Sheffield 

is a city and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England. The name derives from

the River Sheaf which runs through the city. It is a historic part of Yorkshire, although some southern
suburbs have been annexed from Derbyshire.
The city is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines, and the valleys of the River Don and its four
tributaries, the Loxley, the Porter Brook, the Rivelin and the Sheaf. Sixty-one per cent of Sheffield's
entire area is green space, and a third of the city lies within the Peak District national park.[3] There
are more than 250 parks, woodlands and gardens in the city,[3] which is estimated to contain around
4.5 million trees.[4]
Sheffield played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution, with many significant inventions and
technologies having developed in the city. In the 19th century, the city saw a huge expansion of its
traditional cutlery trade, when stainless steel and crucible steel were developed locally, fuelling an
almost tenfold increase in the population. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming
the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in these
industries in the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area. The
Yorkshire ridings became counties in their own right in 1889, the West Riding of Yorkshire county
was disbanded in 1974. The city then became part of the South Yorkshire county, this has been
made up of separately governed unitary authorities since 1986.
The 21st century has seen extensive redevelopment in Sheffield, along with other British cities.
Sheffield's gross value added (GVA) has increased by 60% since 1997, standing at £11.3 billion in
2015. The economy has experienced steady growth averaging around 5% annually, greater than that
of the broader region of Yorkshire and the Humber.[5]
The city has a long sporting heritage, and is home both to the world's oldest football club, Sheffield
F.C.,[6] and the world's oldest football ground, Sandygate. Matches between the two professional
clubs, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday, are known as the Steel City derby. The city is also
home to the World Snooker Championship, and the Sheffield Steelers, the UK's first professional ice
hockey team.
Sheffield had a population of 518,090 in the 2011 census, making it the second largest city in
the Yorkshire and The Humber region. The Sheffield Built-up Area, of which the Sheffield sub-
division is the largest part, had a population of 685,369 also including the town of Rotherham.
The district borough, governed from the city, had a population of 584,853 at the mid-2019 estimate,
making it the 3rd most populous district in England. It is one of eleven English cities that make up
the Core Cities Group