellipse 5x? + 7y? = 149 Sol. The given elipse can be written as 24." <9 28 * 20 Let seXyeiy 28 * 20 (4% | (3? 3 5-2 OF a. & 28 20 140 5othe pint 4s ~8) es outside the elipse 5x? 4 7y? = 1g = 140. ample Z Find the integral value of « for which the ~ ot |lies inside the ellipse 22 4 ¥° _ 25 46 1 1 «) lies inside the ellipse 7-8 2 5(7- Sy + Scar 10 (28 ~ S01)* + 250.° - 400<0 2 s0a* ~ 2800 +384 <0 2 250? - 1400 +192.<0 2 (60. ~ 12)(50 ~ 16) <0 Bsa = <0 2 ab?) >%>=<0 ie gmtetat — 4(a*m? + 6°) (ca © —atb?c? +a%b'm™ +a°b* 550 ® Unt abtnace .-fiv) (ii) touches the ein of Tangency : If the line Ea. ise Eq, (i), then Eq, (iii) has equal 1008s Discriminant of Eq, (iii) =0 2 wed) “the line ymax +c touches the ellipse ey im? +P a Be (which is condition of tangency) Chap 06 Ellipse 475 Substituting the value of c from Eq. (v) in Eq. (i), then y=mx + (lam? +6?) Hence, the lines y =mx + y(a’m? +b”) will always tangents to the ellipse. Point of contact : Substituting c= + (a’m? +b?) in Eq. (ii), then (a?m? +b?) x? £2ma*x (aim? +62) +(a?m? +b?) a? —a°b? =0 or (atm? +62) x? tamatx Yla?m? +b?)+a'm? =0 or (x fem? +8) ta?m)? =0 am [am +b) © am From Eq. (i), Hence, the point of contact a as m-point on the ellipse. _Bemark if m=0, then Eq, (li gives b'x? + ca? — a*6? =0 or of? + (atm? + bP) — ab? =O which gives two values of x l Example 18 rove thatthe straight line touches the ellipse + if Ike my+n= PP? +b'm? =n? Sol. The given line is bet my+n=0 Ai) Comparing this line with y = Mx + 1 Met and co =476 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry The line Eq, (i) will touch the ellipse haa +B al + Bm? ant Lexatfiple 19 show that the line xcosoc+ y sina =p 2 ye touches the ellipse ~~ +2 =1if o?cos*a+b?sin?a =p? and that point of contact is cee be } Pp Sol, The given line is x cos + y sino. = p y= = x cota +p cosec a Comparing this line with y= mx +c = m==cota and ¢=pcoseca Hence, the given line touches the ellipse, then haan? + => pP cosec’a = a®cot?a +b = pP =a cos? a+ Bsin?ar aim e'e a@ (~ cotar e Pp coseca. " p coseca, ond in coma = w (esas Lente 20 For what value of 2 does the line y =x+A touches the ellipse 9x? + 16y? = 144, Sol. -: Equation of ellipse is 9x? + 16)? =144 or 24 P a1 wa 6 then, we get a?=16 and b?=9 and comparing the line y = x + A with y = mx +c Comparing this with and ah Ifthe line y = x + A touches the ellipse 9x? + 16)? = 144 then Equation of Tangent in Different Forms 1. Point Form Fhieorem : The equation of tangent tothe ellipse ; , 2 LY oat the point (x,,y4) is 21 +2 ae ab xy Proof : (By first Principal Method) Pb.) -: Equation of ellipse is 1) Let P=(x,,y,) and Q =(x2,.¥2) be any two point on Eq. (i), then ti) and i) Subtracting Eqs. (ii) from (iii), then Lae 1 gt +208 -yi)=0 = Gate — x1) O2 +) O2-y1) = Aw) Equation of PQ is yrs i) From Eqs. (iv) and (v), then ym (i) Now, for tangent at P,Q > Pie, x, > x, andy, 9Yi" then Eq, (vi) becomes aueiuuaae Yon aH Bax, @ @y,) Fees) or or 1 [from (il) ae which is required equation of tangent at (x,,y,)., il) ona mt aionoft@ngent at. ¥)) can be obtained by rep replacin aby nruxbyS22, yoy Ii ® ere OS ADY Ss yby LEN and ay py tH Fy ‘gg ntnadis