Det eanTTT Gy CoRR eee Te DSO We NIU A)THY NHAT GIANG NGUYEN HANH HOA AM TRUYEN THONG TU THO! C6 BIEN DEN THOI HIEN DAI * HOP AM THUAN. * HOP AM NGHICH. * HOP AM BIEN HOA. * vol TREN 500 Vi DY BUGC TRICH TU NHIEU TAC PHAM CUA CAC NHAC Si LUNG DANH MQI THO! BAI. * NHIEU BAI TAP UNG DUNG PHONG PHU. NHA XUAT BAN TREHoa am truyén théng 1 CHUGNG 1 sos a NHUNG DIEM CAN THIET VE QUANG va AM GIAI Mue dich eiia chuomg nay chi Ri: On Jai nhimg diém can thiét, theme gap ve Ciing e6 nhimg kien thie phian hoa am. Vi vay, vide ching ta van phai rin Nhae Php Can Ban. g-va thang am. 6, bd sung nhimg ditu meri ve quaing va thang dé chudn bj va0 m ving phan ly thuyét vé qudng va am giai rong chuong A. QUANG (Interval) Quang duve coi B don yj cia bse am. |. TINH CHAT CUA QUANG: Li Quang Trudng (Major interval) Quang ‘Tring viet tit [a M hay ‘Tr. Vidu 9.3 M= 9.3 Tr= quing ‘Traimg. 1.L.1 Phuong phip | “Cie quing 2, 3, 6,7 due goi la quing Trung can ett theo so cung vi bin cung cia ching: + quiag 2 Trang gom cd: 1 eung + yuing 3 Trang gi cd: 2 cung + yung 6 Trung gin od > 4 cung va} hein cung dj + quing 7 Tring gim o> S cung va I ban cung di 1.1.2 Phuong phap 7 “Cie quiing 2, 3, 6, 7 duoc thinh lip trén not Do goi ld quang Truving.* Nhu vay, vi du khi clin xét xem quing Fa - Re# e6 phai Ia quing ‘Truimg khong, ching ta Jam Huh sa Tir Va dén Re c6 6 120 ndi, vay day 1a quang 6. Vir Do den La eding 1 quang 6, hen néa theo dink nghia tren, né sé L& quang 6 Truimg(vi duce thinh Lip 1rén u6t Do). Xt quing Do La ta thay c6 4 cung va 1 ban cung di Vay tir Pat ta tinh dn len ahr sau: baw - s béncungdi Leung leung—‘eung——leung + Kel luan: quing lai - Ro# a quaing 6 Truing vi dong dang (ciing s6 cung) vei De -La,2 Hoa am truyén thong Lai diém oda phurmg phip 2 chring ta khing can phai nhéi thude long si cung, ban cung nur phuemg, phip | ma chi véi su suy lun, irphutng phap 2, ta c6 thé suy ra le ing tinh chal ruémg eta Quang. 1.1.3 Phuong phap 3 “Thanh lip am giai Teudng mang tén not dui cia quing. Név not trén cia quang tring voi cic nét céw dm giai dy thi ta 6 ce quang truing voi ede quang 2, 3, 6, 7." Midu 1: ‘Thang dea (Ub MD 2 4.3% qéir qa? g4P 45D 48D (N6t dudi cia quing dang xét [A Mib, ta thanh lap am giai Mi gidng Truémg (EbM) Cae nét én: Fa, Sol, Do, Re deu mim trong am giai EbM va tao nén ede quang 2 Tr, ¥Tr, 6Tr, 711.) Loi didm eiia phuumg phap nay la nhanh hon cée phuong phép tren; tuy nhicn chting ta phai quen céch thanh lap am gia. 1.2, Quang This (Minor interval}: Quang th viel tt 18 (m) hay (0. Vi du g.3m =. = quing 3 thie 1.2.1 Phuong phép | “Cic quing 2, 3, 6, 7 duge gol ld quing thi cin ci thea sé’ cung va bin cung ctia ching. Quiing Thi ft hon quang Trudng mot ban cung. 1.2.2 Phuumg phap 2 “Cite quiing 2, 3, 6, 7 duoc think lip trén adit Mi goi ta quang Thi. Midu2: $e & = +E = = = i | 7 cling la 4 6t vi od q2 tht 1) q3@ q 6t qi7t sf aang bang, quing mi-do 1.2.3 Phuong phip 3 Xen tai phan £.1.3. “Cite quiing nhé hon quing trudng 1/2 cung goi la quang Thi." 1.3. Quang Ping (perfect interval) Khding viet tat hoge vist tat 1 1). Vi dy 4.4 hay q.4 hay quing 4 ding 1.3.1 Phuong php 1 “Cie quiing 4, 5, 8 duve gui la quiing Dung khi c6 ede si’cung va bin cung nbur sau: + quing 4 Ding gi cd: 2 cung vi } ban cong di + quang 5 Ping gm ob: 3 cung va 1 ba cung dj + quing 8 Ding gom ob > S cung va 2 bin cung dj 1.3.2 Phuong phap 2 “Cie quing 4, 8, 8 da dugc thanh lip trén not Do hay not mi déu la quang Pung.Hda fm truyén thong 3 3 Phuong phap 3 Xem lai phiin 1.1.3. “Néu not trén cia quang trong vi cic nét cia ém giai dy thi ta cé cde quang Pung voi cic quiing 4, 5, 8 (xem vidu 1) 1.4 Quang Tang (Augmented interval) “Quiing tin hon quiug Dung hay ining mét bin cung dng duce goi la quing Tang.” 1.8 Quang Giim (Diminished interval) “(Quang nao nbs hon quiing thi hay quang ding moe ban cong dong, due goi Bi quang Gin." II. QUANG THUAN- QUANG NGHICH: ILI. Quang thuan (consonant interval) + Quing 5, 8 dimg va quang dong nhdt poi lk dhudn hoan toan, + Quing 3, 6 trutmg hay th goi la drag Khong hodn ton, + Quang 4 ding due coi dude khi cd | qu’ing 3 hay quing 5 ding ds \6 (xen vd.3) 11.2. Quang Nghich (dissonant interval) + Clic quing 2, 7, 9 tnaimy hay thir va cde quing (ang va gid déu 1a gading nghich. + Quing 4 Uang duge coi Ia nghjch khi khong co am nao & dudi am cuéi cing cba quang (vd.3). Vidu 3: a4 nghich a4 thuén IL. SU_ DAO QUANG: Chang (a tom tat vi 1c qung bing se dd sau: 4. 5 Ding (Tang) 4.2 ThE (Tring) Sg. 6 Trudng Tain 4.2 Tha (Tring) 4 7 Trudng (Thay 4. 