Lesson 1.3 Properties and Changes of Matter

For instructional purposes only • 1st Semester SY 2020-2021 1
Lesson 1.3: Properties and Changes of Matter
Lesson Summary
Chemistry is at the heart of many changes we see in the world around us, and it
accounts for the myriad of different properties we see in matter. In this lesson, you
will be able to understand how these properties and changes arise.
Learning Outcomes
1. Differentiate physical from chemical properties, intensive from extensive
properties
2. Describe and give examples of the changes matter undergone
Motivation Question
How do we describe matter?
Discussion
PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Properties of matter can be divided in two ways: Physical properties and
Chemical Properties.
Table 2. Properties of matter
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• Physical properties
- Can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the
substance.
Categories of Physical Properties 1. Extensive Properties

These properties depend on the quantity of the matter present. Some of the
most common types are:
a. Mass – a measurement of the amount of matter in an object.
b. Weight- a measurement of the gravitational force of
attraction of the earth acting on an object.
c. Volume- A measurement of the amount of space a substance
occupies.
d. Length- how long an object is
2. Intensive Properties- are vital because every possible kind of matter possesses
a unique set of intensive properties that distinguishes it from every other kind
of matter. The properties given below don’t depend on the amount of the
matter present.
a. Color b. Odor
c. Malleability - the capacity of a substance to be beaten into
then sheets
d. Ductility - the capacity of a substance to be drawn into thin
wires
e. Conductivity- the capacity of a substance to let the flow of
energy or electricity
f. Hardness – how substances can be scratched without
difficulty.
g. Melting/ freezing point- the temperature at which the solid
and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium at atmospheric
pressure.
h. Boiling point- the temperature at which the vapor pressure
of a liquid is equal to the pressure on the liquid.
i. Density- the mass of a substance divided by its volume.
Density helps determine the use of many different materials.
• Chemical properties
Chemical change to take place. The substance in this case, changes its
identity and composition. Chemical properties of matter depend on how one
substance reacts with other substances. A common chemical property is the
flammability, the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen.
MATTER AND ITS CHANGES

Matter on earth normally exists as a solid, a liquid, or a gas. It can be changed
from one phase to another. There are two types of changes in matter: physical
changes and chemical changes.
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Physical changes
A change in the state of matter without any change in the substance’s chemical
identity, thus no new substance is formed. In a physical change, there is an alteration
of the physical properties of an object. There are no new substances formed because
you can still distinguish its physical property. For example, when the ice melts, several
physical properties change, such as hardness, density, and ability to flow. But the
composition of the sample does not change: it’s still water. All changes in state are
physical changes.
Figure 3. Changes in phases of matter

Chemical changes
Chemical changes are also known as chemical reactions. Matter undergoes chemical
changes when the composition of the substances combines or breaks up. This means
that one substance with a particular set of properties (such as melting point, color,
taste, etc.) is turned into a different substance with different properties. Chemical
changes are frequently harder to reverse than physical change.
One good example of a chemical change is burning paper. In contrast to the act of
burning, the paper results in the formation of new chemicals (carbon dioxide and
water to be exact). Another example of chemical change occurs when water is
formed. Each molecule contains two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
chemically bonded. Rotting, cooking, and rusting are all further types of chemical
changes because they produce substances that are entirely new chemical
compounds. For example, burned woods becomes ash, carbon dioxide, and water.
When exposed to water, iron becomes a mixture of several hydrated iron oxides and
hydroxides. Yeast carries out fermentation to produce alcohol from sugar.
Learning Tasks/Activities
I. Instruction: In going through your day, try to observe the things
around you and describe it in terms of the physical/chemical properties
and the changes it undergoes (physical or chemical change). Record your
observations on a sheet of paper.
II. Direction: In a tabulated form group the following examples in terms
of the properties and changes of matter.
1. Souring of milk 11. Combustibility
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2. 100 grams 12. 30 ˚C