plicable only when the e etm second degree in x and y. wont else is @ parametric form em : The equation of tangent to the ellipse at the point (acos6,b sing) is x * cos +~ sin’ a praf:The equation of tangent to the ellipse Yi ee (by point form) teplacing x, by acos@ and y, by b sing, then we get x, Y si Zcosp += *cos+ 7 sin athe point (154) is oro intersection of tangent at and¢'on the ellipse 2 Remetabering method : -: Equation of chord joining (acos8,b sind) and (a cos@, b sing) is Feo 224)«200(°9) oos( 25°) a 2 b 2 2 (*) wal _ 2 Sher ? 7 3) and the J stare y =m # (aim? +68) and th “ordinates of the points of contact are a ieee Tay vent +) Chap 06 Ellipse 477 Proof : Let y=mx +e a tangent to the ellipse Then the equation => xt (a’m! +b*) +20%mer ta(P-b*)=0 ‘must have equal roots 4a’m?c? ~4(a?m? +b*)a® (c* ~b*) =0 {B® -4AC =0} amc? —(a’m? + b°) (c? —b*) = a’mtc? —a?m?c? +a°b'm? — bc? +b! a?b’m® — bc? +b* Buus cf aa’? +b tylaim? +7) Substituting this value of cin y =max +e, we get yam t y(a? m? +b*) as the required equations of tangent of ellipse in terms of c slope, putting c= + y(a’m? + b*) in (i), we get x? (am? +b) 420m yam? +b") x +a'm’ =0 => (la’m? +b?) x tam)? am (a?m? +b*) > x Substituting this value of x in yemx + faim +b e (am? +b) yet ‘we obtained “Thus, the coordinates of the points of contact are z amy Yoeim? +6°) flat? +6) ple 21 IF the line 3x-+4y = 7 touches the Jllipse 3x? + 4y? =1, then find the point of contact. Sol. Let the given line touches the elipse at point (x75) ‘The equation of tangent at P is aun + 4 = 1 “ LI478 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry ‘Comparing Eq, (i) with the given equation of line i) 3x + 4y = 47, we get yan 304 x? aeyet x WME a (14 > (xt ty?) = atx? + by’ lence, point of contact (x, y,)is{ 2, 1 . ene, point of eonactx)is| #) or changing to polars by putting x = r cos0, y =r sind it becomes Leite 22 Find the equations of the tangents to 1? =a? cos*@ + b*sin?0 the ellipse 3x? +4y? = 12 which are perpendicular to the line y + 2x imple 24 Find the point on the ellipse Sol. Let m be the slope of the tangent, since the tangent is 16x? + lly? =256, where the common tangent to it Perpendicular tothe lie y +25 = ra and the circle x? + y? — 2x =15 touch, . pL Note 4 try Sol. The given elipse is 2+ Ya = a PK ther hee © Biven ellipse S36 * 56711) Since 3x? 44y? 212 poraweheie 4 : 16 ror Equation of tangent to it at point| 4 cos 0, + sin @ jis, 7 a Becase fa Rey cake vn : One Vaintle ie > X00 +y gino a1 Comparing this with 2 4 2% : 6 or eR Italso touch the circle (x ~ 1)? + (y ~0)* = 4? aa ‘Therefore, and Bas 2 6088-1 So the equations ofthe tangents are ad = |eos@ ~ 4] = (16 cos? @ +11 sin? @) or x-2yt4=0 or 4 cos? @+8cos@ -5=0 oF (2088 ~ 1)(2c080 +5) = fample 23 Find the locus of the foot of the 7 PREP aT ; > perpendicular drawn from centre upon any tangent to or con =2 + cos 0 #- ) y 2 x the ellipse —+ Peo? Sol. Any tangent of + z lis ‘Therefore, points are (= + at yam + aim +F) Most a ll) Equation ofthe line perpen o By, () and pasing Example 257Fing the maximum area of the ellipse through (0,0) is x pe Which touches the line y = 3x42 L