4 Bring (Giim) Cich dp dung (1) Vidy. + quing 3 fring do thanh quing 6 die + quing 5 dking dio thanh quing 4 dung + quing 5 sang dio thanh quing 4 gia (2) So'chi ede quang cong véi s6 chi cdc quing dio cia ching bing 9,4 Haa 4m truyén thong Iv. SAC THAI CUA QUAN Dua vio kinh nghiém sang td thai eda ede quang nhu sau’ eda cv mhge str Gn boi, ching ta ef thé tam aban xét ve sie IV.1, Quang 2 IV.1.1 Quing 2 Truvmg ca digu + Qung 2 Tracing [a quing dong cung vai q + Quang 2M ea dicu lao cim gide Vidya: Gloria in Lixeleis Dex ang 3 gid. ju dang, déu dan, phang Jang. 1V.1.2 Quing 2 Vhi cy di¢u Quing 2 thir ea digu tao cam gide buidn ba, de ndo, dy mj. Tirthdi ky King man, ede nhac si nbw Wagner (813-1883) ed Khuyah hudng sit dung niu quiing 2 (hit lién ti¢p tan nen he thing han cung. ViduS: BRAIMS “Cone jo Nr 2 1V.1.3 Quing 2 sini hoa dieu (Quang 2thhénbigu nghich tinh bear quiing 2 tratmg. Suu nay, khi dé vp ve Hoa Ann the ky 20, chung ta sé ‘sap cich iting nbiéu guding 2 thu hoa digu theo uhaw goi la Ay dh phe nat ding ct 1V.2. Quang 7 Quing 7 do quiing 2 nghich dée thanh (nu Nem fai IVa 121 Quins 7c vicu la ide bang khucng, choi vei; didu ngher ngdo, choi v Vidue ta cing ed thé ui, nd xudt phic te quin fam trang aww xuyén. Doi vei quiing 7 Trung, cam ic iy C6 thé thot duoc, nium déi voi quang 7 the thi nhu be tie V2.2 Quang 7 hoa dicu, Quang 7 hoa digu di nghieh (inh how quang 2 1V.3. Quang 3 Va 6 the noi rang ning quing ke dew duoc suy ra tir quing 3. "Hoa am" ma ching ta sip Khao sat sau day dd due xay dumg tir lau dai tren cor sé quaing 3. TV.3.1 Quing 3 Inning ca digu : ‘Yaw cm gide ahi ahinh, tung’tang, vai Luci, trong s ng.Hada am truyén thong 5 Vidu7: — BEETHOVEN- * Leonyre Ouverture Ne. 23 op. 72a A 1V.3.2 Quing 3 Thérca digu Quang 3 thit tao cim gide bubn, 163. Vidu 8: BEETHOVEN “Symphony Ne, 5, Cm 1V.3.3 Quang 3 Toa Di + Tao ra manh lye hda am manh nba. Thicty din bung sé gdm dan nhu sau: quang 3 trutmg > qudng Tthir> quing 2 the > quang 7 uuemg —. (theo sip xép'eda Pau) HINDEMIT1) + Quing 8 ding khong c6 manh hye hoa am. + Quing 4 tang, 5 m rat i minh lye hoa am. IVA. Quang 6 Quang 6 duye xem 1 dao cia quang 3, 1 Quing 6 Trung Quing 6 treme tic dung nhu quing 3, dién 13 tinh cam au yéin, sding. 1V.4.2 Quing 6 thi Quing 6 thi tao cam gide ém, du yen, tinh cim hon 61 Vide; [ERANCIS LAL - “Lowe story“ We 1V.5. Quang 4 Ping Quang 4 dung 1 quing dong cung vii qudng 3 tan Quang 4 Ping ca dicu ‘Tao cim gide uy nghi, hing (rang, manh me, 1V.5.2 Quang 4 Ping Hoda Digu Fa ai nhung khong ving. Quang 4 cang 6 am vue trim nghe cing vig, cang cao cng din. Khi ding phai ¢6 chuin bi va giai quyé (theo quan nigm hoa am ¢6 dién), Iv. 1V.6. Quang § Pung Quing 5 ding 1 lio ctia quaing 4 ding. 1V.6.1 Quang 5 ca dieu (yo can gide tuoi sing, ne evi, vang doi. Néu a quang 5 gid ida 10: BRAIIMS. * Seyteito ~ 16 tao ve ly md, WEL,6 Hoda 4m truyén théng B. AM GIAI (Scale) 1. PHAN BIET GIUA AM GIAL- AM THUC - AM THE (Seate - Mode - Tonality): 1. Am giai (Seale) Am giai li chu: » Khe chy va ket tie bang mgt not vib mang t6n not dy. "rong, ay giai, cde nGt n6i tip nhau thee chuyén hanh lien (conjunct motion) 1.2. Am thie (Made) Aum thiie fi hinh thie, su qui dinh ve 86 dm vi khosing eich gitta ee not cin 1 dm pias dé tao nén tinh chat ridng bic, Nhge Hy Lap 6 va Nhe Binh Ca ¢6 8 am thie, Nhge Au Chau c6 dign 6 shut Trudmg vi’ Thi. Moi dan thie fai chia ra Jam di thie ty nhién v8 ahaa tao, 1.3. Am thé (Fonality) am thie & An Am thé ta sir lién hé gittu cic n6t trong dm giai viii mot nét dua: chon lam trung tdi goi fa chee tim (ionic), Su lin hé do am thie quy din. ‘Vrong am thé, cde nt nai Liép nhau theo chuyén hanh fién bi Glixgjunnet motion) iim tai. khi asi the c hode chuyén hanh each bac Pruning, Mai, ta hide dé 18 264 tinh chit ting quit cia am thite. Bem ohiding tah chat nay dip dang cho not nao thi ta ed cong hay avn thé cia not dé. Néu dein tinh chat trén dip dung che mot chudi 8 a0 sip xép litn bi im gial éruning hay hf many tén not ding di. CAC LOALAM GIALTHONG DUNG “Thee ra od rat nhicu am giai khde nhau, «day ching 1a dé cap dén 3 foai am giai chinh, am nen king cia am nhac vit cdeh rigny mon Hoa dm ehiing ta dang khao sat. ILL. Am giai Truimg (major Scale) TL1.1 Au giai ‘Hrng te nbign (natural major scale) Vidu Lt: Ién xudnig, CCM) Pon WI ¥ voy vat ‘Teong dé, cae bae 66 1én goi nhu sau : I Cha am (Fonie) 1 ‘Thuung chi am (Supertonic) uu Trung am (Media) IV Ha at am (Subdominant) Vv At am (Dominant) VE Thuimy dt am (Superdoninant) vil Cam am (Leading-tone) VII Chit im (Supertonie) 111.2 Am giai Trang nhin tue (artificial major scale) UA1.2.1 ‘Trong chuyén dong xuding, act bie VII gidm uita cung, dé céch not bac VITT 1 eung, né khong con vai (rd cim am nur trong chuyén dong len. Vidu 12 (SS eS com) *Hoa am truyén thong 7 11.1.2.2 Bae V1 bi gidm nia cung. Khong thay déi trong hai chuyén dng [én va xudng. Vidu 13: cco vl TL1.2.3 bac IV duge tang mi cung. Khéng thay déi trong hai chuyén dong [én va xudag Vidu 1 COM) woe thi (Minor Scale) 11.2.1 Am giai titty ahign (Natural minor Seale) Vi du 15: (Om) W2.2 Am giaithitnhan tao (Artificial minor Scale) 1.2.2.1 Am giai the nhan tao ca dieu (melodie nuinor scale) Vrong am giai the nhaa to ca digu, ndt hae VI vas VIL tang 1/2 eng ong chy ‘Vrong chuyén dong xuéng, ca hai not dy Iai gidmn tree Ve 12 cung, nding len, Vi du tA: ab ie = SSS i ——— (em) Law ¥: “Trong chunyéu dong xudng, am VIE khong cin vai tr cin) am (nghia la khéng cin exch chi ann (bie VII) nia cang 2 Am giai thi nbn tao hoa ditu (hannonic minor se: ‘Vrong im giai thet uhan fan hoa iu, ndt hic VIL tang 1/2 cung dit trong ebuyén déng len hay xudug. vi clu 17: Du mue' Trong am giai thir du muc, nét bae TV tang 1/2 cung, nd bie VIL ang 1/2 cing, ‘Am giai thir du muc con goi ia Gm giai thet Hungary hay Am giai thi Bohéinien.8 Hoa 4m truyén thong Vidu Ik: = (Cm) TW VIE VIL W 1.3. Am giai dong chuyén (Chromatic seale} Am giai nay gm abimg ban cung dong, rit quan trong, (ign Iyi cho vie ehuyén thé. idu 19: 1 nom vo Won vnHoa am truyén théng 9 BAI TAP VE CHUONG 1 ching 1a te Kin then. Cining khong phiti deve gia tang len cho 165i Khichiing. ta tune sat 9, Cie bit tip due cho trong tip séch nay 05 mye dich lin mau hoge nur nising de nghi dé hing bai thue tip hod thign, Nhiug bii tip nay phi ndin sdu xa vad dé trong mdi chuong. Goi (an ede yuaing sau day: Voi not Fa thang (Fa) Jam ad hén divi, hay tao thank wie quiing: 3 thé, 6 ang, 5 gidm, 4 dang, aang, 7 rudmg, 9 the, 5 tang. Vai nét Re gidug (reb) lam néit ben tren, hay tao cde quay tang, $ ding, 6 thn, 3 gi i 5 gid, 9 unsimg, 7 gid, 2 this, 4 i. vi cae img ducng dong am via ede quaing trong Cée 6 nhip duit day thude ve thang im nie? Hay think ip mot thang dim truémg vii not Do thang iam bac 6 Nay thank kip mor thang am thir ca digu di xudug véi ndt Re 1h cht am. Viel va go (én ede qung ughich duce hink think git chi am va ese am khse tong thang am EM (Mi Trutng). Wel va goi ten ede quing thugu duve hinh thank gidta dim bie 3 vi cae am khie trong thang am Si siding the hea dieu BAI TAP LAM THEM en ci quing duii day10 Hoa am truyén théng 2, Véi mdi quang dudi day, hy x4c dinh thang am 6 chia cd 2 ndt cia quang. thang am cho mdi quang, thay hen mot 3. ‘Trong méi phn 4 adit dui day, hdy xc dinh thang am no chita ci 4 a) &) oy ’” 2Hoa am truyén thong 11 CHUONG 2 . DAI CUONG VE HGP AM 3 NOT 4 NOT vA 5 NOT 1. PHAN LOAI HOP AM BA NOT (Triad) Hop am ba Vidy Gt gom ce loai sau: c Cm Cai cH Csust Cust Tink chét: = val budn mdng manh ering od/ Hy hi€ukbde:C M e C3 fC C+5 7 C aug Bing {4m th ede hop Am 3 n6t duye thdnh Lap tren am gia trusg ty nhien va thir hoa digu hus sau: ug th Logi Hop Am im Giai Trung im Giai The Truong baci, WV, Vv bac V, VI THU HAIL, Vi LW lil Vil UL Vil Ap dung bing t6m tt tén day dé phan tich ede hop am 3 ndt duye thanh lap ten cde bac cha dim giai Do ‘Traémg va La Tha, ta €6 nhu sau: ui cM) 1 1 uL Iv v MI vu Am Bara, co Dm E F Ghai (An) TE u I Vv v vI vir12 Hoa 4m truyén thong Il. PHAN LOA HGP. Gom cat tout sau Vidu 22° M_BON NOT(Tetrad) cr Cm? Crt) Cray? Cult) eXutao Fm Sm aM aM aM auing = 3m aM 3m 3m aM 3M 3m am aM 3m ky biéu khie- Cmin7 C7 CP CTS CMT CHa Citi? cus ce Cmé efutao 3m 3m 3 dim" ¢ 6M a oM quang 330 3m aM + Ripim = + hap im kyhigu 347 om 3M Tritag ae khac Caug(maj?) Co Cauglt) / C+) Rang (6m t4t ede hop am 4 nt due thinh Kip trén dm giai tring tue nhidn va thi hoa digu nhur sau: im Giai Truong ‘Am Gial Thi 7 Vv Vv M7 LW Vi m7 th Vi Wv m 75 Vil u + (Maj 7) Wi dim 7 vil min (Maj 7) I Ap dung hing tm tit trén day dé phan dich ede hop dm 4 uct duye thanh lap tren Am giai De ‘Truong va La (hi, (a e6 abu sau: Cai? Dr? Em? Braj? or Am? Bro?5) com 1 I 1 Vv Am(mst) Bm?) CHa) Dm? Er Fray? Gidim? Cam) 1 1 1m Vv v VI viHéa am truyén thong 13 Cie chy i Cae n6t trong hyp am (3, 4, hay 5 dt) phi I nhimg ndt 6 trong ane giai dang x6 (de 1 am giat 66 mang n6t duct ciing - nat néu - via byp am), 2. Cac hyp am @ hac 1, H] ciia dm gini thir hoa digu thudmg duge xem nhir ahimg hyp am ex clue not ngowi am (xen chung &) (Croug vi dy 23, 1 ede hep am + Amin (Maj 7) va CHMal7).. 3. Hop am 4 ndit érbae VIE eda am giai trump duye gui & Hop am quing 7 cam am. No tuy gidng voi hup am 4 ndt 6 bac H ctia am giai thir twong déi (cling hoa bo voi am giai tru’mg) nhung each ste dung rat khde nhaw. (trong vi du 23 hyp am [+(7)) Tl. HGP AM NAM NOT (Pentad) (C6 uhigu loai hop am S$ nét nhumg ta chi ké wie loai thong dung sau day: C3C aaj? CCL ESE 79 1) 54 im) te) otistgo 9M 7, aebeg: + Hep hoe vie bode * oft te? aM athe lo) Ghich, — N&u quang 9 thé duge thank lap (rén nét adn eda hop am ma nét trén cha quing khong c6 cli thi ta ky higu : - 9 thay cho 94 (xem Wi dy 4c), Iv. HOp AM THUAN - HOP AM NGHICH IV.1. Hop dim thuan 6 i hop dim c6 chita nhing qudag thuan, cho ta vim giée day dan, Uoai mdi, Nhu thé, cic hop am 3 nt nhu; hop am Trudme, the, 1A hop am thuan, 1V.2. Hop am nghich 16 R. hap am eo chia it abit ti mot quang aghich, chu ta ci giée cang thing, khé chia. Nhu thé wie hop am 3 not bu hop am tang, gid, sus 4, sus 2 va tdt ed ede hop am 4 not déu hop am nghich V. SU DUNG CAC HOP AM: Sau diy chting (a ban so tue vé each ding cic hop ami dil biél vao viée ghi hyp am cho cée hye, Vier fam, thu ra chi ding cho c: a Khtic mot, hai be don gian, D6i vii nhimg tde phd nhicu he, ching ta Cin 6 thém cde kién thife cua mon Tida Am sau nay, V.L. Sis dung cdc hop am 3 not Khi sérdung, ta cin lum ¥ toi ede digm saw diy J, Nén ding thuéng xuyen cde hep