3. rotting of fruits 13. Rusting iron
4. Crumpled paper 14. Reactivity
5. Ability to rust 15. Crushed can
6. Boiling water 16. Formation of precipitate
7. Bleaching clothes 17. Red dress
8. Hard metal 18. Rough surface
9. Flammability 19. Cutting an apple
10. Melting snowman 20. Burning wood
Physical properties Chemical Physical changes Chemical Changes

properties
Assessment
Instruction: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. Which of the following best describes an intensive property of matter?
A. It depends on the amount of the matter present
B. It does not depend on the amount of matter present
C. It depends on how one substance reacts with other substance D. The
substances in this case changes its identity and composition
2. __________ are also known as chemical reactions.
A. Chemical change C. Change in phase
B. Physical change D. Reversible change
3. __________ is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is
equal to the pressure of the liquid.
A. Conductivity C. Boiling point
B. Density D. Ductility
4. The following are examples of chemical properties of matter, except:
A. Flammability C. Reactivity
B. Combustibility D. Malleability
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5. This refers to the property of matter that can be observed without changing
the identity and composition of the substance.
A. Physical property
B. Intensive property
C. Extensive property
D. All of the above.
Instructions on how to submit student output

For those who can access online:
1. Use word document in fulfilling and answering the tasks, activities,
and assessments. Make sure to provide the following information: Full name
(Family name first), Degree program, Year level, Address, and Module No. with
Lesson No.
2. Send the document via Email provided by your instructor.
For those who are offline:
1. Use one whole sheet of paper in fulfilling and answering the tasks, activities,
and assessment. Make sure to provide the following information: Full name
(family name first), Degree program, Year level, Address, and Module No. with
Lesson No.
2. Submit your paper/s to the nearest LGU kiosk for pick-up of the VSU vehicle
or directly at the VSU-Tolosa drop box placed at the campus gate.
Important Note:
* Schedule of submission will be announced.
All online or offline:
Below your answers, write your questions and clarifications about the module and/
or about the Lesson.
Module Posttest
Instructions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. Who is considered the father of modern chemistry?
A. Benjamin Franklin
B. Joseph Louis Proust
C. Anton La Voisier
D. Dmitri Mendeleev
2. Which theory stated that elements are made up of tiny particles
called atom?
A. Dalton’s atomic theory
B. Phlogiston theory
C. VSPER theory
D. Valence bond theory
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3. This branch of chemistry focuses on qualitative and quantitative