Sol. «Line y=3x +2 touches ellipse 2 4 oe Here, m and ¢ Substituting in c? = a?m? + 52 a? + bt a)f AM=GM { yoo _ aM wt 48S oat at \seE Joan = Hae 2 2 SF eset a ae {from Eq, (i)} nab * : an 2 > Area of elips - 3 f ellipse 3 -perefore, the maximum area of the ellipse i rpdmple 26 A ciccle of radius rs concentric wth J x ‘pe elipse + > tre ellipse rt tangent is inclined to the major axis at an angle ‘9 Equation of the circle of radius r and concentric with 1. Prove that the common ellipse 2+ 2 = 1is @ ) (where m= tan®) dicular from (0,0)i8 yeme+ fone) lit isa tangent to circle, then perpen’ equal to radius 7, Leia ri dnt seme “Yor (im? (a -1?) mt? ay \ ees ) stewed Chap 06 Ellipse 479 | so VExample 27 Show that the product of the erpendiculars from the foci of any tangent to an ellipse is equal to the square of the semi minor axis, and the feet of a these perpendiculars lie on the auxiliary circle Sol, Let equation of ellipse be @ Equation of any tangent in term of slope (rm) of (i) is ye me + faim +8) or yo mx = Yai? +8? 4) Equation ofa line perpendicular to Ea, (i) and passing through $ (ae,0)is yro= A(x -ae) on xtmy=ae Ai) “The Lines Eq, (i) and Eq, i) will met atthe foot of Jespencule whose locus is obtained by eliminating te peste m between a, (i) and Eq. ii), then squaring and ing Eq i and Eq, (i), we get (may +(e my) saint +o eae? = emt ty = em (xt +9") or stayed ‘which is auxiliary circle of ellipse, similarly we can show That the other foot drawn from second focus also lies on veyed ‘Again if p, and p, be perpendiculars from foci S(ae,0) and S$" (-ae, 0)on (i) then _ Noein + 6) + mael fia m*) (am? + b*) — mae| = p= Mee mel [amy atm? + 6% — att’) am) alam 4b (a? -H*) m| Gem btm) a (+m) = 6 = (emi minor axis) Pia480 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry Jus a (ple 28 Prove that the locus of mid-points of wy f the tangents to the ellipse ~>+ 2 = the portion of the tang pse Ft intercepted between the axes is ay? +b?x? =4x2y? Sol. Let P(x,,y,) be any point on the ellipse e Equation of tangent at (x, ,) to (iis v al ir. k) ool PtH ye) 7 H 7 This mect the coordinate axes at Ee) = oe Let M (h, k) be the mid-point of QR then, a e “40 oe Ye = aa = a*k? + bh? = 4h*k? Hence, the locus of M(h, k)is ay? + Bx? = 4x?y? _ }esample 29 Prove that the tangents at the extremities of latusrectum of an ellipse intersect on the corresponding directrix Sol, Let ISL’ be a latusrectum of the ellipse ~~ Y dened +. The coordinates of Land L’ are (x £) and (e=.-)sepsiney : . Equmon oftngentat [1 (7) a x(ae), NOs oy a e = xetyaa 4) ‘The equation of the tangent at L e = ex-yna i Solving Eqs. (i) and (i), we get x=4 and y=0 ‘Thus, the tangents at L and L’ intersect at (a/ e,0) which is 4 point lying on the corresponding directrix ie. x Equations of Normals in Different Forms A Point form ‘Theorem : The equation of normal at (x;,y,) to the Proof : Since the equation of tangent to the ellipse er =) 42, : ae at(x,,y,)is 2 a Be The slope of the tangent at (x,,, ) =Chap 06 Ellipse 487 2 gope of Normals at(x,y, =o a $ Bex, a i) the equation of normal at(x,,y,)is ie @ mw) Replacing x, by a cos andy, by b sind, then Eq.