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    68 views3 pages

    BCIRA Broadsheet 291

    Uploaded by

    Justin Dixon

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    1ese Broadsheets Is @ proof copy: please draw the Editor’s attention to any omissions or apparent errors, during this month. They will be reprinted in final form for Inclusion as loose copies in the next BCIRA Research | | : Theleffects of the main five elements in cast irons The levdls of the five main elements carbon, silicon, manganese, sulphur arid phosphorus in grey, ductile and malleable cast irons have important effects on the castability, structure, and rhechanicel and physical properties. Additionally, if uncontrolled, they can also promote the formation of certain types of defects and affect machinability. It is therefore important that the effects of these elements are understood and that they are carefully: controlled in order that the optimum properties and quality of resultant castings are obtained. i { i RECOMMENDED FURTHER READING BCIRA Broadsheet 4: Relation between composition, strength and structure (or hardness) of grey i cast iron. BCIRA Broadsheet 211~7: Bffects of carbon in nodular (SG) irons. BCIRA Broadsheet 211~ 1: Bffecs of silicon in nodular iron BCIRA Broadsheet 211~3: Effects of manganese in nodular (SG) iron. BCIRA Broadsheet 211~2: Effects of phosphorus in nodular ion. BCIRA Broadsheet 6: Subsurface blowholes associated with segregation of manganese sulphide inclusions, BCIRA Broadsheet 20: Prevention of dross defects in nodular (SG) iron castings. BCIRA Broadsheet 31: Mis-ran castings. BCIRA Broadsheet 55: Inverse chill in flake graphite cast iron. BCIRA Broadsheet 64: Cracking in grey iron castings—effect of compositisn. BCIRA Brosdsheet 162: Importance of controlling low phosphorus contents in grey iron castings. BCIRA Broadsheet 164-2: Mortle in malleable irons, BCIRA Broadsheet 164-3: Inverse greyness in malleable iron. BCIRA Broadsheet 212: Factors influencing the ductile or brittle behaviour of nodular iron, BCIRA Broadsheet 213: Galvanizing embrittlement of malleable and nodular irons. BCIRA Broadsheet 214: Temper embrittlement in nodular icon, BCIRA Brosdsheet 223: Factors influencing the ductile or brittle behaviour of malleable irons. BCIRA Brosdsheet 224: Avoiding white iron formation or ‘chil? in grey irons. BCIRA Broadsheet 261: Graphite flotation in nodular (SG) iron casting Table 1 Grey cast irons. ‘Carbon '® Maximum soundness is obtained with @ carbon equivalent value (GEV) at 3” {Normal songe: ‘An increase: 2-8-3-7%) © Reduces tonsle strength and hardness. © incroasosthormal conductivity. © Increases fut. High fovels: Promote coatse graphite and open grain on machining ‘Sian ‘An inoreasa! (Normal ranges ‘© Promotes fort formation, 7 142-88), 1 Reduces strength and hardness Reduces chiling tendency Lovels above about 2-8%: (© Embiitle and harden the iron, 7 ‘© Combines with and naiaizes sulphur (Norma range: ‘When presen at lvels in accordance with Mn = 1-7 SS + 0-9 rout lowest lvength end O-4—-0-995), arenes. An inoreaso: ~ ‘© Promotes poatlt, High fovel H 1 "Increase the Fick of dross and manganese sulphide blowholes, ‘Sulphur For effects on hardness end stensth see mengoneso, (Norma range: ‘An increase: 0-02~-0-16%5) © Promotes the formation of white rons unles balanced by manganese, High loves: { Promote dios and tendency for manganese apie blowhols to occur © Can contribute to inverse chil formation, {Low lovols lass than 0-05%6: {8 Roduce the response to inoculation treatment. Phosphorus ‘An increase: 1 (oral range: © ‘Incroasoe harcnese and britlaness, 0-02= 1.2%)" {© Increases tendoncy for unsoundnoss dafects te occur | © Increases fiiy I Low lavels below 0:04%: Increave metal penetration and fnning Carbon equivalent (cee '¢ Meximum soundness is btainod with a carbon equivalent valus (GE) at 3 An increase: I 1 Reciuces tonsla strength and hardness, | © Recuces ching tendancy, 1 Promotos ocarea structures and open gen on machining “Carbon equivalent value Figh-dty and quality castings, to obtain maximum soundness (GeV) = 0% + SIW/S + PHLID, | "aren tha phosshors conan sme gb ct ens maybe sigh a 1-2 per cat evel lee hen -2 pr contr orjmanin | Eicon cae ‘Carboh An increase: ons — Silicon ‘An increase: Nome range: @ Reduces chilling tendency. <0-1p-5%) ® Segregates to cell boundaries and promotes carbides in slow-coolad sections. 1 Increases duotile:to:brito vaneiton temperatures, Docroases bolow 0:2%: In a8-cst fore grades, reduce pesrite formation Dlackheatt: 1-2=1-6%; whiteheart 0-60-89) ‘Sulphdr "© Excessive levels In base ran increase tendency for ross defects to occur (orm range: Levels above 0-016%: 0-018) ‘Promote the formation of poor graphite nodules and quas-lake graphite at constant magnesium, Phosphorus ‘An Increase above 0-059 (orm range: ‘© Can produce internal unsoundness defects

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