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cable
By:
Dr. N Suresh,
NIE, Mysore
Let us consider the equilibrium of a small length ‘ds’ of the cable shown in figure.
Let the cable be subjected to UDL of intensity W over horizontal span figure shows
tension and horizontal, vertical reactions in the part of the cable we have.
D
C
W kN/m
VD = v + dv T+d
φ + 2φ
HD = H
ds
dy
H = HC = TCos φ φ
C φ dx
T
V = VC = TSin φ
H = T Cos φ
V = T Sin φ
H
∴T = = H Sec φ
Cos φ
V T Sin φ
= = tan φ
H T Cos φ
V = H tan φ
Let us consider the equilibrium of the part of the cable shown in fig.
We have.
FY = 0
(V + dv) – V – W x dx = 0
dv = wdx
d[Htanφ]
=W
dx
Let us consider a cable of span L and max sag H subjected to UDL of intensity
2
dy W
‘W’ as shown in fig. From general equation we have 2
=
dx H
y
A L B
h
x
W
dy W
Integrating with respect to x we have = . x + c1
dx H
dy
We have at X = 0 =0
dx
W
Substituting 0 = . 0 + C1
H
C1 = 0
dy W
∴ = .x
dx H
W X2
Integrating with respect to x we get Y= . + C2
H 2
We have at X=0 Y=0
∴0 = 0 + C 2
C 2 =0
Substituting h = .
H 2
W 2
H=
8h
W X2
We have Y = .
w 2 2
8h
4h
Y = 2 x2
L
If A is considered as the origin then
4hx
Y= (L − x)
L2
To fin the tension at any point on the cable:
Tension at any point
T = H Sec φ
=H Sec 2 φ
=H 1 + tan 2 φ
2
dy
T=H 1+
dx
To derive an expression for cable profile when it is subjected to horizontal UDL
and supports are at different levels:
General equation for cable profile is
2
dy W
2
=
dx H
a
L1
b
x
O w
L1
WL2
H=
(
2 b+ a+b )
2
T=H 1 + tan 2 φ
2
dy
= H 1+ φ
dx
2
wx
T = H 1+
H
wx 2
Y=
2H
dy 2 wx
=
dx 2H
To derive an expression for length of the parabolic cable profile when the
supports are at the same level
ds
dy
dx
We have ds = dx 2 + dy 2
2
dx
Ds = dx 1 +
dy
A a
L1
b
c
LC = Length of cable
Between A & C + Length of cable between C&B
1) A cable suspends across a gap of 250m and carries UDL of 5kN/m horizontally
calculate the maximum tensions if the maximum sag is 1/25th of the span. Also calculate
the sag at 50m from left end.
A 250 m B
1
h= x 250
25
= 10 m
5 kN/m
We have
dy
2
T=H 1+
dx
4hx
We have Y= (L − x ) [x measured from A]
L2
4 ×10 × 50
Y= (250 − 50)
250 2
Y = 6.4m
2) Determine the length of the cable and max tension developed if the cable supports a
load of 2kN/m on a horizontal span of 300m. The maximum sag is 25m
A 300 m B
25
2 kN/m
WL2
H=
8h
2 × 300 2
8 × 25
H = 900kN
2
dy
T = H 1+
dx
4hx
Y = 2 [L − x ] [X from A]
L
dy 4h
Y= = [L − 2 x ]
dx L2
Tension is maximum at the supports i.e., at x = 0
dy 4 × 25
= (300 − 2× 0)
dx 300 2
300 +
3 × 300
L C = 305.55m
3) Determine the maximum span for a mild steel cable between supports at the same
level if the central dip. is 1/10th of the span and permissible stress in steel is 150 N/mm2.
Steel weighs 78.6 kN/m3. Assume the cable to hang in a parabola.
Here the weight of the cable itself is acting as UDL on the cable. We have SP
Wieght
weight =
Volume
A
L
Weight = Specific Weight x Volume
= Specific Weight x Area x Length
Weight
= Specific Weight x Area
Length
kN
W = 78.6 × Am 2
m 3
kN
78.6 A
m
WL2
We have H=
8h
78.6A × L2
1
8× × L
10
H = 98.25 LA
Tmax = 105.81AL
Tmax
= 105.81L
A
Fmax =105.81 L
N
Fmax =150
mm 2
= 150MPa
kN
=150 ×10 3
m2
150 ×10 3 = 105.81 L
L = 1417.63m