(i) x x,) becomes bx 7 2. ; ex My By a acoso bsing « n ax sec ~ by cosee $= a" B* is the equation of normal at (acos@, bsin®) Remark rpeaation of normal at (x, y,) can also be obtained by this 3. Slope form od = ir ‘Theorem : The equations of the normals of slope m to the Them to PyrOyat © atipse are given by e.g fshare obtained by comparing the given elipe with ax? + 2hay + By? + 29x +2Iy+0=0 Oy m(a? -b*) nedenominors of (i) Can easily remembered by the first two row Yam eT int jthis determinant 7 (a? +b’m*) hal * hoot a mb* at the points| + 2 |. gic Jat stmt) at +8?) Soce,fnstrow, a(x) + yy) +910) zasecond rom, Ha) + UN) + £0) Proof : The equation of normal to the ellipse sreatipse # 7 at (x;,91) is : ee w et ; ard as My gy 0 Comparing Eqs. (ii) and (iii), then we get mo teh Ggn0. ‘Since, ‘m’ is the slope of the normal, then 2 Fem. Ea (equation of normal of Ei) at 1 8 ay, a or aned # « _Byan) 5 v a fe Oy ge mH Parametric form ; the ellipse ‘orem : The equation of normal f° ¥ crat(acosd, bsind) 5 ee : asec g— bycosec =a" *P0f: Since, the equation of normal ee of the ellipse Se Pie Slat (x,,91) 8482 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry From Eq. (ii) (" ons ” 2 + bm?) (a? +m I x A nia Equation of normal in terms of slope is aon na 2 eT) [sees el ¥ a + im? It passes through one extremity of the minor axis whose m(a? —88) coordinates are (0,~}) \ = ym — (iii) . O+ab= 3 (a? + bm?) 7 (e762) = (a? BY Thus y =mx ¢ OG =P) is « normal tothe ellipse ° ere [(a* + b?m?) or YL ~ + 25-1, where mis the slope of the normal a @ or ‘The coordinates of the point of contact are mt Jat +m? Ja? abn? = (taking +ve sign) Cor ring with, rmparing Eq. (ii) Lpedimple 31 Prove that the straight line yemete 2 m(a? - 6?) ix-+my-+m=0is a normal to the ellipse ~. =1it onze) (a? + 6m?) @ b? _(@?-b?? rm? (a? —6%)2 Pom ais - Sab m (a + bm?) Sol. The equation of any normal to =lis which is condition of normality, when y =mx + cis the normal of ax sec - by cosec @ ear need + my +n =Owill be a normal to the y ellipse 4 ee a ‘ample 30 If the normal at an end of a latusrectum Therefore, Eq () and be + my +n = Orepresent the ay? e of an ellipse ~~ + % =1 passes through one extremity z of the minor axis, show that the eccentricity of the ellipse is given by 0 or g2_¥5-1 ia Sal. The coordinates ofan end of the Intsrctum ae (ae, b? / a). The equation of normal at Plae, b* /a) is ex #0). et +e?-1=Chap 06 Ellipse 483 x 32 A normal inclined ' whe ey? at an angle of 45° to gis of the ellipse tps drawn. it meets the Sol. Let equation of ellipse is a its auxiliary " a J minor axes in P and Q respecti nee nj 0 spectively. If C is, ; 2 re cats of the ellipse, prove that area of ACPQ is (c xityi sa’ ie it (Coordinates of P and Q are (a cos6, bsin@)and Sn sq units. (ac0s9,asing) repesiyon ‘of normal at P to the x etipse +E ats B ut Rlec0s9,bsind) be any point on the ellipse, then equation of normal at R is ax seco bycosecg=a?