Rahmawati Aisyah 2009242 Biology Education B 2020

Chapter 27 Mollusks or no shells at all. Cephalopods have

numerous com- plex sense organs.
27–4 Mollusks
Mollusks—phylum Mollusca—are soft-
bodied animals that usually have an inter-
nal or external shell. Many mollusks share
similar developmental stages. Many aquatic
mollusks have a free-swimming larval stage
called a trochophore.
The body plan of most mollusks has
four parts. The muscular foot is used for
crawling, burrowing, or catching prey. The
mantle is a thin layer of tissue that covers
most of the mollusk’s body. The shell is
made by glands in the mantle that secrete
calcium carbonate (limestone). Just beneath
the mantle is the visceral mass, which con-
sists of the internal organs.
Mollusks can be herbivores,
carnivores, filter feeders,
detritivores, or parasites.
Snails and slugs feed using a
flexible, tongue-shaped
structure called a radula.
Mollusks have an open
circulatory system, in which
blood is pumped through
vessels and through sinuses.
There are three major classes
of mol- lusks. The gastropods
include pond snails, land slugs,
and nudibranchs. Gastropods
are shell-less or single-shelled
mollusks that move by using a
muscular foot located on the
ventral (lower) side. The
bivalves include clams, oysters,
mussels, and scal- lops. Bivalves
have two shells that are held
together by one of two powerful
muscles.
Cephalopods include octopi,
squids, cuttle- fishes, and
nautiluses. Cephalopods are
typ- ically soft-bodied mollusks
in which the head is attached to
a single foot. The foot is divided
into tentacles. Most cephalopods
have only small internal shells

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Rahmawati Aisyah 2009242 Biology Education B 2020

Mollusks

• What are the defining features of mollusks?

• What is the basic body plan of mollusks?
• What are the characteristics of the three main classes of mollusks?

What Is a Mollusk? (page 701)

1. Mollusks are members of the phylum Mollusca. .
2. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about mollusks.
a. They share similar developmental stages.
b. They usually have an internal or external shell.
c. They are the ancestors of annelids.
d. They are soft-bodied animals.
3. What is a trochophore? Trochophore is a larval stage of mollusks

Form and Function in Mollusks (pages 702–704)

4. What are the four parts of the body plan of most mollusks?
a. Muscular foot c. Shell
b. Mantle d. Visceral mass
5. What forms does the muscular mollusk foot take?
The muscular mollusk foot does forms by flat structures for crawling, spade-shaped
structures for burrowing, and tentacles for capturing prey.
6. The thin layer of tissue that covers most of the mollusk’s body is called the
Mantle. .
7. How is the mollusk shell made?
The mollusk shell made by glands in the mantle that secrete calcium carbonate
(limestone).
8. Snails and slugs feed using a tongue-shaped structure known as a(an) Radula. .
9. What is a siphon?
Siphon is a tube-like structures in which water enters and leaves the body.

10.Why do land snails and slugs typically live only in moist places?
Land snails and slugs typically live only in moist places because they respire using a
mantle cavity that has a large surface area lined with blood vessels, and the lining must
be kept moist so that oxygen can diffuse across its surface.
11.How does an open circulatory system carry blood to all parts of a mollusk’s body?
Open circulatory system carry blood pumped through vessels by a simple heart and the
blood eventually leaves the vessels and works its way through different sinuses to all
parts of a mollusk’s body.
Rahmawati Aisyah 2009242 Biology Education B 2020

12. A large saclike space in the body is called a(an) Sinus .

13. Ammonia is removed from the blood and released out of the body by tube-shaped
Nephridia .
14. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about mollusk response.
a. Clams have a simple nervous system.
b. Octopi and their relatives have the most highly developed
nervous system of all invertebrates.
c. Clams have well-developed brains.
d. Vertebrates are more intelligent than octopi.
15.Where does fertilization take place in tentacled mollusks and certain snails?
Fertilization takes place inside the body of the female.

Groups of Mollusks (pages 705–707)

15. Complete the table about groups of mollusks.

GROUPS OF MOLLUSKS

Class Common Name Description of Shell Examples

Gastropoda Shell-less or single-shelled Pond sanil, sea hares, slug,
Gastropods
nudibranch, limpet.

Bivalvia / Bivalves
Two shells that are held together Scallops, clams, oysters,
Pelecypoda by one or two powerful muscle Mussels.

Cephalopoda Cephalopods
Only small internal shells or no Octopi, squids, cuttlefishes,
shell Nautiluses.

16. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about bivalves.
a. Mussels use sticky threads to attach themselves to rocks.
b. Some bivalves feed on material deposited in sand or mud.
c. Clams move by flapping their shells rapidly when threatened.
d. Scallops sting predators with recycled cnidarian nematocysts.
Rahmawati Aisyah 2009242 Biology Education B 2020

17.How do gastropods move?

Gastropods move by using a muscular foot located on the ventral side or they move
with their stomach.

18. The cephalopod head is attached to a single Foot. .

19. What is a cephalopod’s foot divided into? Tentacles.
20.What allows squids to locate a wide variety of prey?
Squids have large, complex eyes that can distinguish small objects from far away.

21. The only present-day cephalopods with external shells are Nautiluses. .

Ecology of Mollusks (page 708)

22.What allows mollusks to inhabit the extreme environment around deep-sea volcanic
vents? Within the bilvaves around the vents it symbiotic with bacteria that extract
chemical energy from the environment. From that energy, the bacteria produce food
molecules that the mollusks can use by the mollusks living there.

23.Why can careful checks of bivalves warn public health officials of possible health
problems to come? Because filter-feeding bivalves concentrate dangerous pollutants
and microorganisms in their tissues. Therefore, if certain bivalves contain high levels of
pollutants, people are warned not to eat them.
Rahmawati Aisyah 2009242 Biology Education B 2020

Chapter 27 Worms and Mollusks

Vocabulary Review
Crossword Puzzle Use the clues below to fill in the spaces of the puzzle with the correct words.
Across
3. process of asexual reproduction in free-
living flatworms
6. annelid that sucks blood
7. structure in mollusks made of
calcium carbonate
8. mollusk with tentacles
10. organism that has no coelom
12. type of annelid that includes the
earthworm
14. thin layer of tissue that covers most of a
mollusk’s body
15. body cavity only partially lined with
mesoderm
Down
1. soft-bodied invertebrate with an
internal or external shell
2. structure in mollusks that contains the
internal organs
4. marine annelid with appendages
5. fluid-filled body cavity lined with
mesoderm tissue
9. structure used for respiration in
mollusks
11. groups of nerve cells that control the
nervous system in free-living flatworms
13. single-shelled mollusk that moves
using its muscular foot
Rahmawati Aisyah 2009242 Biology Education B 2020

© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall.

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Rahmawati Aisyah 2009242 Biology Education B 2020