am bye 1, {V, V eda am gis, Nen khéi du va kel thie voi hyp am hae 1, HE thém mau sde, phong phi cho hai nhac ta e6 thé thay hyp am bac 1, IV, V bing hyp, am bac VIAL, UL Vidu 25: frong dim the (CM) thay ede hep am Co. G bing aie hop dm Am, Dm, bin 5. Hop am hie VII thuémg duu dat truvée hep ain bdcl dé thay thé hyp dm bie V, nhat fA trong giai ke 1s14 Hoa dm truyén thong & I JAMIES — Viva Con Dios 4. Nén Tien két cae hyp am o6 ahiéu nét chung voi nhau. Am - Dn - 2 op am thutmg c6 Khuysh hug chuyén den hyp am exch chting quing 4 ding: Rae D> Gd C9 Fe Bh > Th => Ab > on 6. Neu dat hyp am & pt z ~ Khong ké ede ndt ngoai am (non-harravnie tones) trong 6 nhip nha. Ab Bt Gn? ct V.2. Sit dung hdp 4m 4 nét. V.2.1 Bic V7: = uve dong rit nhieu, thay cho hap am hje V. = ‘Thuimg & giai kel, nd chuyén vé hae T, hode gidi quyét hat thug vé bac TV, VL Vid 20: En BT c Neuivi ta thutmg lién két nhimg hyp am V7 cach hau quang 4 ding. Vidy 30: Who s sorry nove B p? or cr Fr Cm V.2.2 Hae VIL: Ding thay hap V7 h duge dit ineée hap dim V7, nat Vidy 31: “Aloho-oe a er pial KEL cud Dai, br @ Aan, AIS GHoa 4m truyén théng 15 + Hop an. VU-7 cua am giui traimg déi khi duce thay hang hop am VIL 7 cia am gia thd dong, nguyén. Hop am VII 7 cia dm giai thir thutmg duce dug nhicu hen, Vidu 92: NGUYEN DUY NHAT - “Putong Thanh Gid* Cm Dum B s Trong vi du tren, D7 din BY. VIE 7 oda thang am «1 bm. 3 [Sie £7 (eta dm gia trump): - Ding kh dau bai nbac khi bai nhac bit au hang cam am = Thay hae [rong vige ket thie bai ubge. V.2.4 Bae IT + Thutmy di ude hyp am V7. dung hop am § né Vige sit dung hop any 5 néi due tn 141 trong hing truimg hyp thutmg gap sau cy: * Hyp dim 9 thuimg ding [2 hop am V9 trading cua am gi gia thi va hyp am 19, Hop an V9 es the chuyéi khong can chuyén sang V7). i traimg, hop am V9 thi eda am sang hep am V7 trace ki quyél ve hop am bac (hoae Hop sina V 7-9 «6 the sir dung thay hop an V9 tre aia trum. Hop am (9 duve diag dé ket thay hop am hae Leia dm git tuning16 4 Hoa am truyén thong BAI TAP VE CHUGNG 2 Ching ta hiy goi (én ede hop am sau: ca S o Hy vidi hang hinh néit ee thdnh phan cia hyp am: Gt Gaus 4, Gdim, G7-9, BYE dim, Fim, B, DMZ, Lim (ay ghi hyp am cho tie pham sau day cla Henry MANCINI - "Moon river" Ban nhac sau diy chi gdm ude hyp gm 3 nat © am giai GM. Chiing ta hay chuycn ching (hanh whimg hop dm 4 nét, mdi khi e6 thé duge. Can chi ¥ rang: 66 vai hop sim aca dé tai dang hop am 3 not sé bay hon ddd sang 4 wot: G Ee am 0 G Em am D Em Am DG Emam DG PmAm DG CAmHoa am truyén thong 17 Chuing ta hay phan tich eich ghi hop am trong te phim sau: NGUYEN DUY NHAT ‘Duang Thanh Gia” Expressivo Dolorosa om Fm 7 BAY BH G? a om 3 Ab Fm 3 G Ab 3, DF G? Baim? Cm ar G Fr FBI? Fm fom ay ab G BP? 3 Cm, db Gin?Hoa 4m truyén thong 19 CHUGONG 3 . DAI CUONG VE HOP AM 8 NOT (Triad) 1. NOT CHUNG CUA HAI HOP AM + I ndt chung: néu dm nda eda chting céeh nhau quing 5, 4. + 2ndt chong: néu am nea cha ching céch nhau quing + Khéng €6 nét chung, név am nitn eéch nhau quing Vidu 33, 7. @= nit chung a a - 5 a4 qs q? a6 q2 at Ul. TAM CU TIENG (Voice range) Vi ctu hda dm lidn quan ti uhimg uguyéa 1 iyi dal ra, va ede bai 1p trong fi Tigu may dua tren co si 4 load Licng: Syprane, Alto. 7 val Russe. Cae Ina € dy 6 Lam edt hur sau: Vidu 34: vain fenore = e Soprano Alto Tenore Basso tn. AM KEP. AM GIAM HILL. Am kep. Hyp din 3 not chi gom co 3 aot nen khi viel baa how an 4 phin, nguéd ta phai lap kai mot not nae do treng hop am. Not dé duet poi la am kép. Khi ding ant kep chuing 11 phi thee ce quy dint sau: TILE. Quy eink 1 Dod voit hop san bic LIV. V ¢heic tot cia ann git? 0 the true (vem phiin 1V Cie the eda hop ciet) aaus Kip 6 Ue Vielu 35:20 Hoa am truyén théng HIL1.2. Quy dinh 2: Doi vii hyp am hic 1, HI. Vi (hac phy cia an giai), am kép sé la am nén hay am 3". Sidi am 3 cha ede hop dm nay duce kép vi chting 12 ndt dinh thé (tona/ degrees) Vidu 36: x bt Lig Ww H1.3. Quy dinh 3 63 vei yp dn Byte VIE. gut ta elie the tr ma elting th dio 1 (ern phitn V). keép aim Néu kép am ven trong tring hyp nay ta sé phgm Ki hai quiing 8 theo nhau khi giai quyéi cam am ve cho VIL. thé tate 1 VII dao, 1 L8i guang & theo nhau kép m3 Am giam Neudi tt ed he bo bet di mot 161 trong hop am. Not dy goi la an gidm. Am 3, ngoai tri Gn 3 ea hae V. Aim 3 ade din n Khong due Je dan h ining, thi cla hyp an, Doi vedi hop am. hae V ui di 6 thang din mang hay thit,n6 cing la hop am trudmg, nen 6 thé ho am 3 ma khing gay ra ubiam Kin. IV, CAC THE CUA HOP AM New nét mang ten cia hop 4m (goi 1a nét adn} nan G be duvti cling, ta c6 thé trye (edn god 1 thé tr nhién) coda hop am. Nou ndt qudng 3 (am 3) eda hyp 4 Néu uot quang 5 (am 5) eda hyp am nim 6 he dui e ju 3K m nam 4 be dudi cing, ta e6 thé die 1 thé dio 2. ng, tae et hop cin CM ctia din giné Do Tring ams Lams amd . amnén The ove Thé dic 1 Thé dio 2 Komen TPES 16 16 4Hoa am truyén thong 21 V. KHOANG CACH GIUA CAC BE. (Spacing) Khi mot ndt due phat ra, tren thue (@ sé cb mot 9 whimg adi khie cong xuat hign, ching ta got {4 