-6? ax sec ~ by cosec = a See Seo and equation of normal at Qo the circle x? + y= a? is cord(a BF) —sing(a® y=xtang i) a 6 _y ee From Eq. (i), tang= ifmeets the major and minor axes at (eo ne | vs 7 @ : sing= and cos@= (@ -#) ery) ey and Q[ 0,‘ —"7 sing | are respectively en cr or cosee = ee | coso| Pa rer Jet ne eg fF - | and i sing} yi oS Substituting the values of sec and cosec @ from ; Eq, i) in Ea. @) ‘Area of ACPQ=1xCPxCQ >” ax VEEP) py LEA gt i | 2 | sind ct = y fl (i =F eng ose o or (a— 8) Ya? +9) =(a+ (a8) Butalope of normal = $ tang = tans" Given) or {ery =ard 7 xt +yha(at by 3 tang=1 which is required locus. tang=2 “1 . ape 2nd ith Properties of Eccentric Angles sinag= N= . rear ead of the Co-normal Points apy 7 Bt pat 1. In general, four normals can be drawn to an “From Eq, (i), Area of ACPQ = 2ab ellipse from any point and ifa,,B, y, 5the apy ae eccentric angles of these four co-normal points, © e+) le of 7. S 2ab Let Q(h,k) be any given point and let P(a cos@, b sing) (=O gg units. be any point on the ellipse “a+ By 2 2 leample jlipse meets the ee of an ellip anne 35 Ary ordinate the locus of the point Equation of normal at P(acos@, bsing) is jrcle 2 ‘intersection of the normals at P and Q is the circ ax sec o— by cosec ¢=a? - b? Bey sb? A a484 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry it passes through Q(h, k) Now, Eq. (i), reduces to ah sec @— bk cosec = a* ah oh a) ( } 2y¢4 —ibk) 2? or-—# _____tk___ ay Be 2 Ceh ies (: arte) (aa +2 (ah + ibk) z -(a? —b° oli 1+ tan?(9/2) 1+ tan®(9/2) Consequently z Let tang/2=t gives four values of , say ct, B,y, 8 (Here, sum of fou then, Eq. (ii) reduced to angles) bkt* +2{ah +(a® —b*)}t> +2 {ah—(a? — b*)}t —bk=0 Which is a fourth degree equation in t, hence four = normals can be drawn to an ellipse from any point Consequently, it has four values of $ say 0B, 7, 5 cakes eae or cos (a+ B47 +8) and in(a+B+y +5) =0 wow, tan($+84148) OE air aia and where, n.€1 Hence, +B+7+5 =odd multiple of x 2. Ifa, B,y are the eccentric angles of three points on the ellipse *_ +2 =1, the normals at which a BF TT are concurrent, then, 2 bk bk (+B) +sin G+) +sin (y +a)=0 “0-1 Here, in each term sum of two eccentric angles =o (From trigonometry) ("a #b) +: From Eq, (iv), 232 OF 2,29 +2;25 42,24 +2y2y +2 p74 42524 =0 ela) 28048) 5 fBo7) 4848) 008 = => [cos (0 +B) +cos(a. +y) +008 (a + 8) +cos(B +) + cos (B+) +eos (y +8)] +il(sin( +B) +sin (0 +) +sin (a. +8) +sinB+¥ +sin(B +8) +sin (y + 5)]=0 Comparing the imaginary part, then sin (a +B) +sin(a +7) +sin (a. +8) +sin B+) +sin (B+ 8) +sin(y +8)=0 Since, from property Eq. (i) +B +y += odd multiple of t (a +8)= odd multiple of n-(B+1) (8 +8) =odd multiple of x -(4 +1) ) —(y +8) =odd multiple of x sin( +8) =sin(B +7) sin (B + 8) =sin (a +) sin(y +8) =sin (+B) ~(a+8) {vsin (nm ~ct) =sinay, if nis ifs integen room Bqs. (0) and (i), we get meger)} (vi) gsin(ae +B) +2sin(B + y) +2 sin(y +r) =o Hence, sin (& +B) +sin(B +y) +sin(y +c) =0 liter: from Eq. (ii) i vi and (viii) Now, 2 hip thts ttt =—te(t th +t) thy tt 2 tyty ttaty +tyt; = +24 from (viii) thtyts {from (vii) ee tats ts hh ce tan® tan B+ tan® tan® +tantan® 2 2 2 2 2 2 cot cot! +cotl cor +e eot® 2 2 2 2 2 2 8 =y tan tan® cot %eot®|=0 2 2 2 2 =y sin? (c1/2) sin’ (B/2) =costanyeor 62) A sin(o./2) sin(B/2) cos(c/2)c0s(B2) os(ct!2) cos(B/2) + sin(a!2) sin} soos