• By using a rigid tube with a series of relay lenses

• By using a tube (normally flexible but also rigid) with a bundle of optical fibers
• By using a tube (normally flexible) with wiring that carries the image signal from a charge-coupled
device (CCD) imaging sensor at the distal tip

These three basic tube designs can have either fixed or adjustable focusing of the objective lens at the distal tip. The distal
tip also has prisms and mirrors that define the direction and field of view (see Fig. 2). These views vary according to the
type and application of borescope. The design of illumination system also varies with the type of borescope. Generally, a
fiber optic light guide and a lamp producing white light is used in the illumination system, although ultraviolet light can
be used to inspect surfaces treated with liquid fluorescent penetrants. Light-emitting diodes at the distal tip are sometimes
used for illumination in videoscopes with working lengths greater than 15 m (50 ft).