ohdng hot am (overtones) Vidu39; B3/dm tren néi Do Hgp am CM Hap am C7 Hap am C9 Hgp am C11 Hgp am C13 Nhu vity ching ta thay cing: khodng Gich gia ede Koi dm cing agdy c’ng thu hep kai di wr Up fea cao, Vi thé ki vigt how am 4 phn, chiing ta vin chi ¥ den Khoang cach git ee be nhur sau ©} be Soprano, Alto, Téner, khong duc céch nhau qda quang 8 ding. 2 be Tenore va Basse khong hi buge biti guy lugt tren. Thang thug nen nant orhe dui. Pp xe] be suo cho ce quing hep nam 6 cae be tren va cae quang rong VI. THE CUA HOP AM (position) Vi. hé rong (open position) Khi ha be tcu cing (Sop, Alto, Ten.) cach nhau quiing 5, quing 6, hop am é thé rong. V2. Thé hep (close position? Khi ha bo eu cing eich nhau qudng 3.gudng 4, hop am the hep. Wi dy 40: ThE hee The rong22 Hoa 4m truyén théng ‘ThE rong va hep déu duge ding thiimg xeyén uhu ohau, Vige lua chon thé nay hay thé khde ty Thude vio nhigu diéw kigu khie hau, quan trong ohal c6 1G 1 dieu kiga (igh trinh vba dang ea (gia gu), Mot ditu kign khide du fa Cam cit Lighg. Vi dy, néu be Soprano dam. vue cao thi thé hep sé dua ket qita 1a cde be khie sé yud cao. VII. VITRI CUA HOP AM: Mot hep ain 6 Etrue (hur mbign) c6 ba vi tri khie hau: + an nen érbe wren cimg: gui A vi ar 8, + am 3 drhe tren cima: gol vi ae a, + am 5 abe tren cing: poi Ha vs tr 5. Nidu4l Vim 8 Vir Mit 5 ‘Ching ta nen khei dhiu va ket thic hii nhav bang hop am dae vi tet &.Hoa 4m truyén théng 23 BAI TAP VE CHUONG 3 EONES aid nguéti chai trén dung cm hoae ding organ, my vi tink phat mot am giai, trang howe thi, va tigp thee Komdt hop ai 3 nit len Joa hap . the trye 1h h lap tren thang am ds. ching ta nghe va Gi am 4nd va bae eda no trong than, 2. Nin dang od hop am 3 nde sau day thude Foti nde {rumg, Tu, Pang hay Giimd, Roi xem ad eG the 2 hesp dm haw may? (duh sat M3) eda thang am nie ? (VF dy, hyp im (a) Ke traimg, ms Be hac HV eda thang am (IBM), 1 cla WMD...) 8. Viel 4 phn, ¢ cd hai thé rong va hep, cho ede hop am 3 nd sau a Bae IV eda thang dim ¢ Bhim) b, Bae Veda thang im CCM 4 Bic VE eda thang am (AM Ba Heda thang ane Dan) © Bae TE etia thang aim hm) 1 Bac (Veda thang dim (AM 8 Bie eda thang am (Lb » h Bac VE eta thang ame (in i. Bre VU eda thang am (GM) i. Bac 1 cia thang dim (ABM 4 4 Midd atch bo tri kde naw ie hop any sau: a c a S. Bang ciet ding cde dau hoa ba indi hop am 3 Gieb khde, dé (2 { thuemg (hang, 2 bi}, hay viet cic hop am 3 not dutii clay, 6 duye 4 leati hop dan: trucmg, shi tarig, im.24 Hoa 4m truyén thong 6. Gidrnat sol # lin ndt én cing cia hop am, hay viéi 4 phn céia cde hop dim 3 nét quy dinh ahue sau: a. Hop dm teuimg, thé dio 1, véi am $ or be Soprano, b. Hop ann nghich vei am 3.6 be Soprano, ¢. Hop am thé dao 2 trong thang am EM. 4. Hop am ed am nin 1 am hae IE trong 1 ann giai tht. fe Hyp mm thé rong, vei dm nénnam ihe Soprano, 1 Mop ans thi tthe hep. g. Hop am tang kép am 3, h. Jlgp den thudn trong thang dm Bre i. Hep am giam trong thang 4m D# m. 1. Hap am été dio 1, vei am hae IVa be Base, 7. [lk lay cde not cho duct day Lion am. aga ri te nen ede hup dm Tring, Chi, Tang, Gide: Sort. Si® dah ha, Do X. Viel 4 phan wi: a. ‘The rong cha vi trf 8, 3 va 5 bo The hep dr ba vii 8, 3 va cua ede hep ant sau: CM, M1 Em, Gi, ABM.Hoa am truyén thong 25 CHUONG 4 CAC LOAI CHUYEN HANH (Kinds of motion) 1. CHUYEN HANH GIAI DIEU (Melodic motion) Chuyen hanh giai diéu [a chuyé eng tim be hoa don, Cae gay tae sau day chi 1a nhimg [ti khuyén, abiing chi din (chit khémg han hat huge } cho ching ta khi mudn chuyén dong ede bo. Can ehd y dac biét Uti chuyén hinh eta 2 he Soprano vai Hasse hon cae be khiic. 1.1. Chuyén hanh lign bac (conjuner motion t Goi ta chuyén hanh lien bae khi cde nol chayén ding vei quiing 2 (hay ndi cick khéc, cde nit c= “hy step’), di en 1.2. Chuyén hanh eich bac (disjunct motion Goi 1b chuyén hoh eich bie khi cde ndt chuyéin ddng v6¥ cd ndi cach khée, cév nd di eich hae - “Ay skip") 1g tin hon quitng 2 (hay Vidu 42 qz qa a ae Lidn bac Cach bac Mot giai digu hay thutmg chia hu hé. 1 nhimg chuyen han lien bac, con chuyén hanh cach hie de ding mt edeh kheéu [Go dé thay doi site thai. Qua ohicu hude my edeh hae sé Gin cho giai diéy mang abicu tinh sv canh, gay, how Bi tink Juu Indl cin phai e6. Can cha ¥ rang, he Busso thutmg gom nhigu guiding cdeh bac hen mbing be Kise; diac ict Khi ching ta ding nbiGu hop dm ha not thé inte 1.3. Mot sé quy tae Quy tae 1: ip dung eho timg ehuyén hanh) " Khong nén chuyén hiah vii che qudng tang, hay quing ghim." Ngoai trir cde trutm hep sau day: dng 2 ang, néu nd tac qudng ting fa edn ani ve chit am. be guiing 3 gitien. 