ala) cos(b/2)~sin(c/2) in BI =0 sina. sinB = _ feos +208] <0 sina sinB Chap 06 Ellipse 485 = siny (coset +cosB) z sina sinB siny = Yesiny cosa +cosB) =0 siny (coso. + cosB) + sina (cosB +cosy) +sinB (cosy + e0sct) = = sin (0. +B) +sin(6 +9) +sin(y +0) Co-normal Points Lie on a Fixed Curve Let P (x,y), (xa. Ye) Ra, ¥2) andT (x4. ¥4) Be conormal points so that normal drawn from them meet in T(hk), 7 Then, equation of normal at P (x1,)i8 nO or (2-62) x,y, +B? yx Pa =O but the point T (hi, k) lies on it (a? —b) xiy1 + Okey ~a@hy, Similarly, for points Q, Rand S are (a —B)xaye +e hye (a =b*) xgys +O kx —a*hy, =0 and (a2 —B*) aye + BRK, ~aPhys =O Hencé) P,Q, R,S all lie on the curve ae = bP) xy + Bkx - a hy =0 ‘This cuve is called Apollonian rectangular hyperbola Apollonian rectangular NyPee= es Ths intersections ofthe Apollonian rectangular ‘hyperbola with theelips.486 Textbook of Coordinate Geometry Exercise for Session 2 1. - 3. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. + Number of cstinct normal nes that canbe drawn tothe elipse 2 2 ye The number of values of c such thatthe straight line y =4x + c touches the curve “+ y’ (ao (1 (2 (A) infinite i 2 y2 a If any tangent to the ellipse “> +. z= tous offintercepts of lngthh and k onthe axes, then s + 7 is equal a (1 wo 1 (d) None of these ‘The equations of the tangents to the ellipse 3x? + y? =3 making equal intercepts on the axes are (@)y=2x22 (o)y=tx44 ()y=4x+V30 (y= txt VIE 2 ya “ was: (oer (2) 90° The numberof values of 6 <0, 2]for which the line 2x cos 8+ 3y sin =6 touches the ellipse 4x? + 9y? = 36 2 2 (4 (@infinite ‘The common tangent of x? + y?=4 and 2x? + y?=2is fa)x+y+4=0 (b)x-y+7=0 (0) 2x + 3y+8=0 (d) None of these 2 ithe normal at any point onthe line “+ ¥5 = tees the axes in Gand g respectively, then PF = (@)a:b (pa? :b? (ob:a (d)b? :a? =1, from the point (0,6)is (2)one (0) two (0) three (6) four 22 Ifa tangent of slope 2 of the elipse ~~ + > =1, is normal tothe circle x? + y2 + 4x +120, then the maximum value of ab is a (aa (2 2 (@) None of these 1¥ the normal at the point P (6) o the ellipse ‘intersect it again at the point Q (26), then cos Gis equal to a) 2 -2 (o)3 3 2 -2 3 @-3 x 2 The line 5x ~3y = 8,2 is a normal to the ellipse ~_ he line 5x ~3y = 8V2 is a nor insert then Gis equal to se mF oz @ 170 be eccentric angle of the foot ofthis normal, If the tangent drawn at point (.7,23.)on the parabola y? = 4x is same as the normal ‘drawn at a point (5 cos 6,2sin6) on the elipse 4x? + Sy? =20, Find the values of & and 6 a ip? = Tymeets the major and minor axes in G and H respectively and C in the centre of the elipse, then prove that a (CG)? + b*(CH}? =(a? 62? the norma at any point P ofthe eipse *2 @ Ifthe normal at the point P (6) to the ellipse 5x? + 14y? =70 intersects it cos 8 gain atthe point (26), show that 2 ye angent anc i n ellipse > 4. Y ir The tangent and normal at any point ofan elipse ~> + Y= = teutits major axe in pint @ and R respectively. 