Pere Von (isi auc soy te sees ‘this house was bult in 1951 Was built is passive ‘compare active and passive 06 ute 1. (actin rnd object subject i built in 196 (passive) | | oo —! When we use an active verb, we say what the subject does: (O) My grandfather was.a builder. He built this house in 1961. Oita big company. It employs two hundred people. ‘When we use a passive verb, we say what happensto the subject: (© ‘How oldis thishouse?" ‘It was builtin 1961. © Two hundred people are employed by the company. ‘When we use the passive, who or what causes the action is often unknown or unimportant: a) Alot of money was stoten inthe robbery. (somebody stole it, ut we don't know who) © Isthis room cleaned every day? (does somebody clean it? ~ it's not important win) If we want to say who does or what causes the action, we use by: © Thishouse was buit by my grandfather. © Two hundred people are employed by the company. The passive isbe (is/was etc) + post participle done/cleaned/seen etc): (be) done (be) cleaned (be) damaged (be) built (be) seen ete For irregular past participles (done/seen/known etc), see Appendix Study the active and passive forms of the present simple and past simple: Present simple active — clean(s) / see(s) etc Somebody cleans {tht every day, passive amvislare + cleaned/seen et [FREFOG scleaned every dy. Many accidents are caused by careless ¢riving O rmnot invited to partes very often, © How is this word pronounced? Past simple active cleaned/saw etc Somebody cleaned EETGRA] yeste>y passive was/were + cleaned/seen etc was cleaned yesterday. © We were woken up by aloud noise during the night. Q ‘Didyou goto the party?" No, | wasn’t invited How much money was stolen in the robbery? Passive 43-44 By} Unie 28u 7A Exercises Complete the sentences using one ofthese verbs in the correct form, present or past “cause damage hold invite make overtake show surround translate __write 1 Many accidents are caused by dangerous driving 2 Cheese from mil 3 The roof ofthe building ina storm a fen days 260 4 You tothe wedding, Why didn't you 20? 5. Acinemais a place where ims every four years 6 Inthe United States, elections for president 7 Originally the book in Spanish, and afew years ago it into English 8 Although we were driving fast, we by alot of other cars. 9 You can’t see the house from the road. It ie. GB write uessons using re pass 1 Ask aout glass. (how /rake?) 2 ak eboat eleison. (aren invent?) 5 sk eboot mounts. (how /frm?) 4 pokabeut anos (when/85coe?) $ Astabout iver (whet seer?) GB rst erever nto carat presen snl ops snl sti or pai tea bigtoory. Fe unde people are employed. employ) tere eee can comedy / ea) thisroom yesterday? ‘Some are present and some are past How is glass made? 2 3 Water {cover) most ofthe earths surface. 4 How much ofthe earth’ surface (cover) by water? 5. The park gates (lock) at 6.30 pm. every evening. 6 Theletter (send) a week ago and it (arive) yesterday, 7 The boat hit arock and {sink) quickly. Fortunately everybody (cescue) 8 Robert's parents (die) when he was very young. He and his sister (bring up) by their grandparents ‘9 Lwas born in London, but | {grow up) in Canada, 10. While ! was on holiday, my camera (cteal) from my hotel room. 111 While [was on holiday, my camera (disappear) from my hotel room. 12 Why (Sue / resign) from her job? Didn't she enjoy it? 13 Why [en / fr) from his job? Did he do something wrong? (own) by a much larger company. 14 The company is not independent. 45 sawan accident last night. Somebody {injure), s0 the ambulance (call) an ambulance but nobody (not / need). 16 Where (these pictures / take)? In London? (you / take) them, or somebody else? 17 Sometimes it's quite noisy living here, but it's nota problem for me— 1 (not / bother) by it ewe these sentences sted of sng somebody, they, people et, write apasive ener vermebdy eae the room evey day. Tre rom is. cleaned oxery day 4) Feleanceted apts oecuseafog, Al 5 people con seh rod mach 4 Somebody accused meet steatng money. 1 $ Rowdopeoseleolmgueges? How 6 people woreda og out one 85Study the following active and passive forms: Ny ~ Infinitive active (to) do/clean/see etc. somebody will clean RR. passive (to) be + done/cleaned/seen etc (RIRIGHA will be cleaned inter ‘The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late. ‘A mystery is something that can't be explained. “The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way away. ‘Anew supermarket is going to be built next year Please go away. | want to be left alone. ooo00 Perfect infinitive active (to) have + done/cleaned/seen etc. ‘Somebody should have cleaned thereon passive (to) have been + done/cleaned/seen etc [ERBIEET should have been cleaned OI should have received the letter by now. It might have been sent fo the wrong address © Ifyou had locked the car, it wouldn't have been stolen. 1D There were some problems at firs, but they seem to have been solved Present perfect active _have/has + done etc. ‘The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned ll passive have/has been + done etc. The room looks nice fj has been cleaned. © Have you heard? The trip has been cancelled Have you ever been bitten by a dog? © ‘re you going to the party?" 'No, | haven't been invited. Past perfect ‘active had + done etc. The room looked nice. Somebody had cleaned il passive had been + done etc ‘The room looked nice ij had been cleaned. O. The vegetables didn't taste good. They had been cooked too long. © The car was three years old, but hadn’t been used very much, Present continuous ‘active am/is/are + (do)ing Somebody is cleaning “the oom at the moment passive am/is/are + being (done) [FRRIBRH is being cleaned atthe moment © There's somebody walking behind us. | think we are being followed O (inashop) ‘Cant help you?’ ‘No, thanks. I'm being served.’ AE) Past continuous: active was/were + (do)ing Somebody was: cleaning SOR) when | arrived: passive was/were + being (done) [R168 was being cleaned when | arrived © There was somebody walking behind us. | think we were beifg followed.Exercises Se What do these words mean? Use it can ... orit can't ... Use a dictionary if necessary. I something is 1 washable, it can be washed. 4 unusable, 2 unbreakable, it 5 invisible 3 edit 6 portable, GBD corp these sentences with theotoningvers the conc for) ee Sometimes you need have (might have, should have etc). The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late | should have received the letter by now. It ight have been sent tothe wrong address until the next meeting ‘on education? along time ago 1 2 3 Acdecision will not 4 Do you think that more money should 5 This road is in very bad condition. It should 6 The injured man couldn't walk and had to T [told the hotel receptionist | wanted to @ If you hadn't pushed the policeman, you woulda't 9 Its not certain how the fir started, but it might byan electrical fault a 630 the next morning Rewrite these sentences. Instead of using somebody or they etc, write a passive sentence, 1 Somebody has cleaned the room. ‘The room has been cleaned. 2 Somebody is using the computer right now. The computer 3 | didn't realise that somebody was recording our {didnt realise that 4 When we got to the stadium, we fo ‘When we got to the stadium, we found that 5. They are building a new ring road round the ity ‘conversation. yund that they had cancelled the game. 6 They have built @ new hospital near the aitport CB) oe sentences from the words in brackets, Sometimes the verb SEN soetine psi ae were Beng follow 1 There's somebody behind us. (Ithnk/we follow) | toa Foe ee es Gybl/ poke | aula i Saas a DONAAMLTS 3 My carhas disappeared. (it/ steal) I 4 Myumbrela has disappeared. (somebody /take) Somebody 5 Sam gets higher salary now. (he /promote) He 6 Anmeantuseher office this week. (t/ redecorate) IE 7 ‘There was a problem with the photocopier yesterday, but now tS 8 Sean. repi) (it / work) tt ‘aw that the table and chairs were no! 8 When went into the room, 53 (the furniture move). The neighbour of mine disappeared six mont! He 10 1 wonder how Jane is these days. (1/not /¢ 1 in the same place fis ago. (he /not/ see /since then) for 2685) 11 Ariend of mine was mugged on his way home a few nights 20 (you / ever / mug?) ‘ddionol exercises 22-24 (pages 314-15) 87was offered... / we were given. et objects. For example, give ‘Somebody gave the police the information objet object? ‘Some verbs can have two (somebody gave the information to th oly So itis possible to make two passive sentences: ) The police were given the information. or “The information was given to the police. ‘Other verbs which can have two objects are ‘ask offer pay show teach _— tell \When we use these verbs in the passive, most often we begin with the person we been offered the job, but don't think accept it (= they have offered me the jos 5 You will be given plenty of time to decide. (= we will give you plenty of time) © Ididn't see the orginal document but ! was shown a copy. (= somebody showed me) © Timhas an easy job —he's paid a lot of money to do very little. (= they pay him alot) active | don't like people telling me what to do, passive | don't like being told what to do, O Iremember being taken to the z00 when I was a child (I remember somebody taking me to the 200) O Steve hates being kept waiting, (=he hates people keeping him waiting) © We managed to climb over the wall without being seen. without anybody seeing us) Iwas born We say Iwas bor "(not am born) © was born in Chicago CO Where were you born? (not Where are you born?) | pas but ©. How many babies are born every day? present Get You can use get instead of be in the passive: oO ‘There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt. (= ody was hurt) oe y got hurt. ( Units 42-43Exercises 1 They did't gee then | naan gen the ira 2 Mey ated sored uc 3 Amy’ colleagues gave amy 4 Nobody tld me Iwas 5. How uch wl they py your How much wll you a 6 think they shuld hay | ink Tor 7 Has anybody shown you what odor Have you Me aa Complete the sentences using being + the fllowing verbs sive invite seep | needed atthe interview her a present when she retired about the meeting 2 offered Tom the job, (in the correct form): knockdown stick treat 1 Steve hates being kept ait 2 Wewent to the pany without 3 I ike giving presents and! also like 4 tesa busy eadandl drt ogi. mataid 5 I'man adult. | don’t like : we 6 You can't do anything about them ike achild inatratfic jam When were they born? Choose five of these people and write a sentence for each. (Two of them were born in the same year) Ludwig van Beethoven Mahatma Gandhi Elvis Presley 145218691935, Wall Dismey- Michael jackson William Shakespeare «156419011958 Galileo Martin Luther King Leonardo da Vinei 1770 1929 1 Walt Disney was born in 1901 2 3 ZI 5 * 6 7 Andyou? 1 I) complete the sentences using get/gt + the following vebs in the correc for): ask damage hurt. pay steal sting stop use 11 There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt. 2 Alex bya bee while he was sitting in the garden. 3 These tennis courts don’t very often, Not many people want to play. 4 Lused to have a bicycle, but it 2 few months ago, 5. Rachel works hard but doesn't very much, 6 Last night | by the police as | was driving home. One ofthe lights fon my car wasn't working, 7 Please pack these things very carefully. | don't want them to '8 People often want to know what iy jobs. 1 that question aot. + Additional exercises 22-24 (pages 314-15) 89