4 widen, 5 gio nea sau a6 Fa ehuyén band |i Vidu 4, n bie, ngucr chic, edmam_ chil am a2 hy as pam cam»? Hag nar26 Hoa Am truyén thong 2. Quy tae 2: (ip dung cho timg chuyen haah) " Sau nhing quing lin hon quing 6 thi, nén chuyen hinh aguoc chitu Ii." Vy phi thee quy tie (ren nb mg: a- Khong aén chuyén hash voi ¢uaing 8: cans din = cm am, b- Khong acn chayen hanh voi qudng 6 trudng gida bac 1f- VIL, a4 vi (Quy bie 3: (ip dyng cho 2 chuyén buh tien Hep) "Khong aca dang 2 chuyén hinh lien tiep de tao thinh qung 4 tang, qua quang 7 trunings, quang 9 truning vib 9 tnd." Quy bie nay chi dp dung nhicu ds] voi hoa am cho ca Joan aé tinh nkimg Negoai tri, cde truimg hap sau 66 1hé chap nhan dupe ae NOt git cc trutmyg db lea hog Meal act ki be Sua dé [a chuyeis hain cing ghigu lien hie NOt gid 64 tutmg dd who nhung nin & phdeh yeu Midu 45: quing 41g Guang Stang uing 4 quing 4 tang ‘ ee auing 4 tang ‘ange Nate fa) a) te) h thee chigu bat bude phat xue La. Mot so chuyen 14.1. Sw chuyén sinh nga cong dong. Nidu 46; then chigu mia cung déag ds, = 14.2. Sua ust tas quan Vidu 47: faa tbo fe) x, mue 1.4.3 14.3, Be nie cr dup ese am thi bade pias chuycn han ve chi am. Neu ci any named be Alto, Tenor thi co thé huyén hank xudng quiing 2 buy 3 vei digu kien be Soprano phai ve chi am Gaty 10 gil Keb),Hoa am truyén thong 27 Il. CHUYEN HANH HOA DIEU (Harmonie motion - Relative motion) Tai he-c6 thé chuyén ding hoa digu (con got 8 chuyén dong tong dél-rekirive motion thea 4 cack: Coontiary mation) U1. Chuyén banh nguec ol Hai be chuyén hant thee huviug nguye hau. Vidu 4x: Chuyén hank nguoe ehicu rit 161 trong hie dm, Chuyée hh tuong doi gitka vic hE pha duge Acp dal sao cho moi be gitr duge tinh dde kip cds minh, “Tren quan wigs dé, chuyén Wink nguvie chicu dy duoe higu qua It nhl, nhung khong thé nao dé 4 he cing chuyén hank thes 4 hung khie mau, 11.2, Chuyén banh xien (oAtique motion) Mar be gilt yen cue dé, trong khi dd be edn ku chuyén dong, (an nen chuyén dong, xien. Vidu 49; Chuyén hanh xién rat tt trong hoa am, Chuyén hanh xien thudmg duce dang dé tae sue ter phcin cua | be chuyén dong visi 1 be van Utng yen, 13, Chuyén hanh cing chiéu (Sinsler motion) Ca hui be chuyén hanh cing chigu ( eang ken hae cang xuding) vei shaw. fw SU Urong chuyén dong cing ch dang dé néi bai be ab ha thing ta cin chti ¥ dimg dé cho hai be chuyé: dong qua cong nguii ban dong hanh vei ahau, ahw the mait di ve rigiig big, Linh oe Lip eta Indi bie, 1.4. Chuyén hanh song song (Pocullel motion) Khi 2 he chuycn hinb cing chigu nhur vei kboding eich bang mhay, ta es chuyd Vidu St: h song song. déng dm quéng 8 —— quang 5 jong song = song. song song sang (a) ca) ) Nai be chung ta coth huyén Win song sung, xét vo mat giai 92 ft Link de lip hon ede loa Khe, Laie ay ni nhc chi ed moe be chuyéu han vei sue kip lai ctu be khic (én tren hoae hen duvti,28 Hoa am truyén thong * Chuyén hinh song song quing dong am, quing $ ding, 8 ding déu bi ede nb. sii mhage the ky 18, 19 (ran str dung, nat 1B khi viel cde c@iu nie 4 phan (Vi du Sta). * Chuygn hinh song song quing 3, quang 6 duge ding nhiéu hun, nh song song quuing 4 cing duye sir dung neu cs quang 3 song soug nam 4b] duct 26 CVi dy Sb), Chuyén hanh song song quang aghich xdy ra trong mde vai (rutmg hep do vige xi dung nét ngoyi am, ddim va viee gidi quyct haf thuimg cia cde hup dm oghich. TI. QUANG 5, QUANG 8 THUAN (Direct 5th, 8th) TILA. Dinh nghia Khi 2 be chuyén dong cling chitu dén quing 5 ding, quing & ding, ta goi dé 1a chuyén quing 5, 8 thudn, Chuyén hanh nay sé bj coi 1a 167 hda am néu pham yao cdo nguyen tie sau day: nh HIL2. Nguyen tde : a. “Khi lien két 2 hup sit khie nhau, hai ho khong duoc chuyén hanh cing chitu tii quang 8 ding, ngowi triz be trén chuyén hanh lin hae. b. “KA/ lién két hai hop im khie nau, hai bé khong duge chuyén hank cing chiéu toi quang 5 ding, ngoai trit mat trong hut be chuyén lién bic." Vid 52: Xdu Tét és Tee xau (a) 0) Trank Tét Neuyén tiv én chi ip dung cho 2 hyp am khée nhau, Néu xay ra trong cing mot hyp amu thi dé fa van dé noi bo eda hep am, khéng hi coi Hi loi, Nén dang chuyén hanh xién hode nguae chiéu dé tanh 151 quing 5, qudng ¥ thuan. UANG 5, QUANG 8 THEO NHAU (Consecutive 5th, 8th) IVT. Nguyen ti "Khi hién ui hop dim khde nluus, hai be khong duoc chayén hanh voi hai hay abiew quings Bung vi quing 8 Bung lién tiép mac dé lit chuyén lién hic hay Cac trutmg hap sau day dou coi nhur loi: Vidy 54:Hoa dm truyén thong 29 chi Pe ted [Oi quing 5, & theo nhau ubw tren, fa khong nen lé 2 hyp am dcing khuin kbd (che) va vi tr. * Khi mot hop aim d6i vi tri, doi the, dai thé th) khong cin van dé Iai quing §, 8 thudn va quiing 5, 8 theo nhau nia. V. CHUYEN HANH TRONG KHL DOI VI TRI, THE V1. Bai i vitei3 va vitrid <=> vitriS ‘Thuimg nén cho dong ca chuyén hanh ydi quang 3, vi chuyén hinh voi quang 6 nhicu sé lam mat thang bang cho bai ho’ am. Neu déi vi tei cach hda digu: mot hé cing yon, 2 be cha Tas trae doi nét ohae vot nha. Vidu 55 néntrénk Néu déi vi tri dich ca dig: 3 hé eting [én hay cing xudng, nguve chiéu vii be am; uén dang ca hai vi tet & cling mat thé (khudn khd) nh nbau dé bai hoa am due thang bang. Vidu 56: Trak V2.D0i vitri8 vitriS Neén di thee eéeh hoa digu vi dang ca st chuyén banh vei quang 4,5. Néu di theo ca diéu, b3i hia dm sé khdng thang bang vi mang nhidu quang kin. VI. QUANG 'TAM_AM (Tritone) VL1. Dinh nghia Quing 4 ting gim 3 cung ding duve goi (a guang tam am. VL2. Dac