'TQR =a prove that the eccentric angle of the point P is given by e708" + cos —session 3 pair Sans Chord of Contact, Chord Bisected ta 7 1 Point, Diameter, Conjugate Diameters gqui-Conjugate Diameters, Director Circle Sub- fangent and Sub-Normal, Concyclic Points, Some standard Properties of the Ellipse, Reflection property of an Ellipse, Equation of an Ellipse referred to Two Perpendicular Lines pair of Tangents | or ye kom), (mac) x) hem theorem: The combined equation of the pair of tangents dawn from a point (x, y,) to the ellipse X42 n1is a oF x yy van (2 2 2 2) : ‘a a oF (2yr-d ayia) (Spo) naint 48° \@ vo a bP ) Lae Bf 7 See iae « a yy ke ga (ED) a? aoe h-x h-x; men mi 4M 2 2 where sets 7 (iy — kx)? =a (k= y,)? HM) xx yy, Hence, locus of (h, k) is ad Tape (on (hx ,b? + kya? ~ab*)A + (bx? +a7y? — 2b?) = il) Line PR will become tangent to ellipse Eq, (i) then roots of Eq, (ii) are equal 4 (hx,b? + ky,a® —a?b?)? — Mak? +bh* — a°b*)(b?x? +°y? —a°b*) =0 Re Dividing by 4a*b* -) = e Hence, locus of R(h, k) ie. equation of pair of tangents from P(x,,y,) is Fa a’ ) ie, ‘Remark 5.=0is the equation of the curve, is obtained from Sty replacing x by and y by 4 and =0isthe equation ong at (x. y)) toS=0 Chord of Contact Theorem : The equation of chord of contact of tangents | 20 drawn from a point (x,,, ) to the ellipse wy e $oxcenony Puy) Q=(x,y) and R=(x”y”) are the points of contacts of these tangents the chord QRis called chord of contact of the ellipse Equations of tangents at Q(x’, y’) and R(x”,y") are mx’ yy’ ee and 420" A, respective! ae Be ‘Pt ly ‘These tangents pass through P(x,, y, ) therefore, SF ona 2 OY a a Sy )and(x"y”) tie on 2 @ Hence, the equation QR is 1 4 IY = a BP which is same as the equation of tangent but position of point diffe [Example 34 Find the locus of the points of the achat intersection of tangents to ellipse X= + 2 ‘which make an angle 8Chap 06 Ellipse 489 xy zs viven ellipse 8 + =>=1 OZ. cave te 3 Te Ai) Aéxample 35 Prove that the chord of contact of quation of any tangs li (interms of ‘angents drawn from the point (h,k) to the ellipse gopelmis y= mx + y(a?m? +B) ey op Gi pr = Twill subtend aright angle atthe centre, if Pa.) ne 1 = je Miso find the locus of hk) R Sol. The equation of chord of contact of tangents drawn from e POOR) othe clipe + aris Baer 0 sine its passes through P (cB) then B= ma + fam? +i) 2 B-ma)= yam? +) = B~ may = aim? + aoe 2 m®(a? a) + 208m + (8? -B2)=0 ti) = (S-4) e+ (i) being a quadratic equation in m. Let roots of Eq. (ii) are m, and m,, then’ im, +m, =— tan® = (seta? @ a’) aa? (m= mz) = ym +m, = Amy, — [4087 __ 406% = B*) (@=a*y (a a") [20388 = 40" = Byte" -0°) at (a? __“* _____ _ [ae BE = at + Wo? + o'B* 0’ eaen: San “[(@ -a")| ® be the angle between these two tangents [mom [r+ mm, — Bp?) tan’ > (a? +B? — a? - HY tan * Locus of P(ot, B) is (x+y? =a" = bey! tan’ ‘The equation ofthe straight lines CA and CB is obtained by snaking homogeneous elipse “= Eq. (i) But given ZACB = 90° + Coefficient of x* + Coefficient of y? = 0 yop (@ =a" fare Chord Bisected at a Given Point ‘Theorem : The equation of a chord of the ellipse i = a oF or Proof : Let Q'=(x;,72) and R(x 3,75) be the end points igh bia? 2) , eee) ofa chord QR ofthe elise 25+ 25 =tand et P=(.91) be its mid point. tesa (a ages (Ba ages tay FP) ————_—$—$$—