methods to analyze properties of matter.
A. Organic Chemistry C. Analytical Chemistry
B. Inorganic Chemistry D. Physical Chemistry
4. Which of the following matter can exist as solid, liquid and gas?
A. Water C. Fire
B. Air D. Soil
5. What do you call a process when a water turns to ice?
A. Melting C. Freezing
B. Boiling D. Vaporization
6. __________ is a gas at a temperature below its critical temperature.
A. Vapor pressure C. Atmospheric pressure
B. Gauge pressure D. Air pressure
7. __________ have some characteristics of metal and some
characteristics of non-metals.
A. Mixture C. Metalloids
B. Compounds D. Pure substance
8. This process occurs because the components of the mixture have
different affinities for the two phases and thus move through the system at
different rates.
A. Distillation C. Decantation B. Filtration D. Chromatography
9. Which of following is an extensive property of matter?
A. Weight C. Odor
B. Color D. Density
10. __________ is the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of
oxygen.
A. Combustibility C. Reactivity
B. Flammability D. Acidity
11. What is that process of turning a solid to gas?
A. Deposition C. Sublimation B. Vaporization D. Condensation
12. Which of the following exhibits a chemical change? A. Breaking a
pencil C. Burning of wood B. Crumpled paper D.
Cutting an apple
13. __________ is the mass of a substance divided by its volume.
A. Weight C. Volume
B. Length D. Density
14. The following are chemical properties of matter except:
A. Acidity
B. Ability to form a precipitate
C. Malleability
D. Flammability
15. Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous mixture?
A. Granite C. Gasoline
B. Maple syrup D. Soft drinks
16. __________ is a gas whose temperature and pressure are greater
than the critical temperature and critical pressure.
A. Vapor pressure
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B. Supercritical fluid
C. Gauge pressure
D. Atmospheric pressure
17. __________ is the highest temperature at which a particular liquid
can exist.
A. Absolute temperature
B. Constant temperature
C. Critical temperature
D. None of the above
18. He developed the orbital theory of chemical bonding and described
atoms using a formula related to the frequencies of spectral lines.
A. James Chadwick
B. Niels Bohr
C. John Dalton
D. Werner Heisenberg
19. He was responsible for the discovery of radioactivity.
A. Wilhelm Roentgen
B. Henri Becquerel
C. Ernest Rutherford
D. Benjamin Franklin
20. He stated that all matter is made up of four elements and matter had
four properties.
A. Aristotle C. Dmitri Mendeleev
B. Democritus D. Benjamin Franklin
References and Additional Resources
BOOKS:
• Petrucci, Bissonnette, Herring, Madura. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern
Applications. Tenth ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458: Pearson Education Inc., 2011.
• Cracolice, Peters. Basics of introductory Chemistry An active Learning Approach. Second ed.
Belmont, CA 94001:Brooks/Cole, 2007.
• Bettelheim, F.A., Brown, W.H., Campbell, M.K., Farrell, S.O., Torres, O.J.
(2013) Introduction to General Organic and Biochemistry, 10th edition.,United States of
America., Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning
• Mcmurry, John., (2013) Organic Chemistry: A Biological Approach, Second Edition., Philippines,
Hiyas Press, Inc.,
• Whitten, K.W., Davis, R.E., Peck, L.M., Stanley, G.G., (2004) General Chemistry, Seventh Edition.,
United States of America., Thompson Learning, Inc.
INTERNET LINKS AND IMAGE SOURCES:

• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/physical-and-
chemicalproperties-of-matter/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_chemistry
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/cheminter/chapter/events-in-chemistry-history/
• https://www.sutori.com/story/timeline-history-of-chemistry--D9rK8DFWuFvTZd77LM4KCx9s
• https://sciencenotes.org/branches-of-chemistry/
• https://www.thoughtco.com/the-5-branches-of-chemistry-603911
• https://chemistrygod.com/chemistry-and-its-branches
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• https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Map%3A_Introductory_Che
mis try_(Tro)/03%3A_Matter_and_Energy/3.04%3A_Classifying_Matter_According_to_Its_Compositio
n#:~:text=Summary-
,Matter%20can%20be%20classified%20into%20two%20broad%20categories%3A%20pure%20su
bstances,more%20elements%20and%2For%20compounds.
• http://aprilmaynjune.weebly.com/nat-sci-1/matter-classification-properties-and-changes
• https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Properties_of_Matter/Basic_Properties_of
_Ma
tter
Answers to the Pretest
1. C 11. D
2. B 12. B
3. C 13. C
4. C 14. D
5. A 15. B
6. B 16. D 7. D 17. C 8. A
18. A
9. B 19. A
10. B 20. B
Answer to the Posttest

1. C 6. A 11. C 16. B
2. A 7. C 12.C 17. C
3. C 8. D 13. D 18. D
4. A 9. A 14. C 19. B
5. C 10. B 15. A 20. A
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Lesson 1.3 Properties and Changes of Matter

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For instructional purposes only • 1st Semester SY 2020-2021 1

Lesson 1.3: Properties and Changes of Matter

Table 2. Properties of matter

Categories of Physical Properties 1. Extensive Properties

MATTER AND ITS CHANGES

Figure 3. Changes in phases of matter

2. 100 grams 12. 30 ˚C

Physical properties Chemical Physical changes Chemical Changes

Instructions on how to submit student output

Instructions: Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

3. This branch of chemistry focuses on qualitative and quantitative

References and Additional Resources

INTERNET LINKS AND IMAGE SOURCES:

Answers to the Pretest

Answer to the Posttest

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