tinh Quang tam am © mot vé Licug KY I thuimg duge goi Ri “diabolus in musica” (ma quy trong am nhac), N6 thutmg xudt hién trong ign V- Vi. Trong giai doan diu, chiing ta nén trénh ding u6, ‘Tuy abide, e6 thé tam chap whan duve néu nh ndt clon am (ndt tron cda quang tam am) am oF 2 he Tenore va Aito, nghi30 Hoa am truyén thong Quang tam an ‘Trinh Chap phan suite BE (Overlapping of voices) Khi 2 be chuyén dng eang chigu rl hop amr trate nd, Yé Uuvii cao _hon be trén hay bé tren thap hon he dudti cba Vidu 8 ‘Ching ta nén trdnh hign tumig chéo bé dé tninh pay siz nhiam lan vé nhdn inh hé cia thinb pide.Hoa 4m truyén théng 31 CHUONG 5 TIEN TRINH HOA AM (Harmonic Progression) A. TIEN TRINH HOA AM I. KHAI NIEM 1.1. Mét 6 dinh nghia Khi nghe mat loat cde hop am noi tiép nhau nguivi ta thutmg dat ra hai cau hoi : * phai lya chon loai hyp 4m ndo cho thich hop véi mdt nén hda Am cho san? Jani edich no dé lign ket céic hop am nay vii nhau? ay fi hai khid can cha viin dé tién trinh hud am ¢hannony progression). Khi nghien ctu ede hop 4m (ruc, dio 1, div 2) ngudi ta thay mot didu rd nét: tink am vang dae thi cia 2 hyp am it quan irong hon [mdi lién hé gidu hai am nén eda ching vi nhau, vd véi thang am mang chung. Frac het, hop am duge xic dink bei vi tri cba ching trong dm thé, hay ndi cdch khde, biti bac cGa am nién trong thang am. Le dé, vide khdo sat su licn KC cde hop am e6 thé duge thu gon ve viee Khao sit su Tidn két cde am nen vGi nhau. Su lien két nay goi li tién trinh am nén- root progressivn). Newdi ta ding e4 é bidw thi su ndi Ligp cde bie cia thang am. Su thay d6i ede dang hap am ed cling mat cing mol hop 4m nhung khde nhau vé thé, thé, vi tri) khong quan trong kim. Khi moc ign tinh am nn khong chink, sy thay déi dang hyp am nhu vay khong gidp lm hotin chink duve gi them ca. Hang 3 bai thing @iuge di : 5 . hop Grabée theo sur boi | Tin® thodng ta it Rhi le I v,v ul it " Vv vl 1M, 1V ut MI wv u,v Vv v IAL WM v 1 VLTV. Ma. M mY Wty i vil TM (Rae VII it] dune ding gr the firues 1.2. Dac tinh, Ching ta nen cha ¥ dé dae tinh céa ning tiga trink ha don (nba nay khéng thé dvoe mo 14 cy thé ngay bang lai. Ching ta chi 6 thé cdma nghigm cia minh. Tigh trink "sr any ve chei im” (ite Ia bie V chuyén ve ba (ao cim pide hod man nbat, Nudd ta dé dang cdi thay duge st nghi agot eiia (ign trinh nay khi dién rigng hé Basse. m nién). Nhong dae tinh 1 duve chung theo kink32 Hoa 4m truyén théng Vidu 50: cM) oy 1 v 1 Cae Uich Winh khae voi sin ntn chaycn dong xudng quang $(hoae fen quang 4) cing tao ra bigu qua tuong ty ohu tien tinh 27 dr v2 chd dv mae dit it man mé hen, Rhi am un chuyén litn bac, hop am thet hai sé e6 ton bo abiing ndt mdi’, va de dé sé cho mgt surthay déi ve mau sde hda am- kannonic color (xem vi dy 60) u 60: Neguoc lai véi dac tfnh trén, khi di chuyén hop am 3 nét thé tryc lén trén mot quing ba, hiéu img ao ra sé rat ém din (vi dy 61). Vidu 61: T pity 1v VI VI 1 B. LIEN KET CAC HOP AM G THE TRUC I. HALHOP AM CG AM NEN CACH NHAU QUANG 2 LA. Nhan xét Hai hop am co am nén céch nhau quang 2 sé khong cc ndt chung. Do dé khong cd chuyén dong xién, Khi li¢n ket khang thay déi ve thé. L.2.Nguyén tic tien ka Nen dang cach /ién Aéi ca digu, tite 1A cée be dou chuyén dong, nhu sau: * Bé itasso chuyén hank quang 2. * Ba bé trén chuyén aguoc chiéu Basso vé cae vi tri gan nhat trong bop 4m sau. " gay 18 tustng hop hai hop am cach nhau quang 2, do dé khéng 06 nét chung. Xin xem tai chung 3, muctHoa 4m truyén théng 33 Vidu 62: Tl. HAI HGP AM CO AM IL.1. Nhan xét Hai hop am es am aén cach nbau quang 3 sc hai nit chung, D8 Lao Lién kel how digu gitta hai hop am nay hon 18 diéa kel ct dice. in két kiéu hoa digu : * Bé Basso chuyén hank quang 3 * Hui bé 6 not chung sé glit yén (lap lal) * Bé con lai chuyén 11 VI tri gin ahat ciia hop am sau 6. ‘Trong lién ket kidu nay khong o6 sy thay déi ve thé cia hyp am. Vidu 63: * Bé Basso chuyén hanh quang 3. * Hai bé trao dit not chung voi nha. * Ke con tpt chuyén t6t vi tri giin ahal cia hyp im sau do. ‘Prong lien két nay ©6 su thay déi vé thé cia hop am. Viitu 64: S 4 = = Hep Rong Réng Hep34 Hoa am truyén théng TILL. Lién ket kigu hoa digo * Bé Bassu c6 thé chuyén lén quang 4 hay xuong quang 5 huste chuyén len quing 5 bay xudng quang 4 * Git yén not chung ctia hai hop im. * Hai be con tai chayén tot vi tri gian abil Vi du 6s: x hup am sau di, no. ¥ s Héa didug.4 len Ca digu Héa diéu gS lén IIL.2. Lign két kigu ca dieu * Be Basso chuyén hanh quang 4 lén (hay quéng 5 xuong) * By bé con Ini chuyén nguoe chiéu Busso vé ede vi tri gin ntuit trong hop am sau. Kidu nay thutmg duce ding trong Lién ket I - V. IV. NHAN XET CHUNG IV.1. Nou ede nguyén tic tren day duoc dp dung, su lien ket git cde hop am sé chinh xde, xét ve mat chuyén hanh bé (voice /eading) trong tin trinh hoa am. Myc dich cia phuong phap dam bao 6 duge su fey ket thud én nbal gidta hai hyp am, dén mite hop 4m nay dudng nh 1a eda hop am di trade, Tuy nbien, acu ding lien tue phuong phap nay, ket qua sé dua Wi loai am nhac buda chan, mos tdi, Midu 66; la CPM) To ovIoWwov ilo ovi owoy yovowv 1 1V.2. Xe ve mat dod am (comapuntal writing), ching ta khong hy vong fin thay duoc ditu gi hay trong ahing ue Trong vice nghien cifm hia am, ching ta clin chi ¥ dén chinh cae hep am uhicu hem, Tuy vay, vide tra doi va thyt lap vi cde céich lien két theo ede nguyén te di ndi & tren <6 dem Ja che ching ta Tham my am nhae va site phén dodn can thigt cho vige thye Lap séng tie. IV.3. Yrong ea ip Ve nhing cach Hién ket co hin caa hop am 3 dit deh true, thal ra, van 66 the es nhimg eich sp xép khaéc hay hum va os hae tinh hon, Noi eich khic, ce jay luge Hien ket tren diy phd vi khi no nhge si c6 nhimg chil dich am nae ring, Ngwtyi ta «dg pha vir ede quy lua nay vi phai cht ¥ gifrche dong ca (bé Soprano) c6 duu gial dicu tinh va eda Inde chat che,Hoa dm trayén thong IVA, Neu vi ly do gi d6, arn én bi viur3, 5, 8). ( com) 1 35 ap lai, nguési ta thutmg thay ddi vi ti cla cae be Wen Chay ddi ve IV.5. Sic thay doi tir thé rong sang thé hep hay neue lai, thuimg 1 cach t6t dé eG due MOL not ahac indi cho bé Soprano, NVidu 68: «M) VI TV.6. di khi, ta gap cach ding hyp am 3 nétkhong 66 am q 2 5 ma chi gom 3 Am adn va Mot dm quing 3. Cach ding nay cing gidp chodong ea (soprano) Khong bi gd BO. Tuy nhién kAdng duoc bi not quang 3 di. lu 69: Krdng of art 5 Khong co dra 3 = (om) ¥ v 1 IV.7. K¢p am quing 3 hay am quing 5 thay vikép am nén 1b nbimg eich khde dé 66 duce them ahimg adi thich hyp cho ding ca Soprano, Vidu 70:36 Hoa am truyén théng 1V.8. Mot cach khiic dé o6 duce giai digu hay cho bé Soprano, dé Rk phan nbd cde phach ra so vei cde be khée. Tuy nbién trong fic mei dau, ching ta Khong nen ding nhitu céch nay khi chua guen thude veri cach sp xép thang cia hop am (tite cach sap xép trong dé cdc bd ed trutmg dé bling nau.) Vidu 71: d cM) 1 Vv v v I v Nhing vain dé cutie néu len teong muc IV4 eid Linh giai dieu vA khdng 16 thuge vio ts IVS fi nhdng phuomg phap dé es duge bz Soprano 0 Uiinh am cién cay ticin trinh ha dm, ni chug). 1 CAC HOP AM BA rong tién trinh he: > PH Khi sir dung e: e hyp am bae phy, chdng 1a ein uu y cae digm sau day: V.1. Dai voi hop am hac 11S Cong thie Lica kc huimg gap etia bae IL Bo av) -M.vet kel 15-115 ma thay vao dé thuing sir dung Wien ket 05-116 hay £6 =H ai ket Nauti ta it dong 5, 16-16. ae IT cia thang ém thi [A mot hyp am 3 ndt giim, c6 quding 5 giim, | quing aghich, Trong thye (€ cic abi soan nhac ding hop am ny é thé rye mét cach ty do. voi vide gidi guyel quang 5 gkim.(Xin xem them chuomg 23- {yp dn 3 nol gin ilu 72 Ie (Cm) 1 v vai bop am bac ILS Cong thie Lién kel thyme gap etia bite iT Bi: T- WSs - W.- ™w hay: WW - VI- Mi - W- w Nen ding bie HL othe tre. Vrong thang dim thi, hyp am bie [17 12 hop arn ba ndt tang- augmented iad (st due khdo sit 4 chung 24). N6 eiing [i hyp am eG quaing ughich (yudng 5 ting), Neutri ta thudmg kép am 3 eda hop am nay, hie 18 dim bae Veda thang am chink,Hoa 4m truyén théng 37 du 73: 2 (am) IIL VI ¥.3. Pai voi hop am bac VI Thutmg nén dimg hep am Vi 6 thé true. Cong thite thuimg gap: IM - VI. Wavy Can chi ¥ rang, trong lign ket V — VI, am 3 cita hyp am Vi phai duge k¢p.va thutmg khong cach fig k¢t d3 n6i i (1.2) md sé lién ket nb sau: * Cin im é hap dm V chuyén dong vé chi dm nam trong hop am VE. * Hai be khic xuong vf tri gin nat ctia hop im sau. Kep dim 3 tits hop sim VI (U6 chinh Bi n6t cha din eda thang din chioh). Vidu 74; voi v vi vod V.4. Dadi vai hyp am bac VIL Tle aim bac VI fa mat hop thé rye, Nguii ta hay ding né ¢ethé dao U vei not edn am Ha nde tre Cong thie tauimg ding: 1) 3nGt nghich, 66 quing 5 gidm, ‘Thuomg rat & khi dude str dung & cla quay 6, ky higu: VIL +62 IV - vi+6a - 1 h hop am V7 kong hede 6/ (higu am ues). Thin thedng ngudsi ta ving thay hyp am bac VI 6 thé Tie diye ding theo sau né 1 hop am HLS. Cach ding nay thutng gp trong m6. mau md phing (seguence- xem chuong 18) dé duy 17 Linh dai ximg cla ede be (ging). Lae dy (uc, trong lign ket VES - HLS), am kép trong bop am VIL sé Ta «aim am (am nen). Vidu 75 Typ am VI 46/3 that rac38 Hoda 4m truyén théng P VE CHUGNG 5 1. ‘Trong moi lin két dutti day, hay viet hoa am 4 phan véi 3 cach sép xCp khde nau: a Vo = ME trong thang am Lim bY © trong thang pM ce 1 = ME trong, thang am IM dV = yong thang am cM © Vo = Bron thang am An fT = V wong thang am bm e VE - IV trong thang am BbM hoo ¥ trong thang am eM Lo = VE trong thang am C#m iV = VE trong thang am DbM 2 hop am 3 nét dudi day Ceahé tye theo hai hudmg. Uuéme thi ahdt, dp dung dang kel 3 hoe; husing thi hai co thé them vao nhimg digu di néu lea trong nye LV dé 6 duve mat giai digu hay cho hé Soprane, a (CM): W-V-1-1-VeM-W- -v-Vved - (Omy:1- Vie IW. Ve VE-IVeV eT Ved eo (AMD VOMIT? VE- IV WOE Ve IV IV VOT A. CBmsV PIV ie We IV 3. Viel them bé Soprano, Alto, ‘Tenor che ede bé Basse cho san dutéi day, diumg hop Am ha adt crthé true. 2 30)Hoda 4m truyén théng 39 4, You ciu nh Lap 3, nhumg vsi mdi cau hae dutéi day, han hay viet theo hai hung abu di trinh hay Iroug bai ip 2.